2019-2020年高考英語 語法知識匯總 第11章 助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣.doc
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2019-2020年高考英語 語法知識匯總 第11章 助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣1. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. 【05北京春】A.must dropB. must have droppedC.must be dropping D. must have been dropped2. You _ be tired - youve only been working for an hour. 【04全國】 A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not3. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police? 【04全國】A. should B. may C. will D. can4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. 【04全國】A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving5.-Tom graduated from college at a very young age.-Oh, he _have been a very smart boy then. 【04全國】A.could B. should C. might D. must6. - I dont mind telling you what I know. - You . Im not asking you for it. 【04江蘇】 A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt7. I _ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. 【04浙江卷】 A. should B. might C. would D. could8. - Excuse me, but I want to use your puter to type a report. - You _ have my puter if you dont take care of it. 【04湖南卷】 A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt9. No, Im afraid he isnt in. This is his secretary speaking. Can I help you? - _.【04廣東卷】A. Oh, you will. B. Oh, thats a pity. C. I should think so.D. Well, I look forward to hearing from you.10Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. 【04福建卷】Aought to tellBwould have toldCmust tellDshould have told11Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else such a beautiful palace. 【04遼寧卷】Acan you find Byou could find Cyou can find Dcould you find12Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. I go out and play with Tom for a while? No, Im afraid not. Besides, its raining outside now. 【04遼寧卷】ACant BWouldnt CMay not DWont13. Who is the girl standing over there? Well, if you know, her name is Mabel. 【04天津卷】A. may B. can C. must D. shall14. “The interest_ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. 【04重慶卷】A. may B. should C. must D. shall15. Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. 【04上海卷】A. must B. may C. can D. need16. - Isnt that Anns husband over there? - No, it _ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. 【04全國】A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not17. A left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. 【NMETxx】Ashould Bcan Cmust Dwill18How you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article ? 【xx上?!緼can Bmust Cneed Dmay 19. Is John ing by train? 【NMETxx】 He should, but he _not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may20.It has been announced that candidates_remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 【xx上海】A. can B. will C. may D. shall21.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. 【xx上?!緼. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall22.I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. 【NMETxx】 A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave23. - Are you ing to Jeffs party? 【NMETxx】 - Im not sure . I _go to the concert instead.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight24. Will you stay for lunch? 【NMETxx】 Sorry, _. My brother is ing to see me.A. I mustnt B.I cant C. I neednt D.I wont25. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. 【NMETxx】-Oh, did you? You_ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed26. -When can I e for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. - They _be ready by 12:00. 【NMETxx】 A. can B. should C. might D. need27. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_ get out. 【NMET1997】 A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to28. Johnny, youplay with the knife, You _ hurt yourself. 【NMET1996】A. wont; cantB. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; mustD. cant; shouldnt29. You didnt let me drive. If wein turn, youso tired. 【NMET1996】A. drove, didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got30. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it. 【NMET1995】 A. breaks B. has broken C. were brokenD. had been broken31. -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -Ita fortable journey. 【NMET1995】A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been32. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _be here at any moment. 【NMET1995】 A. must B. need C. should D. can33. Shall I tell John about it? 【MET1994】 No, you _ . Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt34. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. 【MET1994】 A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out35. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ , she would have met my brother. 【MET1994】A. has e B. did e C. came D. had e【答案與解析】1. B該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。根據(jù)I have lost one of my gloves.得知是對過去事實的肯定推測,所以用must have done。句意:我丟了一只手套,我肯定是在某處掉了。2. C該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。后面說才干了一個小時,因此是不可能累。表示可能性的否定句用cant。句意:你不可能累,你只干了一個小時。3. A 該題考查交際情景中情態(tài)動詞的用法。should 在此表示責(zé)任或義務(wù),意為:必須,應(yīng)該。句意:我經(jīng)??匆娔亲辗孔永镉袩艄狻D阏J(rèn)為我該報告警察嗎?4. A 該題考查交際情景中情態(tài)動詞的用法。關(guān)鍵詞he didnt show up,表明懷特先生該來而沒來。選A. should have arrived表示該做但未做。句意:懷特先生應(yīng)該8:30開會;但是他還沒露面。5. B 該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。第一句話:湯姆年齡很小就大學(xué)畢業(yè)。第二句話:啊,他肯定是個很聰明的孩子。根據(jù)第一句話得知第二句話是一個對過去事實的肯定的推測因此選擇D. must。6D 該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵是Im not asking you for it.既然沒問,就沒必要說。因此選擇D。句意:“我不介意告訴你我知道的一切?!薄澳銢]必要。我沒問你這件事?!?7. A 該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。根據(jù)but后面的句子“我不敢肯定本周日是否有時間”,說明前面是應(yīng)該去,故選A。句意:我該去拜訪特蕾西,但是我不敢肯定本周日我是否有時間。8.A 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。shall用于陳述句第二、三人稱, 表示說話者的意圖、警告、命令、決心等, 主語的行動受講話者支配。句意:“對不起,我想用一下你的電腦打份報告。”“如果你不小心使用的話,你不得使用我的電腦?!?. C該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動詞。should 用于第一人稱時表示某種條件下會產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,意為:該。句意:“不,恐怕他不在。我是他的秘書,你需要幫忙么?”“我想該這樣?!?0D該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。should/ought to have done表示該做而未做的事。句意:“我明天要告訴瑪麗有關(guān)她的新工作的事?!薄澳銘?yīng)該上周告訴她?!?1A該題根據(jù)交際情景考查倒裝句的用法。Nowhere是否定副詞放句首,要求主語謂語借助于助動詞倒裝。該題表示現(xiàn)在的時態(tài),故選A。句意:可能你去過很多國家,但是你再也找不到如此美的地方。12A該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。據(jù)題意,此處是表示請求允許,故選A。句意:“媽媽,我從8點(diǎn)就學(xué)英語。我難道不能出去和湯姆玩一會嗎?”“是的,恐怕不行。還有,現(xiàn)在外面正下雨呢?!?3. C該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。據(jù)題意和說話者的不耐煩的語氣得知應(yīng)當(dāng)選C. must表示與說話人愿望相反及不耐煩,意為:偏要 。句意:“站在那里的姑娘是誰?”“啊,如果你偏要知道,她名叫梅布爾。”14. D該題是根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。shall用于第三人稱, 在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定,意為:應(yīng), 必須。句意:法官宣布:“根據(jù)雙方達(dá)成的協(xié)議,息金應(yīng)當(dāng)分成五份?!?5. A 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。must“表示職責(zé)或義務(wù)上的要求”,意為:必須,應(yīng)當(dāng)。句意:“在那個國家,12歲以下的孩子在圖書館必須在成年人的監(jiān)護(hù)之下。”16. A 該題是考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。根據(jù)交際情景此處是表示可能性,用于否定句中一般用cant。句意:“難道那個安的丈夫不在那里?”“不,不可能是他。我肯定他不戴眼鏡?!?7. B 該題考查在特定語言環(huán)境中情態(tài)動詞的用法。據(jù)題意:行李寄存處特別是在火車站短時間存放包的地方。該題中情態(tài)動詞can表示許可,should意為:應(yīng)該;must表示必須;will表示意愿。故選B。18.A 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法,Can在此句中是用來表示某種不滿的情緒,意思為“你怎么能夠說”句意:如果你只讀了這篇文章的一部分,你怎么能說你真正理解了整個故事呢?19. D 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法?!癏e likes driving his car.”是題目的關(guān)鍵,由此可推知他有可能不乘坐火車,may表示可能,符合原句的上下文意思。20.D 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。shall用于二、三人稱,要重讀,不可縮寫,表示意圖、意志、允諾、命令或必然結(jié)果等。意為:必須,應(yīng),可。句意:據(jù)宣布,考生在收卷前必須坐在自己的座位上。21.B 考查虛擬語氣,在賓語從句是一個含有條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句,其中主句敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè),從句則表示的是與過去事實相反的假設(shè),因此B為正確答案。句意:如果我不在七歲的時候就迷戀上我們家鄉(xiāng)的he Melinda Cox圖書館,我真不能想象我今天會做什么。22. B 該題考查與情態(tài)動詞shouldnt have done的用法。shouldnt have done表示不該做而做了。從句意判斷你不該一句話不說就走了,故選shouldnt have done結(jié)構(gòu)。couldnt have left意為:不可能離開。題意:你真急死我了。你不該一句話也不說就離開家。23. D 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。應(yīng)答語中的Im not sure. (我不能肯定),決定了下句不是很確定的推測,因此用might意思為:“可能,也許”。must (must+be/have等表示狀態(tài)的動詞)語氣最強(qiáng),意為“一定,想必,準(zhǔn)是”。should接近ought to,意為:“應(yīng)該會,想必會”,推斷往往是對別人或別的事進(jìn)行的。句意:“你來參加Jeff的聚會嗎?”“我不敢肯定,我可能去參加音樂會?!?4. B 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。據(jù)題意:“你留下來吃午飯好嗎?”“對不起,我不能(留下來吃午飯),我兄弟要來看我。”該題的關(guān)鍵是:My brother is ing to see me.據(jù)此應(yīng)用I cant 用來表示“不能”。mustnt 表示禁止,neednt 意思是沒必要,wont將不,雖然用Will來提問,據(jù)題意不能用wont來回答。25. A該題考查情態(tài)動詞不定式完成時的用法。情態(tài)動詞不定式完成時表示對過去發(fā)生的事的 猜測和判斷。對話雙方一位說在紐約時住旅社,另一位聽了頗感吃驚(Oh, did you?)說,“你本可住Barbara處”,而他沒有住那兒,這要用“could+完成式不定式”來表示。句意:“我在紐約住在一家旅館?!薄笆菃??你本可與巴巴拉住在一起的?!?6. B 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法,問句中顧客發(fā)出詢問,問什么時候能取照片,明天要用。回答時A、B、C項似均可。但A項過于直白肯定,沒留退路; C項作答案不妥,might表示可能性用于現(xiàn)在時,表示對所推斷的事情把握不大,本句中若使用might, 會使顧客很失望。選B項should,表示大致的推測,既回答了顧客的詢問,不失禮貌,又為照片有可能尚未洗好,為顧客到時取不到留下回旋的余地。用詞經(jīng)過仔細(xì)推敲體現(xiàn)了店主的精明。句意:“我什么時候能取照片?明天12點(diǎn)前要用?!薄懊魈?2點(diǎn)前應(yīng)該能沖好?!?7. D 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句中連接詞but表示轉(zhuǎn)折,由此推理“大火雖然蔓延很快,大家還是逃了出來。”,空白處為was able to,在肯定句中當(dāng)某人具有某種能力而又使用了這種能力成功地做了某事用was/were able to而不用could。句意:“雖然大火蔓延很快,使旅館燒起來,但大家還是逃了出來”。28.B 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。第一個空格處填mustnt用于表達(dá)“制止”、“禁止”的口吻;第二個空格處用may表示“推測”,意思是“你可能會傷了自己”。句意:“杰克,你不許拿這刀子玩,那會傷著你?!?9.D 該題考查與過去相反的虛假條件句的用法。從You didnt let me drive.可以看出是對過去的描述,根據(jù)與過去相反的虛假條件句結(jié)構(gòu),條件狀語從句應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài),主句中用 would/should/might/could have done的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。句意:你沒讓我開車。如果我們輪流駕駛,你就不會感到這樣疲勞了。30. C 該題考查由as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句和被動語態(tài)的用法。由as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,與現(xiàn)在相反的情況用過去時態(tài);與過去相反的情況用過去完成時態(tài)。第一句話用了一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),因此as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去時態(tài),pencil 是break動作的承受者應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)你把一支鉛筆的部分放在玻璃杯中,看上去她似乎是折斷的。31.D 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)及其辨析。從第一句用了過去時態(tài)來判斷,這是表示對過去事實的推測?!扒閼B(tài)動詞不定式完成式”用來表示對“過去已發(fā)生行為”的推測。在否定句中,用cant或couldnt have done,所以本題正確答案為D。句意:“車上本來已經(jīng)有五人,但他們還是設(shè)法把我也帶上.” “那次旅行不可能舒服”。32.C 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞at any moment可判斷此題情態(tài)動詞應(yīng)表示,“可能性、推測、推論”,惟should 可表示“推論”,譯為“可能, 該”,所以選C。題意:“現(xiàn)在快要七點(diǎn)了,杰克隨時會到。33.A 該題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。根據(jù)“Ive told him already”,所提供的信息來判斷,沒必要告訴約翰這件事了,應(yīng)選neednt,neednt have done 表示沒必要做而做了。句意: “咱們把這件事告訴John怎么樣?” “你不必了。我已經(jīng)把這件事告訴他了?!?4. C 該題考查與情態(tài)動詞should have done的用法。從句意判斷本應(yīng)給她寫出來而沒給她寫,故用should have done結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:我和薩麗說了怎樣來這里,或許我應(yīng)該給她寫清楚。35. D 該題考查與過去相反的虛假條件句的用法。從I didnt see your sister可以看出是對過去的描述,根據(jù)與過去相反的虛假條件句結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)。句意:我在會上沒看見你姐姐。如果她來了,他會見到我弟弟的。第二節(jié) 考點(diǎn)歸納不同的時態(tài)(一般式、進(jìn)形式、完成式、將來式),不同的語態(tài)(主動、被動),不同的語氣(祈使、陳述、虛擬),不同的結(jié)構(gòu)(肯定、否定、疑問),以及說話者本身的態(tài)度或刊發(fā)(命令、請求、愿望、可能等),所有這些都要借助于助動詞和情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)出來。助動詞一般沒有詞意,不能單獨(dú)作謂語動詞,除非省略句中。他們只參加時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣或否定、疑問結(jié)構(gòu)。情態(tài)動詞有詞義,可以用來表示說話者的語氣和態(tài)度。主要的助動詞和情態(tài)動詞如下表:助動詞情態(tài)動詞be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)can, could, be able tohave(has, had , having)may mightshall, will(should, would)shall, should, (ought to)will, would do (does, did)dare, need, must一、助動詞助動詞的主要用法助動詞一般沒有詞意,不能單獨(dú)作謂語動詞。其作用在于幫助構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定、疑問等。(一)助動詞be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)的用法1、 be后跟現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài)。Who is playing the violin?誰在拉小提琴?2、be后跟過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。He was asked to do the work. 有人要他干這件工作。3、be 后跟不定式作謂語,有如下幾種情況:表示計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事;表示指示、命令,否定式表禁止;表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任等,同should;用來表示命運(yùn)或注定等。Im to have supper with John this afternoon. 今天下午我要與約翰一起吃晚飯。You are not to enter the room without permission. 未經(jīng)允許你不能進(jìn)入房間。What is to be done?該干什么。He was to regret the decision.他有一天會后悔做出這一決定的。(二)助動詞have(has, had, having)的用法1、助動詞have可以構(gòu)成完成時或完成進(jìn)行時He has been a doctor for 10 years. 他當(dāng)醫(yī)生十年了。2、和不定式構(gòu)成謂語,表示客觀上不得不做的事情。-Do we missed the train?我們得立刻工作嗎?-No. We dont have to. 不,不必了。3、do(does, did) 的用法(1)構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句How did you know about it?你是怎樣知道這件事的。He does not smoke. 他不抽煙。(2)用于肯定句中加強(qiáng)語氣,意為:真的、確實、務(wù)必。He did tell that. 他的確告訴了此事。Do e and see us. 一定來看我們。(3)代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動詞,避免重復(fù)。-You like popular music, dont you?你喜歡流行音樂,是吧?-Yes , I do. 是的,我喜歡。He speaks French as fluently as she does. 他講法語和她講的一樣流利。(4)用于倒裝句中。Never did he pay attention to my words. 他從不注意我的話。Only then did I understand the importance of English. 只是那時,我才了解到英語的重要。(5)構(gòu)成否定的祈使句。Dont be so careless. 不要那么粗心。Dont you do that again.以后不要再做那樣的事。4、shall(should)和will(would) 的用法(1)shall(should)用于第一人稱的將來時中,單純表示將來I shall think it over. 我要好好考慮一下。I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打電話告訴她我要去倫敦。(2)will只用于第二、第三人稱的將來時態(tài)中You will have an English test tomorrow. 明天你有英語小測驗。He wanted to know when you would finish the writing. 他想知道你何時完成寫作。二、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度,認(rèn)為“可能、應(yīng)當(dāng)、必要”等等,但本身意義不完全,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,必須和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。除ought, used, have后跟不定式外,其他情態(tài)動詞一律跟動詞原形。情態(tài)動詞主要有:can/could, may/might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, have to等。(一)情態(tài)動詞的特征(1)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。(2)大部分情態(tài)動詞有過去式:(3)少部分情態(tài)動詞沒過去式或者說過去式與原形相,used to 只有過去式形式。(4)大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞后面還可跟動詞的進(jìn)行時、完成時和被動式形式:(二)情態(tài)動詞表示可能與推測情態(tài)動詞肯定式否定式疑問式must必定、必然/will很可能、大概不會、不該會嗎?would可能性比will小語氣比wont弱語氣比will弱should確定或可能有的或期待/ought to總應(yīng)該、理應(yīng)(含義同should)/can/不可能有可能嗎?could可以的可能不可能語氣比can弱may或許、也許、也未可知、也說不定可能不/might比may弱比may not弱/教你巧學(xué)巧記:巧記表“推測”的情態(tài)動詞用法 表“推測”時,情態(tài)動詞可用can,could,may,might,must。must表“一定”,只用于肯定句,其否定形式要用cant;may(might)表“或許”,可能性較小,不用于疑問句;can表“可能”,不用于肯定句。為方便記憶,可用一句話來記憶,即:肯(can)不肯?妹(may)不問,媽媽(must)肯定不否問。“肯(can)不肯”即can不用于肯定句;“妹(may)不問” 即may不用于疑問句;“媽媽(must)肯定不否問” 即must只用于肯定句,而不用于否定句和疑問句中。(三)“情態(tài)動詞+have done”用法一覽表情態(tài)動詞+have done用法例句must have done表示對過去動作的肯定推測,意為:可能、一定,用于肯定的陳述句中。I have not seen him for quite a long time. He must have been very busy.我很久沒見他了,他一定很忙。can have done用于對過去動作的推測,表示可能,常用于否定句和疑問句She cant have gone to work. Its Sunday.她不可能去上班,今天是星期日。 She is two hours late. What can have happened?她已經(jīng)晚了兩個小時,可能會發(fā)生什么事情呢?could have done表示對過去動作的推測,否定句和疑問句,作用和can have done相同,但表達(dá)的可能性較小或說話人更加不肯定。用于肯定句中,表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性,表示遺憾,意為:“本來可以”You could have e here a little earlier.你本來可以早一點(diǎn)到這里來的。You could have used my car. I didnt use it all the morning.你該用我的車,我一早晨沒用。may have done may have done用于對過去動作的推測,表示 或許;可能,多用于肯定句和否定句。She is late. She may have missed the bus.她遲到了,她可能沒趕上車。might have done 表示程度上比may更小的可能性??梢杂糜谝蓡柧渲?。也可以表示“本應(yīng)該做某事”含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。 He might have arrived home by now. Lets ring him up again.現(xiàn)在他可能已經(jīng)到家了,我們再給他打一次電話吧。You might have been more careful.你本來可以多加小心的。should have done 肯定形式表示過去應(yīng)該做的事而沒有做,其否定形式表示 過去不該做的事卻做了,含有批評的意思。I shouldnt have ordered the equipment without asking you first.我不該預(yù)先不請示你就訂購了設(shè)備。ought to have done肯定形式表示過去應(yīng)該做的事而沒有做,其否定形式表示 過去不該做的事卻做了,含有批評的意思。You ought to have paid more attention to your lessons.你本應(yīng)該多注意自己的功課的。She ought not to have kept us waiting so long.她不應(yīng)該讓我們等那么長時間。neednt have done表示 本來不必做的事卻做了 You neednt have told that to him.你本來沒有必要把那事告訴他。(實際卻告訴了)had better have done用于時候的建議,含輕微責(zé)備的口氣,意為:當(dāng)時最好做了某事,其否定式表達(dá)意義相反I would rather have started earlier. Youd better not have scold her.would rather have done表示“當(dāng)時寧愿做了某事” 其否定式表達(dá)意義相反I would rather have taken her advice.(三)情態(tài)動詞表示某一特定的語氣1、can用于否定句、疑問句和感嘆句中,表驚異懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。Where can they be now?他們現(xiàn)在能在哪兒呢?What can he mean?他會是什么意思? 2、must表示與說話人愿望相反及不耐煩,意為:偏要。 Why must it rain on Sunday? 偏要在星期天下雨, 討厭! 3、may表祝愿(不能用might)。May all our dreams e true.愿我們夢想成真。May that day e soon. 愿這一天早日到來。 4、should與why, who, how 等連用, 表示說話人對某事不理解、感到意外、驚異等意思,意為:竟會。 Why should you be so late today?你今天怎么來的這么晚? I dont know why you should think that I did it. 我真不明白你憑什么認(rèn)為這件事使我干的。(四)情態(tài)動詞表示委婉地語氣1、can和could表比較委婉客氣地提出請求。這時could和can沒有時間上的差別,只不過用could比用can顯得更加委婉客氣。-Could /Might I borrow your dictionary? 我把字典借給我可以嗎?-Yes, of course you can/may. 當(dāng)然可以。 No, Im afraid not.注意:回答允許時肯定的回答用can,不能用could/might。2、may和might表示許可或征詢對方許可。May I watch TV after supper?晚飯后我可以看電視嗎?He said that I might use the telephone.他說我可以用電話。注意:征詢許可時,might比may更恭敬有禮。may的否定形式為may not,但表示“不可以”、“阻止”等意思時常用must not(musnt)代替may not。3、should用于使一個直接或直率的陳述變得婉轉(zhuǎn)、謙遜,意為:可, 倒。I should think he would like to go.我倒是認(rèn)為他愿意去I should hardly think so.我倒并不那樣想。You are mistaken, I should think so.要我說,你是搞錯了。(五)情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1、can和could表能力 (1)意為“能夠會”,表示體力或腦力等方面的能力Can you ride a bike?你能騎自行車嗎?I could run faster then. 我那時能跑得更快一些。(2)當(dāng)can和could表示能力時,有時可以用be able to替換,could表過去,can表現(xiàn)在,有時也可表將來,但不能與will, shall等助動詞連用;be able to可以用于將來、完成等時態(tài)。With his help, we shall be able to build the house.在他的幫助下,我們將能夠建造房屋了。(3)當(dāng)我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去確實使用了某種能力時,要用was(were)able to,而不用could。was able to 表示“設(shè)法干成某事”,即succeed in doing sth.或manage to do sth.而could只表示“具備某種能力”。He is such a good swimmer that he was able to save the two boys from drowning the other day.他是一位游泳健將,因此前些日子他救上了兩名溺水男孩。2、must和have to (1)must表示“必須”,“應(yīng)該”。否定式must not(mustnt)表示“不應(yīng)該”,“不許可”,“不準(zhǔn)”,“禁止”等。在回答帶有must的問句時,否定式常用need not(neednt)或dont have to 表示“不必”,而不用must not (mustnt)。The work must be finished as soon as possible.這件工作必須盡快完成。You mustnt speak like that. 你不能那樣說話。(2)have to表示“必須”,“不得不”,在這個意義上與must與很接近,但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而have to 表示的卻是客觀需要。have to 有更多的時態(tài)形式:現(xiàn)在時,過去時,將來時等,而must只有現(xiàn)在時形式。have to 不能代替表推測的must,但在虛擬條件句中用had had to+動詞原形表示與過去相反的情況。I have to go now. 我得走了。(客觀需要)I must go now. 我必須走。(主觀看法)I shall have to go to school tomorrow. 明天我得去上學(xué)了。You must be joking.你一定是在開玩笑。(不能用have to)3、shall(1)用在疑問句中,用來征求對方意見或請求指示或向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh,用于第一、三人稱。 Shall we start the meeting now?我們現(xiàn)在開會好嗎?Shall those books be sent over to you at once?那些書立即給你送過來嗎?(2)用于第二、三人稱,表示說話者的意圖、警告、命令、決心、許諾等, 主語的行動受講話者支配。意為:必須, 應(yīng), 可He shall suffer for this. He shall pay you what he owes you. 他必將自食其果,他欠的債一定得還。(威脅)He shall have a bicycle for his birthday.他可以得到一架自行車作為生日禮物。(3)在問句中, 征 詢對方對于主語行動的意見(提供幫助, 提出建議、要求給予指示和征求意見), 主要用于第一、三人稱。意為: 好嗎? 要不要? Shall I carry your bag ?我?guī)湍隳檬痔岚? 好嗎?Shall he e to see you ? 要不要他來看你?(4)用于第三人稱, 在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定。意為:應(yīng), 必須No reader shall remove a book from the library without consent of the librarian.非經(jīng)管理員同意, 讀者不準(zhǔn)把書帶出圖書館。4、should(1)表“勸告、建議”時,可譯成“應(yīng)該”,這時可用ought to替換。You should keep your promise.你應(yīng)該遵守諾言。(2)表示委婉陳述自己的意見。I should think you are right. 我想你是對的。I should advise you not to go now. 我勸你現(xiàn)在別走。(3)表示驚異贊嘆、憂慮、惋惜、歡欣、不滿等情緒。Why should you think so?你為何這樣想呢?(不滿)Its strange that it should be so hot today. 很怪,今天怎么這么熱。(驚奇)(4)表推測 意為“可能,該”,表示對現(xiàn)在情況、將來情況的某推測。They should be home by now. 他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)郊伊恕he book you need should be in our library. 你需要的那本書我們圖書館應(yīng)該有。5、ought to(1)ought沒有人稱或時態(tài)的變化,后跟帶to的不定式。常譯作“應(yīng)該”,“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等,和should同義,只是口氣稍重一些。其否定式為ought not to (oughtnt to ),疑問式為Ought I /you to?You ought to start at once你應(yīng)該立刻出發(fā)。(2)表示沒有履行過去的義務(wù)時,用“ought to +完成時。You ought to have told me about this earlier. (But you didnt)你本來應(yīng)該早一點(diǎn)把此事告訴我。(但沒有)6、used to used to只有一種存在形式,一般過去式。具體用法如下:(1)在肯定句中,表示現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)不再發(fā)生,不復(fù)存在的過去的行為和存在的狀態(tài)。He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day. 他過去每天抽20支煙。There used to be a building ther(5) 那里曾經(jīng)有座大樓。(2)在疑問句、否定句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,可以有兩種形式:Used you to go to work by bike?Did you use to go to work by bike?你過去常騎車上班嗎?He usednt to smoke as much as he does now. John used to be very fat, didnt he/usednt he?約翰曾經(jīng)很胖,是嗎。Used you to live in Shanghai?你過去曾住在上海?Yes, I did/ I used to. 是的。(3)used to 與would的區(qū)別:情態(tài)動詞used to 和would都可以表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作,但有下列不同點(diǎn):(1) used to 表示確定的過去時間,不需與確定的過去時間連用,而would一般與時間狀語連用。used to 含有與現(xiàn)在相比較的意思,而would沒有。He used to get up early. 他過去常常早起。(現(xiàn)在不早起了)The old man would go to the park every day to have morning exercises. 那位老人以前每天都去公園晨練。(沒有與現(xiàn)在相比較的意思)(2)used to 指過去反復(fù)發(fā)生或持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作,而would僅指地去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,不指持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作;另外,used to 即既表動作還表狀態(tài),而would只表動作不表狀態(tài),因此下列句中的used to 不能用would代替。People used to think that the earth was flat. 人們過去認(rèn)為地球是平的。She used to be very nervous in the exam. 她以前考試常常很緊張。(3)used to 表客觀事實,would則表示一種意愿。When he lived by the sea, he used to suffer diseases. 他住在海邊時,經(jīng)常有病。(used to 不能換成would)There used to be a small village here.這里曾經(jīng)有一個小村莊。7、daredare作情態(tài)動詞表示“敢”,主要用于否定句、疑問句和感嘆句,無詞形變化,單數(shù)第三人稱不加-s。(1)通常用于否定句和疑問句,其用法同其他情態(tài)動詞。She darent even look out. 她甚至不敢向外看。Dare you go to school by yourself?你敢獨(dú)自一人去上學(xué)嗎?How dare you say I am unfair?你怎么敢說我不公平!I dare not sleep in that room again.我再也不敢睡在那房間了。(2)dare在句子含有否定意義或疑問意義時;在簡略答語中;狀語從句中。也用于肯定句中。- 1.請仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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