1某機(jī)械廠降壓變電所的電氣設(shè)計(jì)前言在工廠里,電能雖然是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主要能和動(dòng)力,但是它在產(chǎn)品成本中所占的比重很?。ǔ娀I(yè)外) 。電能在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的重要性,并不在于它在產(chǎn)品成本中或投資總額所占的比重多少,而在于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣以后可以大大增加產(chǎn)量,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,提勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,降低生產(chǎn)成本,減輕工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,改善工人的勞動(dòng)條件,有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)生過(guò)程自動(dòng)化。從另一方面來(lái)說(shuō),如果工廠的能供應(yīng)突然中斷,則對(duì)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)可能造成嚴(yán)的后果。因此,做好工廠供電工作對(duì)于發(fā)展工業(yè)生,實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化,具有十分重要的意義。能源節(jié)約是工廠供電工作的一個(gè)重要方面,能源節(jié)約對(duì)于國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)具有十分重要戰(zhàn)略意義,因此做好工廠供電工作,對(duì)于節(jié)約能源、支援國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè),也具有重大的作用。課程設(shè)計(jì)是檢驗(yàn)我們上學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)情況的一項(xiàng)綜合測(cè)試,它要求我們把所學(xué)的知識(shí)全部適用,融會(huì)貫通的一項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,是對(duì)我們能力的一項(xiàng)綜合評(píng)定,它要求我們充分發(fā)掘自身的潛力,開(kāi)拓思路設(shè)計(jì)出合理適用的供配電系統(tǒng)。眾所周知,電能是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的主要能源。電能即易于由其他形式的能量轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái),又易于轉(zhuǎn)換為其他形式的能量以供應(yīng)用。電能的輸送和分配既簡(jiǎn)單經(jīng)濟(jì),又便于控制、調(diào)節(jié)、測(cè)量。有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程自動(dòng)化。而工廠供電就是指工廠所需要電能的供應(yīng)和分配。工廠供電設(shè)計(jì)要達(dá)到為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)服務(wù),保障工廠生產(chǎn)和生活用電的需要,并做好節(jié)能工作,就必須做到:安全、可靠、優(yōu)質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)。同時(shí)課程設(shè)計(jì)也是教學(xué)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié),通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)可以鞏固各課程理論知識(shí),了解工廠供電設(shè)計(jì)的基本方法,了解工廠供電電能分配等各種實(shí)際問(wèn)題,培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立分析和解決實(shí)際工程技術(shù)問(wèn)題的能力,同時(shí)對(duì)電力工業(yè)的有關(guān)政策、方針、技術(shù)規(guī)程有一定的了解,在計(jì)算繪圖、編號(hào)、設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)等方面得到訓(xùn)練,為以后工作奠定基礎(chǔ)。2目錄第一章 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū) ........................................................11.1 設(shè)計(jì)題目 ..................................................................................................................................11.2 設(shè)計(jì)要求 ..................................................................................................................................11.3 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) ..................................................................................................................................11.3.1 工廠總平面圖 ...............................................................................................................11.3.2 工廠負(fù)荷情況 ...............................................................................................................11.3.3 供電電源情況 ...............................................................................................................21.3.4 氣象資料 .......................................................................................................................31.3.5 地質(zhì)水文資料 ...............................................................................................................31.3.6 電費(fèi)制度 .......................................................................................................................3第二章 負(fù)荷計(jì)算和無(wú)功功率補(bǔ)償 ............................................42.1 負(fù)荷計(jì)算 ...................................................................................................................................42.1.1 單組用電設(shè)備計(jì)算負(fù)荷的計(jì)算公式 ............................................................................42.1.2 多組用電設(shè)備計(jì)算負(fù)荷的計(jì)算公式 ............................................................................42.2 無(wú)功功率補(bǔ)償 ...........................................................................................................................62.2.1 有關(guān)功率的名詞解釋 ....................................................................................................62.2.2 提高功率因數(shù)的意義 ....................................................................................................72.2.3 提高功率因數(shù)方法 ........................................................................................................72.2.4 電容器的選擇、補(bǔ)償方式和聯(lián)接方式 ........................................................................82.2.4 無(wú)功補(bǔ)償?shù)挠?jì)算 ..........................................................................................................11第三章 變電所位置和型式選擇 .............................................133.1 變配電所所址選擇的一般原則 .............................................................................................133.2 型式與布置 .............................................................................................................................133.3 負(fù)荷中心的確定方法 .............................................................................................................143.2.1 負(fù)荷指示圖 ..................................................................................................................143.2.2 負(fù)荷電能矩 ..................................................................................................................143.2.3 負(fù)荷功率矩 ..................................................................................................................14第四章 變電所主變壓器臺(tái)數(shù)和容量、類(lèi)型的選擇 .............................1734.1 臺(tái)數(shù) .........................................................................................................................................174.2 容量 .........................................................................................................................................174.3 臺(tái)數(shù)、容量、類(lèi)型的選擇 .....................................................................................................17第五章 變電所主接線方案的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................185.1 裝設(shè)一臺(tái)主變壓器的主接線方案: ........................................................................................185.2 裝設(shè)兩臺(tái)主變壓器的主接線方案 .........................................................................................195.3 主接線方案的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較 .................................................................................................19第六章 短路電流的計(jì)算 ...................................................216.1 繪制計(jì)算電路 .........................................................................................................................216.2 確定短路計(jì)算基準(zhǔn)值 .............................................................................................................216.3 計(jì)算短路電路中個(gè)元件的電抗標(biāo)幺值 .................................................................................216.4 k-1 點(diǎn)(10.5kV 側(cè))的相關(guān)計(jì)算 ........................................................................................226.5 k-2 點(diǎn)(0.4kV 側(cè))的相關(guān)計(jì)算 ..........................................................................................22第七章 變電所一次設(shè)備的選擇和校驗(yàn) .......................................237.1 10kV 側(cè)一次設(shè)備的選擇校驗(yàn) ................................................................................................247.1.1 按工作電壓選擇 ..........................................................................................................247.1.2 隔離開(kāi)關(guān)、負(fù)荷開(kāi)關(guān)和斷路器的短路穩(wěn)定度校驗(yàn) .................................................257.2 380V 側(cè)一次設(shè)備的選擇校驗(yàn) ................................................................................................267.3 高低壓母線的選擇 ..............................................................................................................27第八章 變電所進(jìn)出線的選擇和校驗(yàn) .........................................288.1 10kV 高壓進(jìn)線和引入電纜的選擇 ........................................................................................288.1.1 10kV 高壓進(jìn)線的選擇校驗(yàn) .........................................................................................288.1.2 高壓配電室至主變的一段引入電纜的選擇校驗(yàn) .....................................................288.2 380 低壓出線的選擇 ..............................................................................................................298.2.1 鑄造車(chē)間 ......................................................................................................................298.2.2 鍛壓車(chē)間 ......................................................................................................................308.2.3 金工車(chē)間 ......................................................................................................................308.2.4 熱處理車(chē)間 .................................................................................................................318.2.5 電鍍車(chē)間 ...................................................................................................................328.2.6 倉(cāng)庫(kù) .............................................................................................................................3248.2.7 裝配車(chē)間 ......................................................................................................................338.2.8 機(jī)修車(chē)間 ......................................................................................................................338.2.9 鍋爐房 ..........................................................................................................................348.2.10 工具車(chē)間 ....................................................................................................................358.2.11 生活區(qū) .......................................................................................................................358.3 作為備用電源的高壓聯(lián)絡(luò)線的選擇校驗(yàn) ............................................................................368.3.1 按發(fā)熱條件選擇 ..........................................................................................................368.3.2 校驗(yàn)電壓損耗 ..............................................................................................................368.3.3 短路熱穩(wěn)定校驗(yàn) ..........................................................................................................37第九章 變電所二次回路方案的選擇及繼電保護(hù)的整定 .........................389.1 變電所二次回路方案的選擇 .................................................................................................389.2 變電所的保護(hù)裝置 ................................................................................................................389.2.1 主變壓器的繼電保護(hù)裝置 ..........................................................................................389.2.2 裝設(shè)電流速斷保護(hù) ......................................................................................................399.3 作為備用電源的高壓聯(lián)絡(luò)線的繼電保護(hù)裝置 .....................................................................409.4 變電所低壓側(cè)的保護(hù)裝置 .....................................................................................................40第十章 防雷保護(hù)與接地裝置的設(shè)計(jì) .........................................4110.1 變電所的防雷保護(hù) ...............................................................................................................4110.1.1 直接防雷保護(hù) ...........................................................................................................4110.1.2 雷電侵入波的防護(hù) ...................................................................................................4110.2 變電所公共接地裝置的設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................4110.2.1 接地電阻的要求 ........................................................................................................4110.2.2 接地裝置的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................42論文總結(jié) .................................................................43參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................44