2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 第13章 名詞性從句.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 第13章 名詞性從句第一節(jié) 真題精析1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. 【04全國(guó)】A. this B. that C. it D. one 2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree. 【04全國(guó)】A. why B. where C. what D. how 3. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _they insist on going by motor-bike. 【04全國(guó)】A. why B. whether C. when D. how4. I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. 【04湖南卷】 A. which B. why C. what D. how5. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to. 【04廣東卷】A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom7. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their children6s future. 【04廣東卷】A. that B. howC. such D. so7. A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago. 【04天津卷】A. what B. which C. that D. where8. After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. 【04上海卷】A. where B. what C. that D. how9. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. 【04上海卷】A. when B. where C. what D. that10.The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides will work towardspeace.”【04北京】A.This is B. There isC.That is D. It is11.We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. 【04北京】A.thatB. asC.why D. when12It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today . 【xx上海】Athat Bwhen Cwhat Dhow13There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need . 【xx上?！緼that to be improved Bwhich to be improved Cwhereimproving Dwhenimproving 14.Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is not ever. 【xx上?！緼. that B. which C. of which D. what15. be sent to work there? 【xx上海】A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should16. Perseverance is a kind of qualityand thats it takes to do anything well. 【xx上?！緼. what B. that C. which D. why17. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady. 【xx上?！緼. might B. need C. should D. would18. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. 【xx上?！緼. while B. that C. when D. as19. A puter can only do _ you have instructed it to do. 【NMETxx】 A. how B. after C. what D. when 20. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. 【NMET1997】 A. howeverB. whatever C. whichever D. Whenever21. Do you remember _ he came? 【MET1994】 Yes, I do, he came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. if22. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 【NMET1996】 A. If B. Whether C. ThatD. Where23. _we cant get seems better thanwe have. 【NMET1996】A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what245. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 【NMET1995】 A. There B. This C. ThatD. It25. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that_ you had a few days off? 【NMETxx】A. why B. when C. whatD. where【答案與解析】1. C 該題是考查賓語(yǔ)從句中形式賓語(yǔ)的用法。在enjoy, hate, like, love等表示“喜怒哀樂(lè)”的詞和take等此后若跟賓語(yǔ)從句需用形式賓語(yǔ)it，把真正的賓語(yǔ)放后。題意：我喜歡秋天晴朗明亮的天氣。又如：I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（xx） A it Bthat Cthose Dthem2. B 該題是考查名詞性從句中的表語(yǔ)從句的用法。據(jù)題意：你一直說(shuō)人人平等，這就是我不能茍同之處。此處是指的everyone should be equal這句話這一點(diǎn)，我不能茍同。故選where。3. A 該題根據(jù)交際情景考查名詞性從句的用法。根據(jù)前面“路為雪覆蓋”和后面“他們騎摩托”得知此處應(yīng)當(dāng)是因果關(guān)系，故選擇why。表示我不解的原因。句意：路上都是雪。我不明白他們?yōu)槭裁磮?jiān)持騎摩托車(chē)去。4. C 該題考查名詞性從句。關(guān)聯(lián)詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故選what。句意：我認(rèn)為父親想知道我迄今在忙什么；因此我決定給他寄一個(gè)快箋。5. B該題根據(jù)交際情景考查名詞性從句的用法。it是形式主語(yǔ)，后面是主語(yǔ)從句因此用陳述句語(yǔ)序。選擇B最佳。句意：我一直誠(chéng)實(shí)坦率，我和誰(shuí)說(shuō)話并不重要。6. B該題根據(jù)交際情景考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法。關(guān)鍵詞是important需要副詞how修飾。由how important引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：要教會(huì)父母懂得教育對(duì)孩子的未來(lái)是多么重要。7. A該題根據(jù)交際情景考查名詞性的用法。根據(jù)題目此處作in的介詞賓語(yǔ)，在從句中作主語(yǔ)故選what。句意：在10年前還是廢墟的地方，一座現(xiàn)代化的城市拔地而起。8. B 考查名詞性從句的用法。這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，首先是一個(gè)由after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在主句中又包含一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在主語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，因此，用what。句意：楊利偉成功環(huán)繞地球后，我們的宇航員期望的是太空漫步。9. D 考查名詞性從句的用法。本句是一個(gè)含有同位語(yǔ)從句的句子，story與that從句是一種同位關(guān)系，也就是說(shuō)，that從句說(shuō)明story的內(nèi)容，因此D正確。10.D 該題考查主語(yǔ)從句中形式主語(yǔ)的用法。為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，用形式主語(yǔ)it代替，把真正主語(yǔ)放在句子后面。句意：那位外長(zhǎng)說(shuō)：“我們希望雙方向好的方向努力。”11. C 該題考查名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法。據(jù)題意：我沒(méi)想不出為什么大量的昆蟲(chóng)、鳥(niǎo)和動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕。此處是表示原因。12.C 考查名詞性從句，It在句中作形式主語(yǔ)代替后面的主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中又缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)選擇連接代詞，既起連接作用，又擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分，因此選擇C。句意：現(xiàn)在已相當(dāng)清楚是什么在控制著二氧化碳初入大氣的流動(dòng)。13.A 考查名詞性從句與動(dòng)詞need。a new problem與road conditions need是一種同位關(guān)系；improve與road condition之間是一個(gè)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此need如果后接不定式應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如接動(dòng)名詞應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意思，A為正確答案。14.A 考查名詞性從句，在此句中從句與feeling形成一種同位關(guān)系，說(shuō)明feeling所包含的內(nèi)容，that為正確答案。15.A 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法，從以下兩點(diǎn)來(lái)考慮（1）suggest后接的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞用原形或should+動(dòng)詞原形（2）suggest后接賓語(yǔ)從句，其疑問(wèn)和否定形式前移到主句。16.A 考查名詞性從句，Thats后面的部分是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，所選擇的連接詞在表語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，因此選擇連接代詞what。17.C 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用。Imagine的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。18.B. 考查名詞性從句連接詞的用法。information與that more middle school graduates will be admitted into the universities是一種同位關(guān)系，后者說(shuō)明前者所包含的內(nèi)容與信息。that只起連接作用，不能省略。19C 該題考賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞的用法。從題干中“to do”后缺賓語(yǔ)來(lái)判斷，所填的詞一定同時(shí)滿(mǎn)足兩個(gè)條件：引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句（作“can only do”的賓語(yǔ)）；本身充當(dāng)“to do”后的賓語(yǔ)，所以用what。句意：計(jì)算機(jī)只能按人們的指令去做事。20 B 該題考查由whatever引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵詞是give 和want，give要接雙賓語(yǔ)，所以從句是賓語(yǔ)從句，從賓語(yǔ)從句want看需要賓語(yǔ)，故選whatever。Whatever強(qiáng)調(diào)任意性，泛指；what強(qiáng)調(diào)特指。句意：普遍認(rèn)為，孩子要什么就給他什么不是聰明之舉。21 A該題考賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵詞是答語(yǔ)中的by car，從此判斷是對(duì)來(lái)的方式的提問(wèn)，故用how 引導(dǎo)。句意：“你記得他怎么來(lái)的么？”“記得，他開(kāi)車(chē)來(lái)的?！?2 B該題考查名詞性從句的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵是depend on （取決于）說(shuō)明是表示選擇，故用whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們明天是否去野營(yíng)要看天氣而定。 23A該題考查名詞性從句的用法。從題干看，兩個(gè)空中所給之詞分別作get和have的賓語(yǔ)，故都必須用what來(lái)引導(dǎo)。what和that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的根本區(qū)別，what做成份而that只起到引導(dǎo)詞的作用，不作成份。句意：我們得不到的似乎比我們所擁有的要好。24 D該題考查名詞性從句的用法。It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)放到后面(Its + 名詞 +that)以保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡。使用形式主語(yǔ)的情況還有：Its + 過(guò)去分詞+ that; Its +形容詞 + that; It happens/seems/appears that。句意：事實(shí)上英語(yǔ)作為國(guó)際語(yǔ)言正為世人所接受。25A該題考查名詞性從句的用法。why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句是說(shuō)明had a few days off的原因。句意：“我上周開(kāi)車(chē)去參加珠海的空展了?！薄斑@就是你請(qǐng)了幾天假的原因嗎？”第二節(jié) 考點(diǎn)歸納在復(fù)合句中具有名詞的性質(zhì)的作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的從句叫名詞性從句。因此，我們把主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句這四種從句統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。當(dāng)名詞性從句要采用陳述句語(yǔ)序。由一個(gè)含疑問(wèn)意義的連詞引起時(shí)，必須將該連詞放在名詞性從句的開(kāi)頭，且該從句語(yǔ)序不能倒裝。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致相同，它們分別是：連詞：that, whether, if；關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)一般不用逗號(hào)和主句分開(kāi)。詳細(xì)見(jiàn)下表：類(lèi) 別詞 義在從句中的作用that無(wú)任何詞義僅起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分if和whether意為“是否”，表明從句意義的不確定性起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)主、表、賓、定語(yǔ)等關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever有各自自身的意義起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)1、that從句與wh-關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別 連詞that在從句中不作成分，不含疑問(wèn)意義；而wh-連詞在從句中作成分，且含有疑問(wèn)意義；或what/where從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞后加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的頭發(fā)在變白令她有點(diǎn)擔(dān)憂(yōu)。（that在從句中只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，不作成分）What caused the accident is still a plete mystery. 事故發(fā)生的原因仍然是個(gè)不解之謎。（What在從句中作主語(yǔ)） 2、that與whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別。 （1）動(dòng)詞doubt表示“懷疑、不知道” 解時(shí)，肯定句接whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；否定句dont doubt和疑問(wèn)句Do you doubt要接that引導(dǎo)的從句。 I dont doubt that he will e soon.我不懷疑他不久會(huì)來(lái)。（此處不用whether） Can you doubt that he will win?你懷疑他會(huì)贏嗎？（此處不用whether）比較：doubt表示“不信”解時(shí)，表示強(qiáng)烈的不相信時(shí)，在陳述句中可接that從句。I doubt whether it is true.我懷疑那不是真的。 I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他會(huì)留在那里。（2）that本身無(wú)意義，有時(shí)可以省略；whether本身有意義，在句中均不可省略。 He said (that) he was from New York.他說(shuō)他是從紐約來(lái)的。（that無(wú)意義，可以省略） Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去沒(méi)定下來(lái)。（whether 有意義，不可以省略）（3）如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示兩種可能性據(jù)其一時(shí)，只能用whether(or not)，不可用that。 I wonder whether he knew the manager(or not).我不知道他是否認(rèn)識(shí)經(jīng)理。（不能用that）I am not sure whether he will e.他來(lái)不來(lái)我沒(méi)把握。（不能用that）（4）whether引導(dǎo)的從句能幾乎作所有介詞的賓語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)的從句只能作except, but, besides的介詞賓語(yǔ)。I have no interest in whether he will e.我對(duì)他來(lái)與否不感興趣。（不能用that）He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes.他是個(gè)好孩子，只是有時(shí)有點(diǎn)粗心。3、whether和if的區(qū)別 （1）whether可以引導(dǎo)discuss，decide,consider和介詞賓語(yǔ)從句，而if不能。 They are talking about whether they will go there.他們正在討論是否去那里。（不能用if） （2）whether可以應(yīng)到所有的名詞性從句，而if只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；在引起主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，特別是主語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)，不能用if，除非是有形式主語(yǔ)it的主語(yǔ)從句。 Whether the xx Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. xx年奧運(yùn)會(huì)是否在北京舉行還不知道。（不能用if） （3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，構(gòu)成whether or not或whether or no，if則不能。但可以說(shuō)whether/if or not, whether/if or。I dont know whether or not hell e. 我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。（不能用if）（4）if 引導(dǎo)的從句可用于否定的謂語(yǔ)，whether引導(dǎo)的從句不用于否定的謂語(yǔ)。 I dont care if you wont e.我才不在乎他來(lái)不來(lái)呢。 （5）whether or可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，or不可省略；if可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不論明天下不下雪，我都騎車(chē)去。 If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 如果給他更多的時(shí)間，他會(huì)做得更好。（6）whether可以和不定式連用，而if不能。 He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚還是等等再說(shuō)。They havent decided whether to go there or not.他們還沒(méi)決定去不去。（7）whether和if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用肯定，也可以用否定，但含義不同。He asked whether she could help.他問(wèn)她是否能幫忙。（表示疑問(wèn)，可加or not） He asked whether she couldnt help.他認(rèn)為她能幫忙。（表示否定，不可加or not）巧記whether與if異同“whether”與“if”都可表“是否”，是?？純?nèi)容。下面的順口溜可幫你記住其異同。主從表從同位從，if不用whether用；discuss和介詞后，whether引賓從；不定式、or not后面跟，whether獨(dú)能顯神通；賓從如是否定句，if發(fā)揮其功用；避免歧義要慎重，其它情況可換用。4、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞引起的名詞性從句的應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問(wèn)題（1）wh-ever引起的名詞性從句不含疑問(wèn)意義，相當(dāng)于不定代詞后加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句：whatever = anything that，whoever=anyone who, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指；而what，which，who，when，where，how等詞都有時(shí)含有疑問(wèn)意義，表示特指。A puter can only do what you have instructed it to do. 計(jì)算機(jī)只能按人們的指令去做事。(特指) It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 普遍認(rèn)為，孩子要什么就給他什么不是聰明之舉。(泛指)（2）介詞后的who/whom，whoever/whomever的選擇問(wèn)題，則要看連接詞在從句中是作主語(yǔ)還是作賓語(yǔ)而定，如在從句中作主語(yǔ)則只能選用who/whoever。Give them to whoever is likely to be interested.把他們送給感興趣的人。（不能用whomever）Who do you think is the best student?你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)是最好的學(xué)生。（不能用whom）（3）正確使用who/ whoever，what/whatever，how/however，where/wherever，when/whenever，which/whichever，who，what，where，when，how，which一要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看其在從句中作何成分，二是理清其在句中的含義。-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. 我上周開(kāi)車(chē)去參加珠海的空展了。-Is that why you had a few days off? （表原因）這就是你請(qǐng)了幾天假的原因嗎？I remember when this used to be a quiet place.我記憶中這里曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)安靜的地方。(表時(shí)間)二、主語(yǔ)從句(subject clauses)在復(fù)合句中起主語(yǔ)作用的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞有從屬連詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接副詞等。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有從屬連詞that、whether，關(guān)系代詞：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；關(guān)系副詞：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。1、 從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。從屬連詞that，whether在主語(yǔ)從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)趶木渲胁粨?dān)任成分，不能省略。That you dont like him is none of my business.你不喜歡她不管我的事。Whether she will e or not is still a question. 她是否會(huì)來(lái)仍是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。2、 it作形式主語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。如果主語(yǔ)從句太長(zhǎng)，為避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕，我們可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在主句謂語(yǔ)部分之后。That引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句可用it代替，that 不可省略。 用作it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)： It is/was +形容詞+that 從句 Its natural that 很自然 Its obvious that 顯而易見(jiàn) Its fortunate that 幸運(yùn)的是 Its (im)possible（不）可能 Its unlikely that 不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是 It is/was +名詞+that 從句 Its a pity that 遺憾的是 Its a fact that 事實(shí)是 Its good news that是好消息 Its a wonder that不足為奇 Its an honour that 非常榮幸 Its a shame that真是可恥 Its mon knowledge that 是常識(shí) It +不及物動(dòng)詞+that 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that碰巧 It appears that看來(lái) It turns out that結(jié)果 It is/was +過(guò)去分詞+that 從句 Its not known that 不得而知 Its said that 據(jù)說(shuō) Its reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 Its decided that尚未決定 Its believed that 據(jù)認(rèn)為 Its announced that據(jù)宣布 It suddenly struck me (occur to me that 我突然想到（感覺(jué)到） 其他 It doesnt matter 是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的 It makes no difference 毫無(wú)區(qū)別 It is of little consequence that無(wú)關(guān)緊要2、 由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。（1） 連接代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)燈。What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行為可能傷害別人。（2）what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句“的東西/事情”時(shí)，可用來(lái)表示the thing(s)which這種意思，引導(dǎo)從句，表示一樣?xùn)|西與一件事情，這種用法的what稱(chēng)為關(guān)系代詞型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。這些關(guān)系詞在句子中充當(dāng)成分，所以不能省略。此類(lèi)主語(yǔ)從句不能用形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)。What I need (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移動(dòng)電話。Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.無(wú)論是誰(shuí)離開(kāi)辦公室都應(yīng)該告訴我。3、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。連接副詞有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它們?cè)趶木渲袚?dān)任狀語(yǔ)，不能省略。此類(lèi)主語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為以it作形式主語(yǔ)的句子。Why he didnt e here is not clear to anyone.他為什么沒(méi)來(lái)誰(shuí)也不清楚。三、表語(yǔ)從句用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫作表語(yǔ)從句，它位于主句中的連系動(dòng)詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether、as though(if)；關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞由be, look, remain, seem等。That引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中，間或可以省略。1、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、“是否”。這時(shí)主句的主語(yǔ)常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問(wèn)題)，trouble(麻煩)，problem(問(wèn)題)，result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明、解釋?zhuān)怪髡Z(yǔ)的內(nèi)容具體化。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢(qián)。The question is whether we need more ice cream.問(wèn)題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。2、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go.問(wèn)題是我們哪一個(gè)應(yīng)該去。The problem was who could do the work.問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)能做這項(xiàng)工作。3、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來(lái)。就在你原來(lái)放的地方。That is what he is worried about. 那就是他所擔(dān)心的。4、由連詞because，as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來(lái)好像要下雪了。四、同位語(yǔ)從句用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在抽象名詞fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，對(duì)這些名詞進(jìn)行說(shuō)明或解釋。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞除連詞that，whether外，還有關(guān)系代詞what, which, who, 以及關(guān)系副詞how，when，where，why等。1、由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。I didnt receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到會(huì)議被推遲的消息。2、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他說(shuō)了些什么。3、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。4、定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。（1）同位語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于名詞，它對(duì)其前的名詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋其內(nèi)容的作用；而定語(yǔ)從句的功能相當(dāng)于形容詞，它對(duì)其先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用。The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建議很好。(定語(yǔ)從句)The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我們輪流打掃教室，這個(gè)建議很好。(同位語(yǔ)從句)（2）引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)某種成分，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略；而引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that是連接詞，在從句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。The fact (that) we talked about is important.我們所談?wù)摰那闆r很重要。(定語(yǔ)從句，that作從句中介詞about的賓語(yǔ))The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的實(shí)驗(yàn)成功了，這使大家很高興。(同位語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中不作任何成分)（3）引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的when，where是關(guān)系副詞，不但在句中充當(dāng)句子成分，還有與其含義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~；而引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的when，where是關(guān)系副詞，雖可以在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，但沒(méi)有與之含義相當(dāng)?shù)南刃性~。Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中國(guó)人民受欺侮的時(shí)候一去不復(fù)返了。(定語(yǔ)從句，the days與when構(gòu)成含義相當(dāng)?shù)拇钆潢P(guān)系)I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。(同位語(yǔ)從句，idea與when在含義上沒(méi)有任何搭配關(guān)系)（4） 同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞應(yīng)是表示抽象概念的詞，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是各種抽象概念的詞或具體概念的詞。He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能寫(xiě)小說(shuō)。（同位語(yǔ)從句）I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們?cè)诹监l(xiāng)的日子。（定語(yǔ)從句）五、賓語(yǔ)從句(object clauses)用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的位置與陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)相同。賓語(yǔ)從句可作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可以作介詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞）和某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句可以由從屬連詞that whether、if，關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which和關(guān)系副詞when、where、how、why等引導(dǎo)。1、作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ) （1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只起引導(dǎo)詞作用，在句中不做成分，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中常省去。I think (that) hell be right in a few days. 我認(rèn)為他幾天后就會(huì)好的。I wish （that） she would understand me.我希望她理解我。（2）由關(guān)系代詞what, who, whose, which引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，在句中作成分，即主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞在句中不能省略。 A puter can only do what you have instructed it to do計(jì)算機(jī)只能按人的指令去做。Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他們?cè)诘日l(shuí)嗎？（3）關(guān)系副詞when，where，how，why等引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系副詞 when，where，how，why 既有疑問(wèn)意義，又起連接作用，而且在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)各種狀語(yǔ)，分別表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. 請(qǐng)告訴我我們將何時(shí)討論計(jì)劃。I dont know where we are going to have the meeting. 我不知道我們將在哪里開(kāi)會(huì)。（4）由從屬連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在鄉(xiāng)下女兒是否和兒子一樣受到重視。I dont know whether (if) you are willing to help me. 我不知道你是否愿意幫我。注意：whether 和if的區(qū)別，請(qǐng)參考概述部分。（5）動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，賓語(yǔ)從句前可以有一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略，有的不能省略。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已經(jīng)通知我們將什么時(shí)候討論我的建議。(me不可省略)She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on.她答應(yīng)以后給我們更多的幫助。(us可省略)2、作介詞賓語(yǔ)It depends on whether he is ing or not. 這要看他是否會(huì)來(lái)。I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我們?cè)撟鍪裁础Ｗ⒁猓簍hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句只在in, but, except,besides等少數(shù)介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因?yàn)椋琤ut that要不是(只是)，except that除了。The higher ine tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得稅過(guò)高是有害的，因?yàn)樗赡苁谷瞬辉付噘嶅X(qián)。3、 作形容詞賓語(yǔ)。that引導(dǎo)的從句在下列形容詞后面作賓語(yǔ)，that可以省略。Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定從前是否見(jiàn)過(guò)他。Im sorry (that) youre ill. 你病了，我很難過(guò)。4、it充當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)-賓語(yǔ)從句后置。正如我們常用it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句一樣，我們也常用it用作形式賓語(yǔ)代替賓語(yǔ)從句，把真正的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。特別是帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略。有下列幾種情況：（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等動(dòng)詞接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)）時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。She thinks it wrong that he didnt answer the phone她認(rèn)為他不接電話是不對(duì)的。 （2）在like，enjoy，love，hate,take 等表“喜怒哀樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞，后若要跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，需跟形式賓語(yǔ) it。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜歡人們滿(mǎn)口飯說(shuō)話。 I like it that everyone passed the exam都通過(guò)了考試我很喜歡。 （3）由動(dòng)詞和介詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接 that 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用形式賓語(yǔ)。如： We are thinking of it that well lend you some money我正在考慮借給你錢(qián)的事。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的時(shí)候我負(fù)責(zé)把他照顧好。（4）用于“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”的句型中。Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten oclock.要記住你得十點(diǎn)鐘之前回家。We took it for granted that he would e.我們認(rèn)為他來(lái)是當(dāng)然的。(5)不可直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞。下列動(dòng)詞不可直接接that從句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat, dislike（厭惡）, overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear（聽(tīng)見(jiàn)）, see（看見(jiàn)）, want（想要） 等，但可用it, the fact做媒介，后接that從句；或接動(dòng)名詞、不定式。He overlooked it that he had made another mistake.(正確)He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正確)He overlooked that he had made another mistake.(錯(cuò)誤)他忽視了一件事，他又犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。I admire it that they won the match. (正確)I admire the fact that they won the match. (正確)I admire that they won the match. (錯(cuò)誤) 我很羨慕，他們贏得了比賽。5、that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的省略。（1） 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是agree, argue, hold, learn, maintain, observe, contend, conceive, reckon, remark, state, suggest, assume, announce, calculate, indicate等時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that一般不可省略；主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hear, know, say, see, confess consider, declare, understand, propose等時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略，也可以不省略；主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, suppose, believe, presume, dare say等時(shí)，其后賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。He suggested that we should set off at 8 oclock tomorrow morning.他建議我們明天早晨8點(diǎn)走。(that不可省略)I think (that) this is very important.我認(rèn)為這很重要。(that可省略)（2） 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子很復(fù)雜，句中有多個(gè)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略；或者一個(gè)句子有多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，特別第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句特別長(zhǎng)，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的that不可省略；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省去。He said you neednt worry and that he would help you . 他說(shuō)你沒(méi)有必要著急，他會(huì)幫助你的。（said之后可省去that，但第二個(gè)that不可省去）We decide, as he has suggested, that we will start out tomorrow. 就