泵體的設(shè)計(jì)及專用夾具的設(shè)計(jì)
泵體的設(shè)計(jì)及專用夾具的設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)計(jì),專用,夾具
目 錄摘 要IIAbstractIII第1章 緒論11.1機(jī)床夾具概述11.1.1機(jī)床夾具11.1.2機(jī)床夾具的功能11.1.3機(jī)床夾具在機(jī)械加工中的作用11.2機(jī)床夾具的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)21.2.1機(jī)床夾具的現(xiàn)狀21.2.2現(xiàn)代機(jī)床夾具的發(fā)展方向3第2章 工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)42.1 零件的分析42.1.1零件的作用42.1.2零件的工藝分析42.2毛壞的選擇42.3工藝路線的擬定42.3.1定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇42.3.2擬定工藝路線52.4加工余量的確定及工序尺寸的計(jì)算62.4.1毛壞余量62.4.2泵體各平面加工工序余量72.4.3內(nèi)孔50H7加工工序余量82.4.4內(nèi)孔42H7加工工序余量8第3章 切削用量及工時(shí)的確定113.1切削用量及機(jī)械加工時(shí)間的計(jì)算113.2輔助時(shí)間的確定23第4章 車30H7孔的夾具設(shè)計(jì)264.1 定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇264.2 定位誤差分析與計(jì)算264.2.1影響加工精度的因素264.2.2 保證加工精度的條件27第5章 鉆3M6孔的夾具設(shè)計(jì)285.1 定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇285.2 定位誤差分析與計(jì)算285.2.1影響加工精度的因素285.2.2 保證加工精度的條件29第6章 結(jié)論30參考文獻(xiàn)31英文翻譯32摘 要在機(jī)械制造的機(jī)械加工、檢驗(yàn)、裝配、焊接和熱處理等冷熱工藝過(guò)程中,使用著大量的夾具,用以安裝加工對(duì)象,使之占有正確的位置,以保證零件和產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量,并提高生產(chǎn)效率。在機(jī)床上加工工件時(shí),為了保證加工精度,必須正確安裝工件,使其相對(duì)機(jī)床切削成形運(yùn)動(dòng)和刀具占有正確的位置,這一過(guò)程稱為“定位”。為了不因受切削力、慣性力、重力等外力作用而破壞工件已定的正確位置,還必須對(duì)其施加一定的夾緊力,這一過(guò)程稱為“夾緊”。定位和夾緊的全過(guò)程稱為“安裝”。在機(jī)床上用來(lái)完成工件安裝任務(wù)的重要工藝裝備,就是各類夾具中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的“機(jī)床夾具”。機(jī)床夾具的種類很多,其中,使用范圍最廣的通用夾具,規(guī)格尺寸多已標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,并且有專業(yè)的工廠進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。而廣泛用于批量生產(chǎn),專為某工件加工工序服務(wù)的專用夾具,則需要各制造廠根據(jù)工件加工工藝自行設(shè)計(jì)制造。因此,專用夾具的設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)重要生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備工作,每一個(gè)從事加工工藝的工裝設(shè)計(jì)人員,都應(yīng)該掌握有關(guān)夾具設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。本設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容是設(shè)計(jì)鉆床夾具,需要對(duì)泵體上30的孔進(jìn)行車削加工及3-M6-7H的螺紋孔進(jìn)行鉆削加工。機(jī)械零件上往往都有各種不同用途和不同精度的孔需要加工。在機(jī)械加工中,孔的加工量所占比例較大,其中鉆頭、擴(kuò)孔鉆、鉸刀等定尺寸刀具加工占相當(dāng)多數(shù)。這時(shí),除了要保證孔的尺寸精度外,還要達(dá)到孔的位置精度要求。在單件小批量生產(chǎn)中,用劃線后找正孔軸線位置方法加工,更因鉆頭剛性差、易變形,因此生產(chǎn)效率低且精度差。在批量生產(chǎn)中一般都采用鉆床夾具,鉆床夾具又稱鉆模,通過(guò)鉆套引導(dǎo)刀具進(jìn)行加工可準(zhǔn)確地確定刀具與工件之間的相對(duì)位置,是鉆模的主要特點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞:機(jī)械制造,通用夾具,專用夾具,鉆床夾具,車床夾具,泵體。 AbstractAt machine manufactures machine-finishing, the examination, the assembly, the welding and the heat treatment and so on the cold hot technological process, are using the massive jigs, with installs the processing object, enables it to hold the correct position, guaranteed that the components and the product quality, and raises the production efficiency. Processes the work piece when the engine bed, to guarantee the working accuracy, must install the work piece correctly, causes its relative engine bed cutting builder motion and the cutting tool holds the correct position, this process is called “the localization”. For because of exogenic processes and so on cutting force, force of inertia, gravity is not destroyed the work piece already the correct position which decides, but must exert certain clamping force to it, this process is called “the clamp”. The localization and the clamp entire process is called “the installment”. Uses for on the engine bed to complete the work piece to install the duty the important craft equipment, is in each kind of jig widely applies “the engine bed jig”.The engine bed jigs type are many, the use scope broadest universal jig, the specification size many have standardized, and has the specialty factory to carry on the production. But widely uses in the volume production, specially unit clamp which serves for some work piece working process, then needs various factories independently to design the manufacture according to the work piece processing craft. Therefore, unit clamps design is an important production preparatory work, each is engaged in the processing craft the work clothes designers, should grasp the related jig design the elementary knowledge.The this designs primary coverage designs the drill jig, needs to the pump body on 30 the hole carries on the lathe work and the 3-M6-7H threaded hole carries on drills truncates the processing. On the machine parts often has each different use and the different precision hole needs to process. In the machine-finishing, the hole process load accounts for the proportion to be big, the drill bit, the reamer, the reamer and so on decide the size cutting tool processing to occupy quite most. By now, besides must guarantee the hole the size precision, but must achieve the hole the position accuracy requirement. In single unit small batch production, after lineation adjusts the hole spool thread position method processing, because the drill bit rigidity bad, easy to distort, therefore the production efficiency is low, and the precision is bad. Uses the drill jig generally in the volume production, the drill jig calls the jig, through drills the set of guidance cutting tool to carry on the processing to be possible to determine accurately between the cutting tool and the work piece relative position, is the jig main feature.Key word: Machine manufacture, universal jig, unit clamp, drill jig, lathe fixture, pump body.第1章 緒論1.1機(jī)床夾具概述1.1.1機(jī)床夾具夾具是一種裝夾工件的工藝裝備,它廣泛地應(yīng)用于機(jī)械制造過(guò)程的切削加工、熱處理、裝配、焊接和檢測(cè)等工藝過(guò)程中。在金屬切削機(jī)床上使用的夾具統(tǒng)稱為機(jī)床夾具。在現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)中,機(jī)床夾具是一種不可缺少的工藝裝備,它直接影響著加工的精度、勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率和產(chǎn)品的制造成本等,幫機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)在企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和制造以及生產(chǎn)技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備中占有極其重要的地位。機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)重要的技術(shù)工作。1.1.2機(jī)床夾具的功能在機(jī)床上用夾具裝夾工件時(shí),其主要功能是使工件定位和夾緊。1機(jī)床夾具的主要功能機(jī)床夾具的主要功能是裝工件,使工件在夾具中定位和夾緊。(1)定位 確定工件在夾具中占有正確位置的過(guò)程。定位是通過(guò)工件定位基準(zhǔn)面與夾具定位元件面接觸或配合實(shí)現(xiàn)的。正確的定位可以保證工件加工的尺寸和位置精度要求。(2)夾緊 工件定位后將其固定,使其在加工過(guò)程中保持定位位置不變的操作。由于工件在加工時(shí),受到各種力的作用,若不將工件固定,則工件會(huì)松動(dòng)、脫落。因此,夾緊為工件提供了安全、可靠的加工條件。2機(jī)床夾具的特殊功能機(jī)床夾具的特殊功能主要是對(duì)刀和導(dǎo)向。(1)對(duì)刀 調(diào)整刀具切削刃相對(duì)工件或夾具的正確位置。如銑床夾具中的對(duì)刀塊,它能迅速地確定銑刀相對(duì)于夾具的正確位置。(2)導(dǎo)向 如鉆床夾具中的鉆模板的鉆套,能迅速地確定鉆頭的位置,并引導(dǎo)其進(jìn)行鉆削。導(dǎo)向元件制成模板形式,故鉆床夾具常稱為鉆模。鏜床夾具(鏜模)也具有導(dǎo)向功能。1.1.3機(jī)床夾具在機(jī)械加工中的作用在機(jī)械加工中,使用機(jī)床夾具的目的主要有以下六個(gè)方面。然而,在不同的生產(chǎn)條件下,應(yīng)該有不同的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。夾具設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)該綜合考慮加工的技術(shù)要求、生產(chǎn)成本和工人操作方面的要求,以達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果。1保證精度 用夾具裝夾工件時(shí),能穩(wěn)定地保證加工精度,并減少對(duì)其它生產(chǎn)條件的依賴性,故在精密加工中廣泛地使用夾具,并且它還是全面質(zhì)量管理的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。夾具能保證加工精度的原因是由于工件在夾具中的位置和夾具對(duì)刀具、機(jī)床的切削成形運(yùn)動(dòng)的位置被確定,所以工件在加工中的正確位置得到保證,從而夾具能滿足工件的加工精度要求。2提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率 使用夾具后,能使工件迅速地定位和夾緊,并能夠顯著地縮短輔助時(shí)間和基本時(shí)間,提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。
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