2019-2020年八年級英語下冊 Module 5 Problems知識詳解 外研版.doc

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2019-2020年八年級英語下冊 Module 5 Problems知識詳解 外研版 【同步教育信息】 一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容： Module 5 Problems 二. 重點內(nèi)容： If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 三. 具體內(nèi)容： Module 5 Problems （一）語法詳解 條件狀語從句 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if，由 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示我們不知目前的實際情況如何，但卻只要某種條件成立，則必然有預(yù)期的結(jié)果。 If從句用現(xiàn)在式動詞，主句則要用現(xiàn)在式的助動詞加動詞原形動詞。 If...+現(xiàn)在時動詞……，主語++原形動詞 本模塊主要學(xué)習(xí)if條件句主句用將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，簡稱“主將從現(xiàn)”如： If you ask him，he will help you. 如果你請他幫忙，他會幫你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down. 如果你考試不及格，你會讓他失望的。 那么，除了if之外，是否還有其他連詞也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句呢？回答是肯定的，不僅有，還有很多。這些詞由于出現(xiàn)的頻率較小，且用法較復(fù)雜一些，所以不如if為大家所熟知罷了。unless, on condition（that），supposing，provided等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主從句條件關(guān)系分明，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，但有些句子，雖沒有含條件關(guān)系的連詞，卻也隱含著條件關(guān)系，這些句子常用一些詞，如：but for，without等引出一個介詞結(jié)構(gòu)來表示條件，條件常常是虛擬的，或與事實相反的假設(shè)。 （二）知識點詳解 1. Writing a problem page for a magazine. 為雜志寫一份問題專欄。 辨析：problem 與 question的區(qū)別 二者都有“問題”的意思，但用法略有不同。problem 通常指等待解決或決定的問題，尤其比較困難的問題。例如： It is a problem how to make both ends meet. 如何使收支平衡，那是個問題。 I can’t work out this maths problem. 我做不出這道數(shù)學(xué)難題。 question通常指因?qū)δ呈乱苫蟛唤?，而提出問題。例如： This questionis too difficult to answer. 這個問題太難，不能回答。 2. Tonny is spending too much time in playing his guitar. 托尼花費太多的時間彈奏吉他。 ① spend+名詞+on（for）+名詞 He spent all his saving on a new car .他將全部積蓄花在一輛新車上。 ② spend+名詞+（in）+doing+名詞（口語中常省略in） I spent the summer vacation（in）reading and fishing . 看看書、釣釣魚度過暑假。 ③ spend+名詞“用盡、耗盡”（力氣等） I spent all my energy on that job . 那份工作耗盡了我全部的精力。 ④ spending money＝pocket money 零用錢 知識拓展：掌握spend與take，cost，pay的區(qū)別 （1）Sb. spend some time／money on sth. ／in doing sth . 某人花費時間或金錢在某事或做某事（spend主語一定是人稱代詞，用于花時間或金錢） （2）It takes somebody some time／some money to do something . 做某事花費某人時間 （It是take的形式主語，真正主語為不定式，take用于花費時間或金錢） It took me three hours to finish my work . 完成作業(yè)花費了我三個小時。 =It took three hours for me to finish my work. It took him a lot of money to buy her a fur coat . 他給她買一件皮外套花了很多錢。 =It took a lot of money for him to buy her a fur coat . （3）cost vt. 花費、要價（不可用被動語態(tài)，物作主語） cost+名詞 This jacket cost 200 dollars.這件夾克價值200美元。 cost+名詞（人）+名詞 It will cost you 500 dollars to repair the car . （4）pay vi .& vt . 支付、付款給（某人）（人稱代詞作主語） She paid the driver and got out of the taxi. 她付錢給司機后下了出租車。 I paid 200 dollars for this watch. 我花了200美元買這塊手表。 3. Rather you than me. 寧愿是你而不是我。 rather … than 寧可，而不／與其說……不如說 I am rather bored than tired. 我與其說疲憊不如說厭倦。 would rather do … than do 寧可……不愿 I would rather stay at home than go out. 我寧可待在家里，不想出去。 知識拓展：rather，fairly的區(qū)別 二者都有“相當(dāng)”的意思，但用法有所不同。fairly用于表示愉快或滿意的場合。 試比較： It is fairly warm today. 今天相當(dāng)暖和。（暖和的程度令人滿意） It is rather cold this morning. 今晨相當(dāng)冷。（令人不滿意） rather可以與too連用，而fairly不能接too。例如： The book is rather too easy. 這本書過于容易。 4. And if I play well，I’ll play the solo during the Star search concert. 并且如果我演奏得好，在搜索新星的音樂會上我將上演獨奏。 solo n. 獨奏、獨唱 play a flute solo獨奏長笛 solo adv. 用法：動詞+solo dance solo獨舞 sing solo獨唱 perform solo單獨表演 5. warn+名詞（人）+（not）to do警告某人不要做某事 The doctor warned me not to drink. 醫(yī)生告誡我不要喝酒。 =The doctor warned me against drinking. 知識拓展：advise忠告 urge力勸 remend 勸告、推薦 advise 忠告 admonish 告誡、訓(xùn)誡 caution 警告 warn 警告 6. You mean alone in front of everyone. 你的意思是獨自一人在大家面前。 ① alone adv. & adj. 獨自的、單獨的 He lives alone in an department. 他獨自住在公寓里。 Mr Green has been alone since his wife died. 自從格林先生的妻子死后，他就獨自一人。 ② alone僅僅、只有（置于名詞、代詞之后） She alone was able to answer the question. 只有她能回答這個問題。 You can’t live on meat alone. Eat more vegetable. 你不能單靠吃肉生活，多吃點蔬菜吧。 知識拓展：掌握alone與lonely的區(qū)別 作為形容詞用alone，lonely都有“孤獨的”，“單獨的”意思。但alone是表語形容詞，只能作表語用。lonely除了有“孤獨的”意思外，還有“寂寞的”意思。另外說明特點時還有“人跡稀少的”，“荒涼的”意思。例如： Though I am alone，I am not lonely. 雖然我孤獨一人，但我并不感到寂寞。 He was taken to a lonely house. 他被帶到一個荒無人煙的房子內(nèi)。 He is alone man. 他是一個孤獨的人。 He doesn’t feel lonely when he is left alone. 當(dāng)他一人被留下時，他不感到孤獨。 7. And then one of us plays a solo of some Irish dance music at the end of the Star search concert. 然后在搜索新星音樂會結(jié)尾部分，我們中的一人獨奏愛爾蘭舞音樂。 at the end of 在……末端 例如：at the end of the week 在周末 知識拓展：at the end of，to the end，in the end與by the end to the end的意思是“到最后”例如： He held out to the end. 他堅持到底。 in the end意思是“最后、結(jié)局”，表示經(jīng)過許多變化或周折，最后發(fā)生了某事。例如： We made several different plans for our holiday，but in the end we had a summer camp again. 我們制定了好幾種不同的度假方案，但最后我們還是選定了再來一次夏令營活動。 by the end+過去的時間／未來的時間 例如： By the end of last term “到上學(xué)期期末之前”+過去完成時 By the end of next month“到下個月底之前”+將來時 By the end of last term we had done five experiments. 到上學(xué)期期末之前，我們已經(jīng)作了五個試驗。 8. Our music teacher will choose the best player during our final practice. 在我們最后練習(xí)期，我們音樂教師會挑選最好的樂手。 practice指為達到熟練，反復(fù)地去做某事。例如：Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 知識拓展：drill，exercise，practice的辨析 它們作為名詞，都有“練習(xí)”的意思。但含義有所不同。drill指課堂上或軍隊中系統(tǒng)的、嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練；exercise指為提高業(yè)務(wù)水平或技能的必要的練習(xí)。例如： Now，let’s do pattern drills. 現(xiàn)在讓我們做句型練習(xí)。 The soldiers were at drill in the playground. 士兵們在操場上操練。 To improve our English，we do exercises every day. 為了提高英語水平，我們每天做練習(xí)。 條件狀語從句 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if，由 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示我們不知目前的實際情況如何，但卻知只要某種條件成立，則必然有預(yù)期的結(jié)果。 If從句用現(xiàn)在式動詞，主句則要用現(xiàn)在式的助動詞加動詞原形動詞。 If...+現(xiàn)在時動詞……，主語++ 原形動詞 本模塊主要學(xué)習(xí)if條件句主句用將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，簡稱“主將從現(xiàn)”如： If you ask him，he will help you. 如果你請他幫忙，他會幫你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down. 如果你考試不及格，你會讓他失望的。 那么，除了if之外，是否還有其他連詞也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句呢?回答是肯定的，不僅有，還有很多。這些詞由于出現(xiàn)的頻率較小，且用法較復(fù)雜一些，所以不如if為大家所熟知罷了。unless，on condition（that），supposing，provided等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主從句條件關(guān)系分明，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，但有些句子，雖沒有含條件關(guān)系的連詞，卻也隱含著條件關(guān)系，這些句子常用一些詞，如：but for，without等引出一個介詞結(jié)構(gòu)來表示條件，條件常常是虛擬的，或與事實相反的假設(shè)。 【模擬試題】 一. 單項選擇 （ ）1. With the new bridge, life in this town will bee more ________. A. useful B. boring C. serious D. convenient （ ）2. A: Oh, no! I ________ my cell phone on the train. B: Let’s call the station and ask if anyone has found it. A. broke B. carried C. left D. used （ ）3. There are some dangerous fishes in the river, and I’ve warned Jack __________ here. A. not to swim B. to not swim C. swim not to D. to swim not（ ）4. Millions of Beijing citizens are learning to _________English for the xx Olympic Game. A. tell B. speak C. say D. talk （ ）5. The xx Special Olympic Games _________ in Shanghai. A. will hold B. will be held C. were held D. held （ ）6. Obey the traffic rules and learn to protect yourself, _________is more important than life. A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything （ ）7. —Would you mind watering the flowers for me? —_________. I have to go to the post office. A. Not at all B. Never mind C. No, please D. Sorry, I can’t. （ ）8. —Did you have any problems in London? —Yes, _________Chinese food like rice, noodles and dumplings. 　　　　　A. find B. found C. finding D. to find （ ）9. I bought CDs for my friend and they ________ me $ 30. A. spent B. paid C. cost D. used （ ）10. I want to know _________the day after tomorrow. A. what he will do B. what will he do C. what he did D. what did he do （ ）11.—Would you like to go to the concert with me? —I’d love to, ________I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. so D. and （ ）12. —May I go surfing alone this afternoon, dad? —No, you__________. It’s dangerous. A. may not B. can’t C. needn’t D. don’t （ ）13. —Which is more useful, biology or chemistry? — I think _________ them are useful. A. either of B. none of C. both of D. all of （ ）14. Jack likes to ________ others but never writes to them. A. hear B. hear of C. hear about D. hear from （ ）15. It’s a _________ to treat the animals like that. A. shame B. problem C. pity D. question （ ）16. Call the taxi, _________ you will miss the train. A. and B. though C. because D. or （ ）17. We’ll go for a picnic if it _________ tomorrow. A. isn’t going to rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. isn’t rain （ ）18. As soon as we got to the airport , we found that the plane_______ A. had already taken off B. already took off C. was already taking off D. was already taken off （ ）19. Mary realized she _______. A. was made fun of（取笑） B. was made fun C. was being made fun of D. was being made fun （ ）20. Andrew spends long hours studying every night. He is a（n）_______student. A. hard-working B. honest C. lucky D. polite 二. 完型填空 English names and Chinese names are quite different in some ___1___ ways, but it’s not hard for us to know. Unlike Chinese, most English people have ___2__ names. One is their family name, both of the other names are given names. Their family name is___3___the given name. They use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the ___4___ name, but they never use___5___first name. For example, we can___6___ a man named James Allan Green Mr Green, ___7___we can’t call him Mr James or Mr Allan. People usually use Jim ___8___ James. Jim is short for James because it’s ___9___to remember. But Chinese names are the opposite. A girl with the name Han Limei __10__ her family name Han first. Of course, she can be called Ah Mei for short in China if you wish. （ ）1. A. another B. other C. others D. the others （ ）2. A. one B. two C. three D. four （ ）3. A. above B. front C. back D. behind （ ）4. A. last B. given C. middle D. full （ ）5. A. their B. them C. its D. it （ ）6. A. ask B. say C. call D. write （ ）7. A. so B. or C. and D. but （ ）8. A. instead of B. for long C. so far D. next to （ ）9. A. important B. easy C. difficult D. interesting （ ）10. A. put B. putting C. puts D. was put ? 三. 閱讀理解 A Have you wondered what David Beckham will do when he stops playing? He already has a good plan for his life. The 31-year-old star opened his football school, David Beckham Academy （學(xué)校）in London. It’s the largest sporting facility（設(shè)施）of its kind in Europe and will provide football training for up to 15,000 children a year. It has two full-size football field, classroom, a dining hall and medical facilities for boys and girls between the age of 8 and 15. Beckham hopes the academy will produce future professional footballers, but he also says that it is just for fun and for the children to enjoy themselves. However, Beckham still decides to continue playing at the highest level in the near future. “ This school is for my future, for after I finish playing. I will e here as much as I can when I get a break, but the most important thing is my playing career,” he said. “ I want to play as long as my legs can take me. I don’t want to stop playing, but if it es to a point where I can’t do it at the top level any more, then I will stop. But for me, I want to keep playing for Real Madrid and keep playing for England as long as I can.” （ ）1. Who can go to Beckham’s football school if possible. A. Linda,20,works in a children’s hospital. B. Carl, 6,likes playing football with other children C. Mike, 16 ,a football lover D. Julia,10,shows an interest in sport （ ）2. Beckham’s football school A. has 30 football stars B. can train more than ten thousand children a year C. has many football fields and other facilities D. Is sure to produce top footballers （ ）3. The Underline ‘it’ means A. playing football’ B. teaching in school C. taking part in the match D. walking with my legs （ ）4. Which question isn’t mentioned in the passage? A. How old is David Beckham B. Why did Beckham open the school C. How many children are there in his school now D. What’s the most important to Beckham （ ）5. What purpose（目的）does Beckham open the football school? A. the academy will produce future professional footballers B. After Beckham finish playing, he will e here to get a break. C. The academy is just for fun and for the children to enjoy themselves. D. All of the above B To: Aggie@yahoo. From: Joe@heinfo. net Subject. Help! Date:21/06/xx 19:02 AM Dear Aunt Aggie, I’m having a problem with my classmate, Rena, at school. The other day I wrote an email to another classmate, Beth, in which I said some things about Rena that perhaps weren’t very nice. Unluckily, when Beth was writing back to me, she accidentally forwarded（無意間轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)）the message to Rena! Now Rena is really angry with me and won’t talk to me, and Beth is unhappy as well. She’ s said sorry to me a hundred times already, but the harm is done. I feel bad, because I never would have said those things to Rena’s face, but how do I get her to forgive（原諒）me? What should I do? Joe To: joe @ heinfo. net From: Aggie @ yahoo. Subject: Some advice Date:22/06/xx 10:45 AM Dear Joe, This problem is more mon than you might think! Email is very useful, but also very dangerous, as you don’t know where your message might end up! First of all, you should say sorry right away to Rena. Explain that it was a mistake, and that you didn’t mean to hurt her feelings. It may take time for her to be able to forgive you, but that’ s up to her. Then you might want to do something nice for her. Perhaps send her some flowers to show that you’re truly sorry. Also, you should remember that old saying : “ If you don’t have anything nice to say, don’t say anything at all. ” And good luck! Aggie （ ）1. What is Joe’s problem in the first email? A. Joe made Rena unhappy and he felt very sad. B. Joe’ s classmate, Rena, sent Beth an email and made her unhappy. C. Joe received a wrong email from Rena and became angry. D. Joe’s friend, Beth, is unhappy because Joe sent her an angry email. （ ）2. After Rena’s feelings got hurt, what did Joe do.’? A. He emailed her and said sorry. B. He asked Beth what he should do. C. He emailed Aunt Aggie for help. D. He said sorry to Rena face to face. （ ）3. What does the underlined sentence mean in the second email? It means “ ”. A. because you don’t know who the email is for B. because you can never know who will get your email at last C. because you don’t know where your email was written D. because you never know where the message is from （ ）4. What advice did Aggie give Joe? A. Joe, Beth and Rena should have a talk together. B. Joe should wait for some time before saying sorry to Rena. C. Joe should ask Beth to explain（解釋）that to Rena. D. Joe should say sorry to Rena and then send her some flowers. （ ）5. From the emails, we know that A. Joe, Rena and Beth study at different schools B. Beth didn’t forward the message to Rena C. Joe has said sorry to Rena many times already D. Rena hasn’t forgiven Joe yet 四. 補全對話 （A） A. I forgot that. B. Of course, you do. C. Go upstairs and go to bed. .D I won’t.. E. That’s a good idea. F. I like to go fishing with Grandpa. G. Do I have to? A: Mary, it’ s your bed time._______________ B: Oh, Mum! _____________________ It’s Friday evening and it’s .still early. A: Yes. Tomorrow we have to get up early to catch the train to your grandpa’s. B: _________________OK , I’ll go to bed right now. Oh, Mum, do I have to brush my teeth before I go to sleep? A: ______________________ And don’t forget to open the bedroom window. B: __________________________Good night, Mum ! A : Good night. （B） A: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the airport? B: Certainly. Go down this street, and take a No. 11 bus. A: _________________________________? B: It’s about three kilometers away from here. A: Thanks.（Now A is in the airport, and wants to get two tickets. ） C: Can I help you, sir? A: Yes, please. I’d like two tickets to London. C. Ok. ____________________? A: On the 8th of next month. C: The 8th, July ? Let me see. Mm Sorry, we don’t have any planes to London on that day. B: The 9th of July? That’s OK. What’s the flight number? C: It’s CA 767. A: CA 767. C: Er, it leaves Beijing at 15:30. A: I see. C: 5200 yuan. 五. 完成句子 1. 我父親警告過我不要使用他的電腦玩游戲，因為他用電腦工作。 My father ________ _________ me not to use his puter for playing games because he uses it for his job. 2. 如果你告訴他真相，你會證明你是多么誠實。 If you _________ him the __________ , you’ll prove how honest you are. 3. 你的胃痛并不令人驚訝，畢竟你吃得太多。 It’s not surprising you’ve got stomachache. ________ __________,you’ve eaten too much. 4. 李琳打破了學(xué)校記錄，我們?yōu)樗院馈? Li Lin broke the school record, we are _______ _________him. 5. 出乎所有人的意料，那個計劃竟然取得了成功。 To _______ ________ , the plan succeeded. 六. 綜合填空 In sports, numbers tell the n_________ of the players to scorers（得分手）or other players, and sometimes also s________ their position（位置）. Some numbers have more important meaning. In soccer, goalkeeper generally w________ the No. 1 shirt. Defenders（守門員）often wear numbers b 2 and 6. Midfielders wear numbers 4,6,7,8,10 and 11. Strikers（前鋒）u_______ wear 9 and 10. England’s Wayne Rooney wears No 9 in the world. In basketball , NBA teams often retire（~it~t~ ; l~J~J）the numbers of their greatest a________ most talented play- ers . Retiring a number is an honor to the p_________ who wore it. This m________ no other player on the team is able to use that number in the future. When Michael Jordan retired from basketball the first time , in 1993,the Chicago Bulls retired his number23. Out of respect for the h______ , the Miami Heat team also retires No 23 in xx, even t_______ he had never played for that team. 七. 書面表達 根據(jù)中文提示和英文書信的內(nèi)容，寫一封意思連貫、符合邏輯、不少于80詞的回信。假設(shè)你叫李玲，是英國中學(xué)生李玲的筆友，你收到了她的郵件。請根據(jù)她來信的內(nèi)容寫一封回信。針對她的困惑，談?wù)勀愕目捶?，同時提出一些建議，告訴她能干什么，不能干什么。 Dear Li Ling, These days Tom Cruise, the film star, always es into my mind. I think of him night and day. I just sit in my room and watch videos of his films again and again. I’ve written hundreds of letters to him and sent E-mail to his fan club , but all I get back are only photos with his names on them. I dream that some day I’ll meet him and that he’ i1 feel the same way about me. I don’t want to learn my lessons any more , and I’11 have final exams next month. I’m thinking of running away to Hollywood to meet him. Can you help me with the problem? Yours Lucy Hi Lucy， Nice to hear from you ______________________________________________________ 【試題答案】 五. 完成句子 1. has warned 2. tell；truth 3. After all 4. proud of 5. everyone’s surprise 六. 綜合填空 1. names 2. show 3. wear 4. between 5. usually 6. and 7. player 8. means 9. hero 10. though 七. 書面表達 One possible version: Hi, Lucy, Nice to hear from you. Everyone has his favorite stars and there’s nothing wrong with that. I understand you. I don’t think what you do is right since you are a student. You’d better read more interesting books and have more sports in your free time. Stop writing to him and watching his films. You may also tell your problem to your parents and teachers. I’m sure they’ll help you. Running away to Hollywood is a wrong idea. Work hard on your lessons and get ready for exams. Your future is in your hands. Yours, Li Ling 【勵志故事】 上帝沒有輕看卑微 　　一位父親帶著兒子去參觀凡高故居，在看過那張小木床及裂了口的皮鞋之后，兒子問父親：“凡高不是位百萬富翁嗎？”父親答：“凡高是位連妻子都沒娶上的窮人?！钡诙?，這位父親帶兒子去丹麥，在安徒生的故居前，兒子又困惑地問：“爸爸，安徒生不是生活在皇宮里嗎？”父親答：“安徒生是位鞋匠的兒子，他就生活在這棟閣樓里。”這位父親是一個水手，他每年往來于大西洋各個港口，這位兒子叫伊東?布拉格，是美國歷史上第一位獲普利策獎的黑人記者，20年后，在回憶童年時，他說：“那時我們家很窮，父母都靠做苦力為生。有很長一段時間，我一直認(rèn)為像我們這樣地位卑微的黑人是不可能有什么出息的。好在父親讓我認(rèn)識了凡高和安徒生，這兩個人告訴我，上帝沒有輕看卑微。” 　　原來，很多時候，是出身卑微的人自己看低了自己。