2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 第二部分 語法 專題七 定語從句.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 第二部分 語法 專題七 定語從句 考點1　which引導的非限制性定語從句 1．It is a truly delightful place，________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(xx湖南，29) A．a(chǎn)s B．where C．that D．which 2．China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(xx福建，34) A．who B．whom C．that D．which 3．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates remended to me.(xx北京，26) A．who B．which C．when D．where 考點歸納 which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾整個主句時，從句要放在主句后。which在從句中作實義動詞的主語時，不能用as代替。如果主從句語義不一致，要用which引導定語從句。 He came at last，which we didn’t expect. 他最終來了，這是我們所沒想到的。 考點2　where引導的定語從句 1．The boss of the pany is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.(xx天津，15) A．where B．which C．when D．who 2．Students should involve themselves in munity activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.(xx福建，31) A．who B．when C．which D．where 3．Sales director is a position ________ munication ability is just as important as sales skills.(xx重慶，29) A．which B．that C．when D．where 考點歸納 當先行詞為position，case，point，stage，situation，condition等表示抽象地點的名詞，且定語從句中不缺少主要成分時，常用where引導定語從句，此時where相當于under which，from which，意為“在這種情況下，從……中”。一些不是明顯表示地點的名詞作先行詞時，也常用where引導定語從句。 He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.(xx江西，33) 他寫了一封信，在信中，他解釋了這起事故中發(fā)生的事情。 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.(xx四川，9) 現(xiàn)在人們更加關注他們生活的環(huán)境。 考點3　when引導的定語從句 1．As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.(xx陜西，15) A．which B．where C．whom D．when 2．I didn’t bee a serious climber until the fifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(xx浙江，5) A．when B．where C．which D．why 考點歸納 關系副詞when在定語從句中作狀語，一般不能省略，可用“介詞＋which”替換。when指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，它的先行詞通常為time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示時間的名詞。有時候when也可以和部分介詞一起引導定語從句。 I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane. 我仍然記得第一次坐飛機旅行的時間。 She went to Japan two years ago，since when I haven’t heard from her. 她兩年前去了日本，從那以后我就沒有收到過她的來信。 考點4　whose引導的定語從句 1．The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(xx四川，3) A．which B．what C．whose D．that 2．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.(xx福建，27) A．whose B．that C．who D．which 考點歸納 whose一般指人，但有時也指物，在定語從句中作定語。指物時，“whose＋名詞”可用“限定詞＋名詞＋of which”或“of which＋限定詞＋名詞”來代替。 Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent? 你認識那個日語非常優(yōu)秀的姑娘嗎？ Please pass me the book whose cover is green.(Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.) 請遞給我綠皮的那本書。 考點5　“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞等＋of＋which/whom”引導的定語從句 1．He wrote many children’s books，nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.(xx重慶，14) A．whom B．which C．them D．that 2．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，________ uses it differently.(xx天津，12) A．a(chǎn)ll of which B．each of which C．a(chǎn)ll of them D．each of them 3．The children，________ had played the whole day long，were worn out.(xx浙江，5) A．a(chǎn)ll of what B．a(chǎn)ll of which C．a(chǎn)ll of them D．a(chǎn)ll of whom 考點歸納 介詞of表示整體和部分的關系，of前邊會出現(xiàn)復雜的形式，常見的有“some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the larger/the biggest/half/many等＋of＋which/whom”形式。做題時如果不好理解，可將關系代詞換成先行詞，則句子結構和意義就比較明顯了。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.(xx重慶，24) 約翰大約邀請了40人參加他的婚禮，其中大多數(shù)是他的家人。 考點6　as引導的定語從句 1．________ is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(xx陜西，16) A．It B．That C．What D．As 2．“You can’t judge a book by its cover，”________．(xx新課標全國Ⅰ，33) A．a(chǎn)s the saying goes old B．goes as the old saying C．a(chǎn)s the old saying goes D．goes as old the saying 考點歸納 1．a(chǎn)s通常引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個主句。 2．a(chǎn)s引導限制性定語從句時，主句中往往有such，the same，as，so等詞。 3．注意such/so...that...(that引導結果狀語從句)和such/so...as...(as引導定語從句)的區(qū)別。 He is such a good boy that we all like him. 他是那么好的一個男孩，我們都喜歡他。 He is such a good boy as we all like. 他是我們都喜歡的好男孩。 解題方法 方法1　先行詞還原法 如果認為是定語從句，大家可以把前面的名詞直接還原到從句中，如果此句意思通順，則為定語從句。 She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A．that B．which C．where D．when 答案　D 解析　考查定語從句的用法。her stay為先行詞，代入定語從句后為：She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there.。when指代her stay，在定語從句中作時間狀語。 方法2　四步分析法 正確選擇引導定語從句的關系詞是學習定語從句的難點，大家可以使用“四步分析法”來正確解答試題。一看指人還是物；二看介詞在何處；三看句中作何用；四看是否性特殊。 (1)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，________ is named after his grandfather. A．which B．where C．what D．that 答案　A 解析　句意為：還是孩子的時候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的鄉(xiāng)村學校學習。分析句子結構可知，此題考查定語從句。定語從句所修飾的先行詞是school，它在定語從句中作主語，因此使用關系代詞，選項中的關系代詞只有which和that，由于是非限制性定語從句，不能使用that，因此選擇A。 (2)Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A．what B．whose C．which D．that 答案　B 解析　句意為：不愛運動或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會很快發(fā)胖。分析句子結構可知，本定語從句不缺主要成分，故排除C、D兩項；what不能引導定語從句，故排除。children與diet是所屬關系，故B項符合題意。 方法3　固定搭配法 在解答定語從句時還要注意一些固定短語，這樣就需要確定關系詞前的介詞等。 Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future. A．on which B．by which C．to which D．from which 答案　C 解析　考查定語從句。句意為：風力是很古老的一種能源，不久的將來我們也許會再利用它。return to重新利用，屬于固定搭配。故排除含有介詞on，by和from的A、B、D三項。 1．Finally，I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life，which must be very interesting.(xx安徽) 最后我想問幾個關于他個人生活的問題，這一定很有意思。 2．In addition，I am an outgoing girl who has rich experience in organizing school activities.(xx陜西) 另外，我是一個性格外向的女孩，在組織學校活動方面有豐富的經(jīng)驗。 3．If I were a interviewer，the famous Chinese I would most want to interview is Li Yuchun，whose English name is Chris Lee.(xx安徽) 如果我是一位采訪者，我最想采訪的中國名人是李宇春，她的英文名字是Chris Lee。 4．This camp will open on July 20th，which offers teenagers，like you and me，a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.(xx北京，書面表達一) 這次野營將于7月20日開始，它給你我這樣的年輕人提供了一次享受運動并了解中國文化的機會。 5．Sally was a successful teacher，who taught some naughty students.(xx廣東，讀寫任務) Sally是一位成功的老師，她教過一些頑皮的學生。 6．Recently，in order to broaden our horizons，our school newspaper，which is very popular among us students，will start a column about western life and culture.(xx全國Ⅰ) 近期，為了拓展視野我們校報將開設一個有關西方生活及文化的欄目，這份報紙在我們學生中很受歡迎。 提醒：完成作業(yè)　強化練(七)  強化練(七)強化練(七)　定語從句 (建議用時：12分鐘) 1．As a dark horse，China’s football team was through to the quarterfinals ________ it lost to the host country Australia.(xx南京、鹽城二模，25) A．a(chǎn)s B．what C．that D．where 2．Robin Williams was lucky because he was offered so many parts ________ he could be whatever he needed to be—the roles that ensured his spot among the edy greats.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模，31) A．when B．where C．which D．that 3．This course is based on a project，one of ________ aims is to improve the students’ prehensive ability in English.(xx蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模，21) A．whose B．which C．its D．what 4．Many college students are willing to work in Western China after graduation ________，poor and backward as it is，more opportunities of employment are available.(xx泰州二模，33) A．where B．when C．that D．which 5．More and more people go jogging in the morning，________ benefits for health arise from the air rich in oxygen.(xx南通、連云港二模，31) A．which B．that C．whose D．who 6．Personal space is the region surrounding a person ________ they regard as psychologically theirs.(xx南京、鹽城一模，30) A．who B．where C．when D．which 7．Mr.Wang is just one of the victims from ________ houses the thieves stole money and other valuables.(xx蘇北四市一模，31) A．whose B．those C．whom D．their 8．He was admitted to our school last year，a top school in our hometown，________ he has been crazy about reading electronic novels，killing time.(xx江蘇百校聯(lián)考，32) A．a(chǎn)fter that B．since that C．a(chǎn)fter when D．since when 9．—Why didn’t you watch the program “Where are we going，Dad？”？ —It was because something was wrong with the web TV ________ too many users were receiving it.(xx江蘇百校聯(lián)考，34) A．which B．that C．through that D．through which 10．Evidence provided by the school has proved that John was once a good student ________ grades and attendance fell as he became addicted to playing puter games. A．which B．of which C．of whom D．whose 11．Another food crop raised by Indians ________ was strange to the European was called Indian corn. A．when B．whose C．which D．where 12．Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually. A．that B．where C．which D．whose 13．Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing. A．when B．whose C．which D．where 14．His study in Peking University lasted four years，________ he founded his own pany in Hong Kong. A．a(chǎn)fter which B．a(chǎn)fter when C．a(chǎn)fter that D．a(chǎn)fter it 15．Examination positions，together with most business letters and government reports，are the main situations ________ formal language is used. A．where B．why C．which D．what 16．Most electronic devices of this kind，________ manufactured for such purpose，are tightly packed. A．that are B．a(chǎn)s are C．which is D．it is 17．The teacher talked with Jim，________ problems was poor study habits. A．whose B．which C．one of whose D．one of which 18．Traditionally，the church and the pub are the heart of any village or town in Britain，________ the local people gather together to socialize and exchange news. A．which B．when C．where D．whose 19．I’m very grateful to my high school teachers，without ________ help I wouldn’t be so excellent. A．whom B．them C．whose D．which 20．The science of puter，________ rapid progress has been made in recent years，plays a very important role in our daily life. A．in which B．from which C．with which D．to which  學生用書答案精析 專題七　定語從句 考點1 1．D　[考查定語從句引導詞的選擇。句意為：它確實是一個令人感到快樂的地方，它看起來一定跟100年前一樣，有著蜿蜒的街道和美麗的村舍。本句中先行詞是a truly delightful place，且后面的定語從句中缺少主語，可用which或that引導；又因為前后兩部分用逗號連接，所以所填詞引導非限制性定語從句，故用which。] 2．D　[考查非限制性定語從句。句意為：《今日中國》吸引了全世界的讀者，這表明世界上越來越多的人想了解中國。先行詞是前面的整個主句，在從句中作主語，且空格前有逗號，故用which來引導。] 3．B　[考查定語從句。此處the book Sherlock Holmes是先行詞，指物，關系詞在從句中作remended的賓語；又因為是非限制性定語從句，故選B項。] 考點2 1．A　[考查定語從句的引導詞。句意為：該公司的老板正在努力營造一種輕松的氛圍，這樣他的員工就可以在這種氛圍中享受工作的樂趣。分析句子結構可知，空格處引導定語從句，先行詞為an easy atmosphere，且從句中缺少地點狀語，故要用where。] 2．D　[考查定語從句的引導詞。關系副詞where引導定語從句修飾先行詞munity activities，且在從句中作地點狀語。] 3．D　[考查定語從句的引導詞。句意為：銷售總監(jiān)是一個溝通能力和銷售能力同樣重要的職位。分析題干可知a position后是一個定語從句，而該從句的引導詞在從句中作地點狀語，故選D項。在定語從句中，當position，point，case，stage，situation等表示抽象地點的名詞充當先行詞時，若定語從句中缺少狀語，則用where來引導定語從句。] 考點3 1．D　[考查定語從句。句意為：作為家里最小的孩子，亞歷克斯總是盼望著他能獨立的時候。分析句子結構可知，空格處引導定語從句，先行詞為the time，表示時間，且從句中缺少狀語，故用when引導。] 2．A　[考查定語從句。句意為：直到五年級我才成為一個熱衷攀爬的人，當時我爬上樹取下了一個掛在樹枝上的風箏。when引導的非限制性定語從句是對先行詞the fifth grade的進一步說明，when在從句中作時間狀語。] 考點4 1．C　[考查定語從句。句意為：桌面上那些封面閃亮的書是為我們準備的獎品。本題考查非限制性定語從句的引導詞，先行詞the books和covers之間是所有關系，故選C。] 2．A　[句意為：這本書透過生活受到地震影響的人們的視角講述地震的故事。本題的先行詞是those表示人，定語從句的主語是lives，與先行詞構成所屬關系，應使用關系代詞whose引導。] 考點5 1．B　[考查定語從句。句意為：他寫了許多兒童讀物，幾乎有一半的書是在20世紀90年代出版的。逗號之后是一個修飾children’s books的非限制性定語從句，which指代children’s books。] 2．B　[考查定語從句。句意為：英語是一種被幾種不同文化共享的語言，每種文化都用不同的方式使用它。前后兩個分句間無連詞，又由標點符號“逗號”可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，對先行詞diverse cultures進行補充說明，再由后面謂語動詞uses可知，B項正確。] 3．D　[考查定語從句。先行詞為children，故排除A、B兩項；all of them不能構成定語從句。D項中whom為關系代詞，指代前面的children，故答案為D項。] 考點6 1．D　[考查as引導的非限制性定語從句。句意為：就像其他小孩子一樣，醫(yī)生來的時候Amy好多了。as is often the case通常就是這樣，此處as引導定語從句。] 2．C　[考查非限制性定語從句的語序。句意為：常言道，人不可貌相。as引導非限制性定語從句，表示“正如”，不用倒裝。]  二輪專題強化練答案精析 強化練(七)　定語從句 1．D　[考查定語從句。句意為：中國足球隊作為一匹黑馬一舉進入四分之一決賽，在四分之一決賽中，輸給了東道主澳大利亞隊。quarterfinals為定語從句的先行詞，從句中缺少地點狀語，應用where引導。故選D項。] 2．B　[考查定語從句。句意為：羅賓威廉姆斯很幸運，因為他被提供了很多角色，他需要扮演什么就能演什么，這些角色保證了他在喜劇大師中的地位。parts為定語從句的先行詞，從句中缺少地點狀語，應用where引導。故選B項。] 3．A　[考查定語從句。句意為：這個課程是建立在一個項目的基礎上的，這個項目的目的之一是提高學生的英語綜合能力。project為定語從句的先行詞，代入定語從句中為one of the project’s aims...，用whose。故選A項。] 4．A　[句意為：許多大學生畢業(yè)后愿意去中國西部工作，那里，盡管貧窮和落后，卻有更多的就業(yè)機會。題干中的定語從句中包含了一個as引導的讓步狀語從句。定語從句中先行詞是Western China，缺少地點狀語。故選A。] 5．C　[考查定語從句。句意為：越來越多的人早晨去慢跑，它對健康的好處來自含有充足氧氣的空氣。jogging為定語從句的先行詞，代入定語從句中為：Jogging’s benefits for health...，故用whose引導定語從句。選C項。] 6．D　[考查定語從句。句意為：個人空間是指一個人周圍的區(qū)域，人們在心理上會認為這個區(qū)域是屬于他們自己的。the region為定語從句的先行詞，從句中的regard后缺少賓語，應用which引導。故選D項。] 7．A　[考查定語從句。句意為：王先生只是家里遭賊，錢和其他貴重物品被盜的受害者之一。先行詞是victims，從句中houses前缺少定語，應用whose，whose houses指the victims’ houses。故選A項。] 8．D　[考查定語從句。句意為：去年他被我們學校錄取，一所我們家鄉(xiāng)最好的學校，從那時起他瘋狂地閱讀電子小說，消磨時間。先行詞是last year，從句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時，所在用since when引導定語從句。故選D項。] 9．D　[考查定語從句。句意為：——你為什么不看《爸爸去哪兒？》這個節(jié)目??？——是因為網(wǎng)絡電視壞了，太多的用戶通過網(wǎng)絡電視來接收這個節(jié)目。先行詞是web TV，太多的用戶通過網(wǎng)絡電視接收節(jié)目，因此用through which引導定語從句。故選D項。] 10．D　[句意為：學校提供的證據(jù)證明約翰曾是個好學生，當他開始對電腦游戲上癮的時候他的成績和出勤率下降了。先行詞為John，whose引導定語從句，在從句中充當grades and attendance的定語，相當于John’s grades and attendance，故答案選D。] 11．C　[考查定語從句。句意為：印度人種植的對歐洲人來說很奇怪的另一種作物被叫作印度玉米?？蘸蟮亩ㄕZ從句中缺少主語，先行詞是Another food crop，應用which或that引導定語從句。故選C。] 12．A　[考查定語從句。句意為：史蒂芬霍金認為地球不可能是生命逐漸進化的唯一星球。因前面有the only故從句中關系代詞只能用that，選A。] 13．D　[考查定語從句。句意為：那些失聰?shù)某晒ξ璧秆輪T們認為，舞蹈是一項視覺比聽覺更為重要的活動。根據(jù)句子結構判斷，空白處缺引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞，由于先行詞activity在從句中擔任地點狀語所以應該選擇關系副詞where。] 14．A　[考查定語從句。句意為：他在北大的學習了四年，之后他在香港成立了自己的公司。分析句子結構可知該處為非限制性定語從句，用關系代詞which指代前面的“在北大學習四年”這件事，又因為成立公司在學習之后，故選A。] 15．A　[考查定語從句。當situation，stage等表示抽象意義的詞作先行詞時，其后的定語從句常用where來引導。] 16．B　[考查定語從句。從句的先行詞是devices of this kind，表示復數(shù)，故定語從句中的謂語動詞的數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致，因此排除C、D；由空前逗號可知該句是一個非限制性定語從句，不能用that引導，因此排除A。選B。] 17．C　[考查定語從句。句意為：老師跟Jim談話，他的問題之一就是差的學習習慣。后半句是定語從句，此處意為：Jim的問題之一，用one of whose引導定語從句。] 18．C　[考查定語從句。后半句是定語從句，修飾先行詞the church and the pub，從句中缺少地點狀語，故用where引導。] 19．C　[考查定語從句。句意為：我非常感謝我的高中老師，沒有他們的幫助我不會如此優(yōu)秀。without為介詞提前，先行詞為teachers，所填詞在定語從句中作定語修飾help，故用whose。] 20．A　[考查定語從句。句意為：近幾年來，計算機科學已經(jīng)取得了巨大的進步，而且在我們的日常生活中也起到了重要的作用。此處make rapid progress in sth.“在……方面取得進步”，the science of puter可以還原到介詞in后作賓語，故為先行詞，介詞in可以提前，故選A。]