2019-2020年高考英語二輪專題復習 5閱讀理解七選五題型練習.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語二輪專題復習 5閱讀理解七選五題型練習 Passage 1(xx遼寧卷) Forgiveness To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness，anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research. __1__ Try the following steps： Calm yourself. __2__ You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure : a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Dont wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way. __3__ Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean being friends again with the person who upset you. Take the control away from your offender (冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. __4__ If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view. Dont forget to forgive yourself. __5__ But it can rob you of your selfconfidence if you dont do it. A．Why should you forgive? B．How should you start to forgive? C．Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. D. Try to see things from your offenders angle. E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge. F. To make your anger die away, try a simple stressmanagement technique. G. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time. 解讀： 本文為說明文，主要向讀者介紹了如何開始寬恕別人或自己的方法。 1.解析：第一段說明了寬恕的意義，該空格后的各段說明了寬恕的具體方法，由此可推斷該空格處應為一承上啟下的過渡句，故選B項。 答案：B 2.解析：根據(jù)段落中心句Calm yourself.和下文的關鍵信息think of something that gives you pleasure可確定答案。 答案：F 3.解析：根據(jù)關鍵詞apology可迅速確定答案。 答案：G 4.解析：根據(jù)關鍵信息write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view可確定答案。 答案：D 5.解析：根據(jù)段落中心句Dont forget to forgive yourself.中的關鍵信息forgive yourself可確定答案。 答案：E Passage 2(xx北京卷) Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. __1__ In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(鄉(xiāng)村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. __2__ The process of urbanization—the migration (遷徙 ) of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. In 1900 ，fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today，over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. __3__ Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninetyfive people on farms to feed five people in cities. __4__ Until modern times，those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city. Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. __5__ Today, instead of needing ninetyfive farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred nonfarmers. A．That kept cities very small. B. The rest live in small towns. C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered. D. Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies. E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities. F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings. 解讀： 本文為說明文，題材為社會與熱點，主要講述了城市化的進程。 1．解析：第一段主要講述了在過去城市非常少，大多數(shù)人都是住在農場或鄉(xiāng)村里，根據(jù)主旨可知應選擇E項。 答案：E 2．解析：空格前一句中的beginning與D項中的soon相對應，英國只是個開始，之后一些其他的國家也開始成為城市化的社會，故選擇D項。 答案：D 3．解析：空格所在的段落通過列舉數(shù)據(jù)來體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在城市化的擴大，絕大多數(shù)的美國人住在城市里，少部分住在農場里，因此此空說明剩下的人居住在何地，故選擇B項。 答案：B 4．解析：此空之前在闡述過去為什么城市不可能大的原因，因此A項與前面的意思對應。 答案：A 5．解析：空格前一句闡述工業(yè)革命打破了此前城市和鄉(xiāng)村的這種平衡，因此空格處是對前一句內容的進一步闡述，因此選擇F項。 答案：F Passage 1(xx東北聯(lián)考) Make the right choices 　　 What is lifes greatest gift? __1__ Choice is the ability to select one course of action from a set of alternatives to achieve a goal.What is so great about choice? It transforms us from dumb animals into artists.Each of us bees another Michelangelo.Choice bees nothing other than the tool we use to sculpt(雕刻) our life.The tool doesnt e free，however，for the price of choice is responsibility.__2__ The reward is happiness. Life is not still.It is a flow. __3__ We constantly need to monitor where we are on our journey.We need to ask questions：Am I moving closer to my goals? If not，what corrective measures can I take? What action will I take now to readjust myself to my goals? Choice is power. Choice is at the heart of life. It is the creative power of life. __4__ And your life bees more convenient or fortable because of them. For example, you decide which stores to shop at and which gas station to go to. But the decisions that we make to sculpt our life are far more important than deciding where to shop. The more we appreciate the difference between minor and major decisions, the greater the probability that we will experience happiness and fulfillment. All chess lovers realize that it isnt necessary to win to enjoy the game. The pleasure is in the playing. Life is like a chess game. __5__ A．It is free will or choice. B．You have to make choices every day. C．Make the best moves you can under the circumstances. D．But when we accept and carry it out, we get a great return. E．Every choice we make leads us closer to or farther from our goals. F．Life is full of hard choices, and the bigger they are, the harder they get. G．Choose to carry out responsibilities not because you have to, but because you want to. 解讀： 每個人每天都要面臨各種各樣的選擇。正確的選擇究竟會給我們的人生帶來些什么呢？ 1.解析：根據(jù)上文的提問“生命中最珍貴的禮物是什么？”可知選A，it指代lifes greatest gift，即生命中最珍貴的禮物是自由的意志或選擇。 答案：A 2．解析：選項D中a great return與下文The reward前后照應，即當我們接受并執(zhí)行它時，我們就獲得了巨大的回報。這種回報就是幸福。 答案：D 3．解析：根據(jù)下文所提的三個問題可知該段在談論選擇對人生目標的影響，故E項為正確答案，即我們所做的每一個選擇讓我們更接近或者遠離我們的目標。 答案：E 4．解析：根據(jù)下文可知，無論是日常生活中的小事，還是涉及人生的大事，都離不開選擇。故B項“你每天都不得不做出選擇”符合文意。 答案：B 5.解析：人生就像一盤棋。在我們身處的環(huán)境下，要盡最大可能走好每一步。 答案：C Passage 2(xx海淀期中) Any car accident is frightening, but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water, with you trapped inside, is absolutely terrifying. __1__ However, most deaths result from panic, without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water. By adopting a brace (支撐) position, acting decisively and getting out fast，you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle. Brace yourself for impact ( 撞擊力). As soon as youre aware that youre going off the road and into a body of water, adopt a brace position. The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle, so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the “ten and two” position. Undo your seatbelt. __2__ Unbuckle the children, starting with the oldest first. Forget the cellphone call. Your car isnt going to wait for you to make the call. __3__ Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window. A cars electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water, so try the method of opening it electronically first. Many people dont think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking. Break the window. If you arent able to open the window, or it only opens halfway, youll need to break it with an object or your foot. It may feel counterintuitive(有悖常理的) to let water into the car.__4__ Escape when the car has equalized. If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has bee balanced, you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival. __5__ While there is still air in the car, take slow, deep breaths and focus on what youre doing. A．Open the window as soon as you hit the water. B．Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think. C．It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually. D．Such accidents are particularly dangerous to the risk of drowning. E．In conclusion, if you know what to do in the water, you will be safe. F．This is the first thing to attend to, yet it often gets forgotten in the panic. G. But the sooner the window is open, the sooner you can escape directly through it. 解讀：本文為說明文，主要介紹了當遇到汽車掉入水中時，人們應該如何應對。 1．解析：空格前的“an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water”與D項中的“Such accidents”對應，而空格處句子與空格后一句為轉折關系，故選擇D項。 答案：D 2．解析：空格前句“Undo your seatbelt.”與F項中的“This is the first thing to attend to”對應，故選擇F項。 答案：F 3．解析：根據(jù)本段中的“concentrate on the window”和“Many people dont think about the window as an escape option either because of panic...”可知選擇A項。 答案：A 4．解析：首先空格前句與空格處為轉折關系，本段仍舊圍繞“window”進行闡述，G項所表達的意思為打開窗戶逃生，與本段主旨一致，故選擇G項。 答案：G 5．解析：空格前的“car cabin has been filled_with_water”與C項中的“fill up with water”對應，而C項所表達的意思也與空格后的“While there is still air in the car”相關聯(lián)，故此題選擇C項。 答案：C Passage 3(xx遼寧五校) There is an English saying：“__1__” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. __2__ Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. __3__ If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial. Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated(忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. __4__ __5__ They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter. A．Laughter can prolong ones life. B．As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics in which they help to improve their patients condition by encouraging them to laugh. C．The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain. D．It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing；it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet. E．Although laughter helps cure the disease, doctors still can not put this theory into clinic practice. F．Laughter is the best medicine. G．They have found that laughter really can improve peoples health. 解讀： 醫(yī)生通過實驗證明，好心情也是一劑良藥。 1．解析：下文醫(yī)生所做的實驗表明笑有助于身體健康，緩解疼痛等，可推斷出F“笑是最好的良藥”符合文意。 答案：F 2．解析：根據(jù)下文的It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise.可知，醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)笑與鍛煉身體有著相同的功效。由此推斷，答案選G“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)笑確實可以促進人體健康”。 答案：G 3．解析：根據(jù)上文．..while doctors checked their hearts，blood pressure，breathing and muscles.可知答案選D“笑使血壓升高，心跳和呼吸加快，它還使面部、肚子，甚至雙腳的肌肉得到運動”。 答案：D 4．解析：根據(jù)上文The group that tolerated(忍耐) the pain...可知答案選C“笑可以緩解疼痛的原因似乎是它幫助大腦產(chǎn)生一種化學物質，這種物質減弱了壓力和疼痛”。 答案：C 5．解析：根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的their patients可知答案選B“由于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，目前一些美國醫(yī)生開辦了笑診所，在診所里，他們鼓勵病人通過笑來改善病情”。 答案：B Passage 4(xx河南聯(lián)考) Warren Buffett Warren Buffett, who is a successful investor, es off as a pretty ordinary guy.He was born on August 30,1930. __1__ He used to go door to door and sell soda water.When his family moved to Washington，Buffett became a paper boy for The Washington Post. Buffett ran his five paper routes and even added magazines to round out his product offerings.While still in school，he made $175 a month，a fulltime wage for many men. __2__ He spent $1,200 on 40 acres of farmland in Nebraska.He and a friend also made $50 a week by placing pinball machines in barbershops.They called their venture(企業(yè))Wilson Coin Operated Machine Co. Already a successful businessman, Buffett wasnt interested in going to college but ended up at the University of Pennsylvania—his father encouraged him to go. __3__ But he was turned down, which had to be one of the worst admission decisions in Harvard history.The oute affected Buffetts life, for he ended up attending Columbia Business School, where he studied under Professor Benjamin Graham, the father of securities analysis who provided the foundation(基礎) for Buffetts investment strategy. From the beginning, Buffett made his fortune from investing. He started with all the money he had made from selling soda water, delivering papers, and operating pinball machines. Between 1950 and 1956，he grew his $9,800 to $14,000. __4__ And then he gradually drew in other investors through word of mouth and very attractive terms. __5__ He doesnt collect houses or cars or works of art, and he disdains(鄙視) panies that waste money on expensive cars, private dining rooms, and highpriced real villas. He is a creature of habit—same house, same office, same city, same soda water. A．Then Buffett applied to Harvard Business School. B．Buffett is more likely to be found in a fourstar restaurant. C．When he was 14, Buffett developed great interest in investment. D．Even as a young child, Buffett was serious about making money. E．One thing is for sure about Buffett: he is happy to do what he is doing. F．Buffetts investment strategy mirrors his lifestyle and his overall philosophy. G．From there, he organized investment partnerships with his family and friends. 解讀：文章介紹了全球著名的投資商沃倫巴菲特的傳奇人生。 1．解析：根據(jù)下文內容可知，巴菲特賣蘇打水、送報刊，還在上學的時候， 一個月賺到的錢甚至相當于許多成人當時的全職薪水。由此推斷，答案選D“甚至在巴菲特小的時候他就對賺錢很用心”。 答案：D 2．解析：根據(jù)文章按照時間順序敘述的特點，結合下文的舉例“在內布拉斯加州將1200美元投資在40英畝農田上”和“在理發(fā)店安裝彈球機”?？赏茢喑龃鸢高xC“14歲時，巴菲特就對投資產(chǎn)生了極大的興趣”。 答案：C 3．解析：根據(jù)下文“這一定是哈佛大學歷史上最糟糕的一個錄取決定之一”可知答案選A“巴菲特曾申請哈佛商學院”。 答案：A 4．解析：根據(jù)下文“然后，他漸漸吸引其他投資者”可推斷出答案選G“他與家人和朋友結成投資伙伴關系”。 答案：G 5．解析：下文介紹了巴菲特的生活理念，他反對把錢浪費在奢侈品上，喜歡一成不變。由此推斷，答案選F“巴菲特的投資策略反映了他的生活方式和總體理念”。 答案：F Passage 5(xx山西聯(lián)考) munication is a vital key to meaningful and successful interactions(互動) and relationships. Your body has a language of its own.__1__ The following discusses four important areas of nonverbal munication which can help you see what messages you may be sending to others. Consider the munication that occurs with the eyes __2__ Keep your eyes focused on the person speaking to you. Glancing away can send the wrong message that you are not interested. Remember，maintaining good eye contact is important to skillful munication. __3__ Attempt to keep all facial muscles relaxed. Avoid tightening your jaw and clenching(咬緊) your teeth. It is remended that facial expressions reflect your inner feelings. It would be confusing to the person with whom you are municating, if you say you are happy but display a quite different emotion on your face. Evaluate your shoulder and arm placement Attempt to keep shoulders straight and back，arms relaxed.Avoid overuse of shoulder shrugging.Overuse of shoulder and arm movements are annoying and distracting. __4__ Consider your handshake Attempt to keep handshakes firm and decisive. Remember, not too long, not too short, not too rough, and not too flimsy(軟弱無力的). __5__ It is customary to shake hands each time a meeting occurs. Also, keep your eyes focused on the individuals eyes when shaking their hand and verbally greet them. A．Evaluate your body gestures B．Consider your facial expressions C．Make sure you offer your handshake to all you meet. D．Attempt to be at eye level when municating with others. E．Doing so takes the listeners attention away from your words to your movements. F．Be aware of eyebrow gestures which could be misunderstood as negative gestures. G．This kind of nonverbal munication can be powerful for effective munication. 解讀：本文主要講述了非語言交流的幾種方式及它們所傳達的意義。 1．解析：前一句提到Your body has a language of its own，后一句又說four areas of nonverbal munication，故此處選G項。 答案：G 2．解析：此段講述的是目光交流，故選D項。 答案：D 3．解析：由下面一段facial muscles可知此處講述的是B項，即“注意你的面部表情”。 答案：B 4．解析：此處doing so指代前一句的overuse of shoulder and arm movements. 答案：E 5．解析：此段講述與人握手，故C項合適。 答案：C Passage 6(xx云南統(tǒng)測) Weve all heard how great shopping on the Internet is and that you can get things far cheaper. How convenient it is—you can shop when you want to. How its easy to pare prices and how there are no long queues online! __1__ Do you trust the sellers? Do they have a secure server(服務器)? What is their delivery time? Can you contact them if the order goes wrong? Most shopping sites use some sort of shopping cart into which you can place items you have chosen, and then take them to the checkout when you want to pay. __2__ The following are a few hints about online shopping that weve learned along the way： Always print out your order confirmation. __3__ Try and get your goods delivered at a time when you will be there，otherwise your package might get lost! Dont get carried away(失去理智) and spend too much! To enable us to provide some of our services to you, we need to collect some personal information from you—usually your name and email address.You may choose to tell us your preferences and country of origin when visiting our website. __4__ The big question for online shoppers is always, “Will our gifts arrive on time？” All of the stores listed on our website have varied delivery timetables for cities and countries. __5__ For the busiest times of a year: Christmas, Valentines Day, Singles Day，Mothers Day and Fathers Day，online retailers(零售商) will be doing everything they can to get your last minute business and will have posted holiday deadlines with cutoff purchase dates to ensure delivery. A．Are there any hidden dangers or risks? B．Order more than just one item at a time to save on delivery costs. C．But before you start shopping there are a number of questions you have to ask yourself. D．So you should always check the timetables before making a purchase. E．Overnight delivery is usually available. F．The checkout must be in a secure server in order for your transaction to be secure. G．You may also choose to provide us with your mobile phone number. 解讀：本篇講述網(wǎng)上購物需要注意的幾個問題。 1．解析：此處承上啟下，由下面一連串的問題可判斷此處選C項。 答案：C 2．解析：此處講述購物后付錢時要使用安全服務器，故選F。 答案：F 3．解析：此處與上下并列，講述注意事項，故選B。 答案：B 4．解析：前面講述你要提供一些個人信息，此處講述你可以提供你的手機號碼。 答案：G 5．解析：此處講述你要關注你所購物品的郵寄時間表。 答案：D Passage 1 How to find true friends The process of meeting people and developing friendships usually occurs when two people get to know each other through shared experiences or activities. When people move to a new place, attend a new school or start a new job, they often meet new people and friendships may develop as a part of that process. __1__ Here is some advice on how to find true friends： __2__ Most strong friendships form between people who share mon interests. When people work together on a project or play together on a sports team, they often form positive bonds by sharing enjoyable or meaningful experiences with each ot