2019-2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義 第20章 主謂一致.doc

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2019-2020年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義 第20章 主謂一致 主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則:語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。對(duì)于主謂一致的考查，主要集中在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、漢譯英及其它類型的填空題中。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，要掌握主謂一致的基本用法及常見搭配。內(nèi)容導(dǎo)視知識(shí)點(diǎn)1主謂一致的三原則知識(shí)點(diǎn)2謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)知識(shí)點(diǎn)3謂語動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)知識(shí)點(diǎn)4其他情況知識(shí)詳單知識(shí)點(diǎn)1主謂一致的三原則語法一致含義指的是主語為單數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式，主語如果為復(fù)數(shù)形式，那么謂語動(dòng)詞也使用復(fù)數(shù)形式例句Tom is a good student.湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。They often play football on the playground.他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。意義一致含義又稱為概念一致原則，指的是謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語所表達(dá)的其體意義，而不取決于表面上的語法聯(lián)系例句My family are having lunch now.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.這本書20美元太貴了。就近一致含義又稱為近鄰一致原則，指的是主語由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與緊鄰的名詞或代詞保持一致。例句Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生There is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)情況例句單數(shù)名詞(代詞) 、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式Some water is in the bottle一些水在瓶子里。A ball is on the floor.地上有個(gè)球。many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式Many a student has been to Shanghai.許多學(xué)生到過上海。more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生種經(jīng)去過北京。【易錯(cuò)警示】“more+復(fù)教名詞+ than one作主語時(shí)，誦語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:More answers than one are to your question.你的問題答案不只一個(gè)。表示時(shí)間、價(jià)格、重量、數(shù)目、長(zhǎng)度、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Two months is a long holiday.兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.對(duì)于一個(gè)男孩來說.三千美元是相當(dāng)大的一筆錢。主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and ( each/every )+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Each boy and each girl has got a seat。每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式One and a half hours is enough.一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠。動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。a/an十單數(shù)名詞+or two作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)A student or two has failed the exam.一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。【易錯(cuò)警示】 one or two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:One or two students were cleaning the window yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一兩個(gè)學(xué)生在擦窗戶。不定代詞somebody, anything, everyone, nobody, no one等作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Is everyone here today.？今天大家到齊了嗎?Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。each, either, neither, one, another, the other作主語或后跟名詞單數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Each of them has an Enhlish dictionary.他們每人都有一本英語詞典。Every pupil is supposed to be in his classroom at 8 a. m.上午8點(diǎn)，每個(gè)學(xué)生都應(yīng)當(dāng)在教室里。以-s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等No news is good news.沒有消息就是好消息。Physics is one of my favorite subjects.物理是我最喜歡的學(xué)科之一。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3謂語動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)情況例句復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式The students are playing football on the playground.這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。people，police, cattle等集體名詞作主語people are the makers of history.人民是歷史的創(chuàng)造者。police were very shocked by the robbery.警察對(duì)那起搶劫非常震驚。相當(dāng)于名詞的“the+形容詞或過去分詞作主語，表示人時(shí)Generally speaking, the blind have a keen touch. -般來說，盲人有敏銳的觸覺。The unemployed usually leada hard life.失業(yè)者的生活一般很困難?！疽族e(cuò)警示】 the +形容調(diào)成過去分詞“作主語時(shí)，如果表示的是抽象概念，則謂語幼詞應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。例如:The beautiful is not always the good. 美的東西不都是好的東西。.both.and“連接并列主語Both New York and London have traffic problems.紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題Both my friend and I like thin type of smartphone very much.我的朋友和我都非常喜歡這種智能手機(jī)知識(shí)點(diǎn)4其他情況情況例句and連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常常使用復(fù)數(shù); 但是and連接的并列主語指同一人、同一物時(shí)，謂語使用單數(shù)The writer and teacher is ing.那位作家兼教師來了(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)The writer and the teacher are ing.作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)“單數(shù)名詞或代詞+名詞或代詞+but/besides/except/includind/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名詞或代詞作主語，謂語使用單數(shù)形式，如果之前的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike，like his brother，enjoys playing football.邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球?！皌he number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語謂語用單數(shù); “a(good/large) number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)The number of the students is over eight hundred.學(xué)生人數(shù)超過八百。A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500.許多教師今天都出席了，有500人。由兩個(gè)相同部分組成的一個(gè)整體名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers，boots等。若此類名詞被a kind of/a pair of修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard.剪刀在櫥柜旁邊的架子上。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼鏡的售價(jià)很高。當(dāng)not only. but also.，not. but.，or，either. or.，neither. nor等連接并列主語時(shí)，以及在there be句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采用就近一致原則Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都沒有看過這部電影Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去參加明天的會(huì)議。某些集體名詞，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞采用意義一致原則，即依據(jù)名詞的具體含義來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式The pany has grown rapidly in the last five years.這家公司五年來迅速發(fā)展壯大。The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在這張相片里，全家人正在慶祝感恩節(jié)。【知識(shí)拓展】如果這一類集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式，如果這一類詞指的是具體成員，則謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1 考察謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)的情況1.(黔南中考)-David has been away for more than 25 days. -I miss him very much. You know, 25 days_ short. A. is B. isnt C. are D. arent 【解析】選B,25 days作為一個(gè)整體，系動(dòng)詞耍用單教形式.故選B,2.(安順中考)Look, the set of keys_ on the teachers desk. A. are B. were C. is D. was 【解析】選C, the set of keys的中心詞是set，系動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).句首為look,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3.(黔東南中考) Climbing hills_ good for our health.A. are B. is C. was D. were【解析】選B。動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，謂語用單數(shù)形式。句子表述的是一般情況，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4.(綏化中考)This pair of pants_ mine. You may_ on the bed A. is; be B. are; be C. are, are解析】選A。第一空所在句子主語為pair，為單數(shù)形式，故用is;第二空情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞原形，故用be5.(成寧中考)-What are you going to do this weekend? 一I together with my classmates_ going to climb Mount Qian.A. Is B. am C. are D. were【解析】選B, together with結(jié)構(gòu)是伴隨狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其前的主語保持一致，故用am?？键c(diǎn)2考察謂語動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)的情況6. (巴中中考)This pair of shoes_ me well, but the shoes_ expensive. A. fit; are B. fits; are C. fits; is【解析選B。前半句話的主語為pair，是單數(shù)形式。故用fits;后半句主語是shoes，故用are7.(淮安中考)Andy, youd better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit_ good for you.A. is B. are C. was D. were【解析】選B milk and fruit是兩樣?xùn)|西,作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，句子表述的是一般，現(xiàn)在時(shí)。8.(孝感中考)A number of volunteers _ from faraway cities.A. is B are C. is e D. are e【解析】選B, a number of結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選B.