2019-2020年中考英語 語法專題突破 專題八 動詞 人教新目標(biāo)版.doc

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2019-2020年中考英語 語法專題突破 專題八 動詞 人教新目標(biāo)版 考查點 年份 題號 考查角度 選項設(shè)置 分值 名詞詞 義辨析 xx 42 動詞詞義辨析 read/watch/guess/listen 1分 46 動詞詞義辨析 rest/shake/look/work 1分 50 動詞詞義辨析 save/help/care/relax 1分 xx 35 感官動詞辨析 smells/tastes/feels/sounds 1分 48 動詞詞義辨析 asked/told/replied/spoke 1分 49 動詞詞義辨析 boring/buy/take/sell 1分 xx 46 動詞詞義辨析 mind/keep/like/remember 1分 55 動詞詞義辨析 moves/happens/appears/develops 1分 xx 46 動詞詞義辨析 moves/es/returns/leaves 1分 48 動詞詞義辨析 won/began/failed/ended 1分 50 動詞詞義辨析 tried/forgot/stopped/remembered 1分 2011 37 感官動詞辨析 feels/sounds/tastes/smells 1分 47 動詞詞義辨析 liked/hated/found/lost 1分 50 動詞詞義辨析 happened/changed/ended/appeared 1分 類別 功能 例詞 表示狀態(tài) 表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。 am，is，are，was，were 表示持續(xù) 表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種身份和狀態(tài)。 keep，remain，stay，stand，lie 表示感官 表示人體感官的系動詞。 look，feel，smell，taste，sound 表示狀態(tài) 變化 表示主語從一種狀態(tài)變換到另一種狀態(tài)。 bee，get，go，grow，turn 分類 作用 be am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞→現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞→過去進(jìn)行時 be＋過去分詞→被動語態(tài) do 形式有do，does，did，用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，或用在動詞前加強(qiáng)語氣 have have/has＋過去分詞→現(xiàn)在完成時 had＋過去分詞→過去完成時 have＋been＋現(xiàn)在分詞→現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 will/shall will/shall＋動詞原形→一般將來時 would/should＋動詞原形→過去將來時 形式 構(gòu)成 例詞 動詞原形 不帶to的動詞不定式形式。 be，do，have，e 第三人稱 單數(shù) 一般在動詞原形后直接加s。 work→works read→reads 以s，o，x，z，sh，ch結(jié)尾的動詞，后加es。 go→goes wash→washes 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)將y改為i再加es。 fly→flies study→studies 過去式與 過去分詞 一般在動詞原形后直接加ed。 work→worked stay→stayed 在以e結(jié)尾的動詞后只加d。 close→closed like→liked 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)將y改為i再加ed。 study→studied carry→carried 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫此輔音字母再加ed。 stop→stopped plan→planned 現(xiàn)在分詞 一般在動詞原形后直接加ing。 sleep→sleeping wait→waiting 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e再加ing。 smile→smiling move→moving 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫此輔音字母再加ing。 sit→sitting dig→digging plan→planning 少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變ie為y，再加ing。 die→dying lie→lying C．contact D．connect (　　)10.(xx無錫中考)—The school network will be shut down for safety reasons. —That doesnt ________ me at all.Im not a networm，anyway. A．satisfy B．surprise C．worry D．include (　　)11.(xx邯鄲35中模擬)My brother ________ to move the heavy box，but I didnt give up. A．reminded B．refused C．a(chǎn)greed D．considered (　　)12.(xx秦皇島中考模擬)The girl is greatly interested in the song.The lyrics of it ________ her thoughts and feelings. A．express B．discuss C．expect D．imagine (　　)13.(xx唐山一模)—Im sorry I left my homework at home.Shall I go and ________ it? —No，you neednt.Bring it here tomorrow. A．get　 B．send　 C．take　 D．pass (　　)14.(xx承德中考模擬)—Who reached the station on time? —I ________！ In fact，I arrived there 5 minutes earlier. A．was　 B．reached　 C．did　 D．do (　　)15.(xx廊坊中考模擬)I dont ________ the heat，for Im used to hot weather. A．like　 B．mind　 C．know　 D．stand (　　)16.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)He is an honest boy.I have no reason to ________ what he said. A．hear　B．doubt　C．repeat　D．believe (　　)17.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)It ________ about eight minutes for sunlight(陽光)to travel from the sun to the earth. A．takes B．spends C．costs D．pays (　　)18.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)He always doesnt know where to ________ for vacation. A．go　 B．lead　 C．make　 D．invite (　　)19.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)We all know that learning a foreign language ________ time and effort. A．requires B．reduces C．removes D．repeats (　　)20.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)—I got a message saying my phone number won a prize worth $3 ，000. —Too good to be true.Dont ________ it. A．do　 B．hold　 C．make　 D．believe (　　)21.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Although Lucy is only three years old，she is able to ________ herself. A．put　 B．make　 C．wear　 D．dress (　　)22.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)The local people like that Italian restaurant because it ________ both delicious food and good service. A．uses B．wants C．shares D．provides 第二節(jié)　動詞短語 河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢 考查點 年份 題號 考查角度 選項設(shè)置 分值 動詞短語 xx 35 動詞短語辨析 look for/pay__for/ask for/wait for 1分 48 動詞短語辨析 give up/put__down/pick up/think about 1分 xx 36 get短語辨析 get up/get__off/get to/get in 1分 52 動詞短語辨析 take out/cut off/put down/pick__up 1分 84 動詞短語 turned__on 1分 xx 41 動詞短語辨析 take down/turn up/take away/turn__off 1分 53 動詞短語辨析 looking for/worrying about/waiting__for/ thinking about 1分 xx 39 down短語辨析 cut down/look down/turn down/put__down 1分 2011 35 take短語辨析 take out of/take__care__of/take part in/take away from 1分 　　河北中考單項選擇題對動詞短語的考查主要偏向take/turn/put/down短語等?？疾樾问街饕性谌齻€方面：①同一動詞＋不同介詞，如xx年36題的get短語，2011年35題的take短語；②不同動詞＋同一介詞，如xx年39題的down短語；③不同動詞＋不同介詞，如xx年的41題。設(shè)題形式為簡單句，詞數(shù)多為9～13。預(yù)測xx年河北中考的單項選擇題會考查動詞短語辨析。 河北中考重難點突破 【考點搶測】 (　　)1.—Its hot today，isnt it? —Yes，it is.Why not ________ your jacket? A．take care　　　　　　B．take place C．take after D．take off (　　)2.To keep healthy，many people ________ every day. A．take a shower B．take pride C．take a look D．take exercise (　　)3.(xx保定8中模擬)I have ________ my watch everywhere.But I cannot find it. A．looked at B．looked up C．looked for D．looked after (　　)4.Again and again the doctor ________ the crying baby girl but he couldnt find out what was wrong with her. A．looked over B．looked after C．looked for D．looked out (　　)5.There arent many tickets left for the concert，so youd better ________ that you get one today. A．make sure of B．make a decision C．make sure D．make plans (　　)6.The firemen soon ________ the big fire. A．put off B．put up C．put out D．put on (　　)7.(xx邯鄲25中模擬)The Olympic Games of xx will ________ in Brazil. A．take after B．take off C．take place D．take away (　　)8.Well ________ an English play Snow White during this years Art Festival. A．look up B．look out C．put off D．put on (　　)9.Because of the bad weather，we have to ________ the meeting till next week. A．take off B．get off C．put off D．set off (　　)10.My bike is broken.Could you help me to ________？ A．fix it up B．set it up C．make it up D．put it up (　　)11.The heavy snow didnt ________ the international airlines. A．pay attention to B．a(chǎn)dd to C．make a difference to D．keep to (　　)12.This morning I ________ some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday. A．picked up B．looked up C．cleaned up D．gave up (　　)13.(xx承德2中模擬)—Alice，could you help me ________ the meat？I want to make some dumplings for dinner. —OK.Ill do it right away. A．put up B．give up C．use up D．cut up (　　)14.Dont ________ so often.Its bad for your health. A．get up B．stay up C．look up D．e up (　　)15.He failed in the math test and looks sad.Lets ________. A．put him up B．set him up C．cheer him up D．clean him up (　　)16.(xx石家莊42中模擬)More and more students ________ too much homework and they are really tired of it. A．plain about B．care about C．learn about D．hear about (　　)17.Its cold outside.________ your sweater before you go out. A．Put on B．Turn on C．Put up D．Give up (　　)18.The people in Yaan have met lots of difficulties，but they havent ________ hope. A．picked up B．given up C．looked for D．waited for (　　)19.I am too tired.I dont know how to ______ the problem. A．care about B．deal with C．depend on D．worry about 【滿分點撥】 動詞短語在意義上相當(dāng)于一個實義動詞。動詞短語辨析是近年來各省市中考?？键c，同一個動詞與不同介詞或副詞的搭配、不同動詞與同一個介詞或副詞的搭配會產(chǎn)生不同意義的動詞短語。動詞短語的詞義辨析試題旨在通過題干或微型語境考查考生對上下文的理解、動詞短語的不同搭配識別、記憶及動詞短語詞義的辨析并恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用動詞短語的能力。 分析河北近5年中考真題可看出單項選擇對動詞短語的考查主要集中在三方面： (1)同一動詞＋不同介詞；(2)不同動詞＋同一介詞；(3)不同動詞＋不同介詞。 A．同一動詞＋不同介詞。如： get短語：get up，get off，get to，get in turn短語：turn on，turn off，turn up，turn down B．不同動詞＋同一介詞。如： cut down，look down，turn down，put down put up，get up，look up，wake up C．不同動詞＋不同介詞。如： put on，take off，look for，cut down 河北中考考點精練 (　　)1.(xx鄂州中考)—I hope to be a volunteer on weekends. —You could help to ________ the city parks. A．cheer up　　　　　B．make up C．take up D．clean up (　　)2.(xx淄博中考)Hurry up! The plane will ________ at six oclock. A．put off B．take off C．get off D．turn off (　　)3.(xx攀枝花中考)Dont ________ too late，or you will feel tired next day. A．wake up B．get up C．stay up D．show up (　　)4.(xx撫順中考)Dont worry.I can help you ________ your pet cat when you go on a trip. A．look up B．look at C．look after D．look like (　　)5.(xx烏魯木齊中考)—Have you read little women yet? —Yes.It was so fantastic that I couldnt ________. A．put it off B．put it down C．put it away D．put it up (　　)6.(xx昆明中考)—Waiter，I ordered beef noodles， but I cant see any beef in the noodles! —________ your glasses and you can see the beef. A．Put off B．Put up C．Put on D．Put into (　　)7.(xx隨州中考)As we know，many successful people never ________ no matter what difficulties theyve had. A．stay up B．cheer up C．take up D．give up (　　)8.(xx河南中考)Jane is very busy these days，for she has a lot of problems to ________. A．deal with B．keep up with C．a(chǎn)gree with D．e up with (　　)9.(xx孝感中考)—These problems are too hard to ________ .Will you give me some advice? —There are many ways.The most important is to have a careful plan. A．hand out B．work out C．look out D．break out (　　)10.(xx萊蕪中考)________！ Its not the end of the world.Lets try again. A．Put up B．Set up C．Cheer up D．Pick up (　　)11.(xx十堰中考)________these past three years，I remember many things. A．Looking up to B．Looking out C．Looking back at D．Looking after (　　)12.(xx宜昌中考)—The organization Wild Aid is ________ to protect wild animals. —It has done a lot so far. A．cheered up B．picked up C．taken up D．set up (　　)13.(xx邢臺二模)Spring has e.We cant________ the plan.The trees must be planted this week. A．put off B．make up C．e up with D．look up (　　)14.(xx保定8中模擬)—When will ______ your new book ________？ —It has not been decided yet. A．find out B．e out C．look up D．set up (　　)15.(xx唐山9中模擬)This bus doesnt go to the train station.Im afraid youll have to ________ at the library and take the A52. A．take off B．put off C．get off D．turn off (　　)16.(xx承德2中模擬)—Do you ________ your son after school? —No.He es back home on the school bus. A．pick up B．look after C．drop in D．send for (　　)17.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)CoCo Lee was born in Hong Kong but ________ in America. A．picked up B．gave up C．grew up D．dressed up (　　)18.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)After hours of discussion，we finally________ a new way to solve the problem. A．came up with B．caught up with C．kept up with D．put up with (　　)19.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)We should think of others if we want to ________them. A．get on well with B．hear of C．get ready for D．hear from (　　)20.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測)Mr.Wang is ________ his wallet at home，but he cant find it anywhere. A．looking out B．looking up C．looking at D．looking for 第三節(jié)　情態(tài)動詞 河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢 考查點 年份 題號 考查角度 選項設(shè)置 分值 情態(tài)動詞 基本用法 xx 28 cant的用法 may/cant/must/neednt 1分 xx 34 cant表示不能 cant/mustnt/shouldnt/neednt 1分 xx 34 may表請求的用法 may/must/should/need 1分 2011 36 neednt基本用法 shouldnt/mustnt/neednt/cant 1分 情態(tài)動詞 表推測 xx 35 must表肯定推測 can/may/must/need 1分 　　情態(tài)動詞為河北歷年的必考點，主要為其基本用法和詞義辨析，如：may在疑問句中表請求，neednt表示沒必要，cant表否定推測和不能。特別是must的各種用法，如：must表肯定推測和強(qiáng)制命令。尤其注意在have to和must的問句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt或dont have to。同時，也涉及情態(tài)動詞在被動語態(tài)中的運(yùn)用。設(shè)題形式多為單句或?qū)υ捫问?，且詞數(shù)為10～16。 預(yù)計xx年河北中考的單項選擇題會出現(xiàn)一道考查情態(tài)動詞基本用法的題，且偏向考查must的用法及其問句的答語。 河北中考重難點突破 【考點搶測】 (　　)1.Theres only one day to go.You ________ finish your schoolwork by tomorrow. A．can　　B．will　　C．must　　D．may (　　)2.(xx保定17中模擬)Excuse me，sir.You ________ open the door before the train stops. A．mustnt B．neednt C．may not D．dont have to (　　)3.—Honey，stay home before I return. —I ________，Mom. A．must B．can C．will D．should (　　)4.It ________ be my book.My book has a signature of mine. A．neednt B．mustnt C．cant D．wont (　　)5.That Tshirt ________ be expensive because its designed by a famous designer. A．cant B．mustnt C．must D．should 【滿分點撥】 情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義，本身并不表示動作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達(dá)說話人的態(tài)度。它在句中須和實意動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。 常見情態(tài)動詞的用法 情態(tài)動詞 用法 例句 can 表示能力，意為“能、會”。 Sam can speak English well.Sam英語講得很好。 表示推測，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問句。 She cant be at home now because I saw her out.她現(xiàn)在不可能在家，因為我看見她出去了。 表示請求、允許，意為“可以”。 Can I borrow your bike？我能借你的自行車嗎？ could can的過去式，意為“能、會”，表示過去的能力。 Lang Lang could play the piano well when he was young.郎朗很小的時候鋼琴就彈得非常好。 在疑問句中表示委婉的請求 Could I have one cup of tea？我可以要一杯茶嗎？ must 表示主觀看法，意為“必須、應(yīng)該”。 You must finish your homework first！你首先必須完成你的家庭作業(yè)！ 表示有把握的推測，用于肯定句，表示“一定”。 The coat must be Marys because her name was on it.這個大衣肯定是瑪麗的，大衣上面有她的名字。 should/ ought to 意為“應(yīng)該”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示勸告或建議。 We should protect the air fresh.我們應(yīng)該保持空氣清新。 You ought to teach them carefully.你應(yīng)該耐心地教導(dǎo)他們。 may 表示請求、許可，意為“可以”。 You may sit here if you want.如果你想的話，你可以坐在這兒。 表示推測，常用于肯定句中，意為“可能，也許”。 She may e back tomorrow，but I am not sure.她可能明天回來，但是我不確定。 might may的過去式。 He asked if he might go home.他問是否他可以回家了。 表示請求、許可，語氣比may更委婉。 Might I smoke here？我可以在這里吸煙嗎？ 表示推測，常用于肯定句，意為“可能、也許”(可能性比may小)。 It might rain tomorrow.明天可能有雨。 need 表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。 You neednt say sorry to him.你不需要對他說對不起。 情態(tài)動詞的其他用法 一、must和have to have to表示因外部因素而使得某人“不得不……”；must表示主觀上感到“有必要……”。此外，must只有一般現(xiàn)在時，表示“過去”通常用had to，表示將來要用will have to。have/has/had to＋動詞原形，在改否定句或疑問句時要外加助動詞do/does/did。如： She has to stay at home and look after her sick mother.她得待在家里照顧生病的媽媽。 Does she have to stay at home and look after her sick mother？她得待在家里照顧她生病的媽媽嗎？ Must I go there with you？我必須和你去那兒嗎？ 二、can和be able to 兩者表“能力”時用法相同，但can只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式，其他時態(tài)要用be able to來表示。另外，be able to常常有“做成了某事”的意味。如： Jim cant speak Chinese.吉姆不會說中文。 We will be able to see him next week.下個星期，我們將會看到他。 三、can和may 1．can和may均可用來表示請求或許可，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。如： Can/May I help you？我能幫助你嗎？ 2．can與may表示可能性時的區(qū)別 (1)在肯定句中表推測時，may表示具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性，can表示客觀的(理論上的)可能性。 (2)在疑問句中表推測時用can(可能)，不用may。 (3)在否定句中表推測時用cant(不可能)，may not(可能不)。如： She may be in the classroom.她可能在教室里。 Where can they be now？他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒？ 四、maybe和may be 前者是副詞，意為“大概，或許”，與perhaps/probably同義；后者屬于情態(tài)動詞，may與be動詞用，意為“或許是”。如： Maybe she is in the office.或許她在辦公室。 She may be in the office.她或許是在辦公室。 五、cant和mustnt 表否定推測時應(yīng)用cant。mustnt意為“禁止，不允許”，不用來表推測，在肯定句中可用must表推測，意為“一定”。 六、情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動詞＋be＋done(過去分詞)”。做題時要兼顧情態(tài)動詞和語態(tài)這兩個方面的用法。如： More and more trees must be planted in China. 在中國，越來越多的樹必須被種植。 注意：(1)由need引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用neednt。如： —Need I answer the question？需要我回答這個問題嗎？ —Yes，you must/have to./No，you neednt.是的，你必須回答。/不，你不需要。 (2)need作為實義動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面可接名詞、代詞、動名詞及帶to的動詞不定式；可用于肯定句、疑問句和否定句中。如： She doesnt need to see the doctor.She just needs a rest.她不需要看醫(yī)生，她只需要休息一下。 河北中考考點精練 (　　)1.(xx德州中考)—Mr.Wang，must I e again to clean the classroom on Sunday? —No，you________.I have asked Kate to do it. A．cant　　　　　　B．mustnt C．neednt D．shouldnt (　　)2.(xx廣安中考)—Look! It ________ be David in the classroom. —It ________ be him.Because I saw him in the library a moment ago. A．may；mustnt B．must；cant C．can；cant D．mustnt；can (　　)3.(xx保定8中模擬)Harrys been driving all day，he ________ be tired. A．need　　B．can　　C．shall　　D．must (　　)4.(xx濰坊中考)—I have been to the moon twice. —You________ be joking! Its impossible! A．can　　B．may　　C．must　　D．need (　　)5.(xx安徽中考)—Do you have any plans for this Sunday? —Im not sure.I ________ go to the countryside to see my grandmother. A．can　　B．must　　C．may　　D．need (　　)6.(xx江西中考)Nathan likes his job because he ________enjoy the beauty of nature. A．can B．must C．should D．is supposed to (　　)7.(xx聊城中考)—Will Karen e to our party? —She hasnt decided yet.She ________ e. A．need　 B．must　 C．may　 D．has to (　　)8.(xx日照中考)You________ go through the security check(安檢) before getting on the train. A．can　　B．might　　C．may　　D．must (　　)9.(xx青島中考)You________ return the book now.You can keep it until next week if you like. A．have to B．cant C．mustnt D．neednt (　　)10.(xx綿陽中考)—Look! Here es your moms car. —It ________ be hers.She sold her car yesterday. A．must　B．cant　C．neednt　D．might (　　)11.(xx保定17中模擬)People ________ drive after drinking alcohol(酒)．Its against the law. A．mustnt B．neednt C．couldnt D．wouldnt (　　)12.(xx揚(yáng)州中考)—You look pretty in green，Kate. —Thank you.I like green.Green ________ give me energy. A．can　 B．must　 C．should　 D．has to (　　)13.(xx安徽無錫中考)—I think we need to sit down and have a talk. —I ________ agree more.Lets take the bench over there. A．could B．couldnt C．should D．shouldnt (　　)14.(xx上海中考)—Mom，________ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow? —It is closed on Monday. A．must　 B．may　 C．should　 D．need (　　)15.(xx常州中考)—Who will give us the speech on public manners? —Mr.Brown ________，but Im not sure. A．can　 B．need　 C．must　 D．might (　　)16.(xx石家莊42中模擬)—Mom，must I take out the trash now? —No，you ________.You may take a rest first. A．mustnt B．cant C．shouldnt D．dont have to (　　)17.(xx石家莊一模)—The manager says that theres no hot water after 8：00 tonight. —You mean we ________ go to bed without a shower.How terrible! A．can　 B．have to　 C．may　 D．could (　　)18.(xx承德聯(lián)考)—Excuse me.Can you tell me what time it is now? —Sorry，I ________.My watch doesnt work. A．cant B．may not C．mustnt D．neednt (　　)19.(xx石家莊新華一模)Look at the “No parking” sign.You ________park your car here. A．should B．must C．neednt D．mustnt (　　)20.(xx唐山路南一模)—How nice that Lucy has been invited to the party too! —Well，Lucy________ not e.She is not certain whether her mother will allow her to. A．might　 B．would　 C．must　 D．need