2019年高考英語一輪總復習 語法專項突破 考點精講 第二節(jié) 形容詞和副詞.doc

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2019年高考英語一輪總復習 語法專項突破 考點精講 第二節(jié) 形容詞和副詞考點一形容詞和副詞的基本用法及比較等級一、形容詞的基本用法1形容詞作定語(1)一般情況下，形容詞作定語放在被修飾詞前。但在下列情況下，形容詞要放在被修飾詞的后面。形容詞作定語修飾some，any，every，no和body, thing，one等構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞時，需后置。Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. 鮑勃，有什么不對嗎？你看上去悶悶不樂。Oh, nothing much. In fact, I was just thinking of my friends. 噢，沒什么，其實我只是在想念我的朋友們。以able或ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于前有形容詞最高級或only等詞修飾的名詞后面。This is the only solution possible. 這是唯一可行的解決方法。(2)有些形容詞作前置定語和后置定語意義不同。the present people 現(xiàn)在的人們；the people present 在場的人們the absent students心不在焉的學生；the students absent 缺席的學生the concerned teachers 憂心忡忡的老師們；the teachers concerned(與)有關(guān)的老師們(3)多個形容詞作定語的排列順序。請記住以下口訣：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍出材料，用途類別往后靠。all these last few days 最近的這些日子some beautiful little red flowers一些美麗的小紅花an old brown woolen carpet一件舊的棕色羊毛地毯2形容詞作狀語形容詞作狀語時表示伴隨或結(jié)果，并不表示動作的方式。He returned home after the heavy work，cold and hungry.勞累了一天后他回到了家，又冷又餓。3復合形容詞的構(gòu)成形式復合形容詞是由兩個或兩個以上的單詞通過連字符的連接而合成的形容詞。kindhearted 好心的；Englishspeaking 講英語的；hardworking 勤勞的二、表語形容詞表語形容詞常作表語或后置定語。常見的表語形容詞有：afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike，ashamed, well, sorry, unable, worth, sure等。The baby asleep might be awake very soon.正在睡覺的嬰兒可能很快就會醒來。三、副詞的基本用法1修飾形容詞或其他副詞，一般位于被修飾詞之前。但enough需放在所修飾詞之后。Students brave enough to take the adventure course will learn a lot of useful skills.足夠勇敢參加這次探險的學生會學到很多有用的技能。2so/as/that/too/how/that修飾形容詞加名詞時的順序：so/as/too/how/thatadj.a/ann.。It is too difficult a job for me to finish in so short a time. 在如此短的時間內(nèi)完成工作對我來說太難了。3表示時間頻度的副詞always，often，usually，never等多放在行為動詞前，系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后。My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.在我選擇職業(yè)時父母總是鼓勵我。4有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語。Unfortunately, the real world never behaves so perfectly. 不幸的是， 現(xiàn)實世界從來不會表現(xiàn)得如此完美。5can not/never與enough或too連用表示“無論怎樣都不過分”。I cant stress enough the importance of physical exercises.怎么強調(diào)體育鍛煉的重要性都不為過。四、形容詞和副詞的比較等級1比較等級的常見句型：(1)兩者比較，用“比較級 than”表示。You look much younger than I do.你看上去比我年輕多了。(2)“比較級 and 比較級”表示“越來越”。With summer ing, the day is being longer and longer.隨著夏天的到來，白天變得越來越長。(3)“the 比較級，the 比較級”意為“越，就越”。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔細，犯的錯誤就越少。(4)“the 比較級 n. of the two名詞”表示“兩者之間較的那個”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.那兩個男孩中較高的那個是我弟弟。(5)“a(n) 比較級 n”表示“一個更的”。The story is not very interesting. I will tell you a more interesting one.這個故事不太有趣，我會給你講一個更有趣的故事。(6)as原級adj./adv.as .表示“和一樣”。John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.約翰如果踢足球不比大衛(wèi)好，至少和他踢得一樣好。(7)not as/so原級adj./adv.as .表示“不如”。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.這工作沒有你想象的那么難。2表示倍數(shù)的三種句型：(1)倍數(shù)as原級adj./adv.as .(2)倍數(shù)the size /length/width/depth/height of .(3)倍數(shù)比較級than.The building is three times as high as that one.The building is three times the height of that one.The building is twice higher than that one.這座大樓是那座的三倍高。3否定詞比較級 最高級I have never seen a better film. 我從未看過比這更精彩的影片(這是我看過的最精彩的影片)。4most前有定冠詞時為最高級，但most前無定冠詞時沒有比較的含義，只是用來加強語氣，有“很，非常”之意。This lesson is most difficult, but it isnt the most difficult.這課很難，但并不是最難的。5比較等級前常用的修飾語：a little，a bit，slightly，much，a lot，a great deal，any，far, by far，even，still等。After two years research, we now have a far better understanding of the disease.經(jīng)過兩年的研究，我們現(xiàn)在對這種疾病有了更進一步的了解?？键c二形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析近些年對形容詞、副詞的考查以詞義辨析為主，平常要多注意一些常見的形容詞、副詞的詞義及用法，詞義辨析重在積累。下面是常見的幾組形容詞、副詞(短語)的詞義辨析。1too much，much tootoo much 中心詞是much，其用法相當于much的用法。后面常跟不可數(shù)名詞，或不跟任何詞，意思是“太多的”或“太”。too是用來加強much語氣的。much too中心詞是too，其用法相當于too的用法。后常跟形容詞或副詞，意思是“非常，太”。much是用來加強too的語氣的。The teacher gave us too much homework today. 今天老師給我們留的作業(yè)太多了。It is much too hot in some provinces this year.今年幾個省的天氣太熱了。2fairly，quite，rather，pretty，veryfairly語氣最輕，往往不帶明顯的感情色彩，通常意為“還算”。quite語氣比fairly稍重，意為“相當”；只有quite可以與不表程度的形容詞連用，意為“完全地”。rather/pretty語氣比quite稍重，意為“十分，相當”，pretty不如rather正式。只有rather可以與比較級或too連用。very語氣最重，意為“很，非?！?。Apart from some spelling mistakes, the position is fairly good. 除了一些拼寫錯誤， 這篇文章寫得還算不錯。I think that it seems quite impossible. 我覺得這似乎完全不可能。He spoke rather too quickly for me to understand. 他說得有些太快了， 我聽不懂。Hes a pretty good student, but sports are where he really shines.他是個很好的學生， 可體育運動才是他真正出色之處。3幾組意義不同的同根副詞 close 接近地；closely 仔細地 hard 努力地；hardly 幾乎不 late 晚；lately 最近 most 非常；mostly 主要地 deep 深；deeply 深深地 high 高；highly 高度地 wide 寬闊地；widely 廣泛地 slow 慢；slowly 慢慢地He has been working late. 他一直工作到很晚。I havent seen him lately. 我最近沒見他。(對應學生用書第232頁).用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空1Jack regretted forgetting to bring along candles and had to wait _(helpful) in a low mood.2Although he was a great genius，he suffered _(great)3The _(bad) time to fall asleep when driving.4Some researchers said that Mozarts music would make you much _(smart)5I bought her a bouquet of _(colour) sunflowers and taped the envelope to it.6Knowledge，no matter how broad，is _(use) unless it is applied.7The _(busy) time is around spring Festival，because many people go back to their hometowns for family reunions.8I reached the cinema _(hurry)9Imagine how _(surprise) he was!10It is _(possible) for chickens to fly in the sky.11Because we had never seen such a kind of _(usual) notice in a plane before，we were a little surprised.12Steve was brave enough to think _(difference)，bold enough to believe he could change the world，and _(talent) enough to do it.13Arriving there，he was impressed by its _(beauty) scenery and tall buildings.14English is _(wide) used in governments，markets，service centers and other fields.15Forgiveness is _(great) than revenge.16More and more people like to listen to _(classic) music.17Now I have make such great progress in my English surely that I am _(interest) in learning it than before.18Being friendly and polite will make people _(fort) when they talk to you.19A mumber of psychologists have conducted experiment and have reached some _(surprise) conclusions.20God bless you for helping me and _(unselfish) serving others.【答案】1.helplessly2.greatly3.worst4smarter5.colourful6.useless7.busiest8hurriedly9.surprised10.impossible11unusual12.differently；talented13.beautiful14widely15.greater16.classical17.more interested18fortable19.surprising20.unselfishly.語法填空填入一個適當?shù)脑~或用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空。(以形容詞和副詞為主)When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport，workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes _1_ contained clothing.No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was _2_(extreme) heavy.It suddenly _3_(occur) to one of the workers to open up the box.He was _4_(astonish) at what he found.A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of _5_ (wool) goods.He was _6_ surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.After he was arrested，the man admitted _7_(hide) in the box before the plane left London.He had had a long and _8_(fort) trip，for he had been confined(關(guān)在)to the _9_(wood)box for over eighteen hours.The man was ordered to pay 3，500 for the cost of the trip，which was _10_ expensive than the normal price，which only cost 2，000.【語篇理解】本文講一個人為少付機票錢而躲在木箱子里長達18個小時，到達后被發(fā)現(xiàn)后卻被罰了比買機票多得多的錢。1which引導定語從句并在定語從句中作主語，先行詞是物，用which。2extremely修飾形容詞heavy，用副詞形式。3occurred此句缺謂語，由上下文可知是敘述過去的事，用一般過去時。4astonished作表語要用形容詞；表示“感到驚訝”，用ed形容詞。5woolen作定語用形容詞形式，woolen表示“羊毛制的”。6so修飾形容詞要用副詞，由后文的that可知，填so，構(gòu)成so.that.句型。7hiding因admit后要求用doing作賓語。8unfortable在名詞trip前作定語，要用形容詞；由長時間躺在箱子里可知，旅途是“不舒適的”，故填unfortable。9wooden形容詞作定語，wooden表示“木制的”。10more由than可知前面的形容詞要用比較級，故填more。