基于普通機床的后托架及夾具設(shè)計開發(fā)

基于普通機床的后托架及夾具設(shè)計開發(fā),基于,普通,機床,托架,夾具,設(shè)計,開發(fā) 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 I 基于普通機床的后托架及夾具的設(shè)計開發(fā) 摘要：機床后托架的是機床上的一個重要零件，因為其零件尺寸較小，結(jié)構(gòu)形狀也不是很復(fù) 雜復(fù)雜。但因為其尺寸精度、幾何形狀精度和相互位置精度，以及各表面的表面質(zhì)量均影響 機器或部件的裝配質(zhì)量，進(jìn)而影響其性能與工作壽命，因此它的加工工藝的確設(shè)計也是非常 關(guān)鍵和重要的。 在制定工藝過程中，可將其分為兩部分，即工藝設(shè)計部分和夾具設(shè)計部分。要確定各工 序的安裝工位和該工序需要的工步，加工該工序的機車及機床的進(jìn)給量，切削深度，主軸 轉(zhuǎn)速和切削速度，該工序的夾具，刀具及量具，還有走刀次數(shù)和走刀長度，最后計算該工 序的基本時間，輔助時間和工作地服務(wù)時間。對于夾具的設(shè)計，車床后托架鏜、銑、鉆等 工序使用了專用夾具和定位方案，此類夾具的特點是針對性強、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、操作簡便、生 產(chǎn)率高。從而保證夾具操作方便、夾緊力可靠、使用安全、并有合理的裝卸空間。本設(shè)計 中將書本理論和實際使用要求相結(jié)合，完成了車床后托架的加工工藝規(guī)程的設(shè)計。 關(guān)鍵詞： 工序 工藝 工步 定位方案 夾緊力 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 II Based on the general machine tool and fixture brackets after the design and development Abstract: Bracket machine after machine is an important part, because of its smaller size components, structural shape is not very complicated complex. But because of its size precision, accuracy and geometry mutual positioning accuracy, and the surface quality of the surface have affected parts of the machine or assembly quality, thereby affecting its performance and working life, it is the design of processing is also a very crucial and important. In the development process, can be divided into two parts, namely, process design and fixture design of the part. To identify the processes of the installation process and the need for further processing and the process of Locomotive Machine feed rate, depth of cut, and cutting speed spindle speed, the process of fixture, knives and measuring tools, and walk the knife cutting the number and length of the final calculation of the basic processes of the time, work time and support to serve time. Fixture for the design, bracket after boring lathe, milling, drilling processes for the use of the fixture, the characteristics of such fixture is targeted strong, compact, easy to operate, high productivity. Thus ensuring fixture easy to operate, reliable clamping, the use of safe and reasonable working space. The design will use books theoretical and practical requirements of the integration of the lathe after the completion of the processing order bracket design. Keywords： The process ,worker one, worker's step , orient the scheme , clamp strength 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 III 目 錄 第一章 引言 ..............................................................................................................1 1．1 加工工藝的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢 …………………………………………………2 1．2 CA6140 機床后托架加工工藝設(shè)計的目的、內(nèi)容和要求………………2 1．2．1 設(shè)計的目的……………………………………………………………2 1．2．2 設(shè)計的內(nèi)容……………………………………………………………2 1．2．3 設(shè)計的要求……………………………………………………………………3 第二章 CA6140 機床后托架的加工工藝的整體設(shè)計 ……………………4 2．1 CA6140 機床后托架的工藝要求及其分析 .................................................4 2．2 CA6140 機床后托架的工藝要求及其分 ....................................................4 2．2．1 CA6140 機床后托架的技術(shù)要求 ...................................................4 2．3 CA6140 機床后托架的加工工藝過程 .........................................................5 2．4 確定 CA6140 機床后托架的各表面加工方案 .............................................5 2．4．1 在選擇各表面及孔的加工方法時，要綜合考慮以下因素 ..........5 2．4．2 平面的加工 ......................................................................................6 2．4．3 孔的加工方案 ..................................................................................6 2．5 確定各加工部位的定位基準(zhǔn) .......................................................................6 2．5．1 粗基準(zhǔn)的選擇 ..................................................................................6 2．5．2 精基準(zhǔn)選擇的原則 ..........................................................................7 2．6 制訂工藝路線 ...............................................................................................7 2．6．1 工序的合理組合 ...............................................................................8 2．6．2 工序的集中與分散 ..........................................................................8 2．6．3 加工階段的劃分 ..............................................................................9 2．6．4 加工工藝路線方案的比較 ............................................................10 2．6．5 設(shè)計加工工藝卡片………………………………………………………14 2．7 機床后托架偏差，加工余量，工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的確定 ..................18 2．7．1 毛坯的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝要求 ....................................................................18 2．7．2 機床后托架的偏差計算 ................................................................18 2．8 確定切削用量及基本工時 ........................................................................21 2．8．1 工序一 粗、精銑底面 ................................................................21 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 IV 2．8．2 工序二 粗、半精、精鏜 CA6140 側(cè)面三杠孔 ..........................22 2．8．3 工序三 鉆頂面四孔 ....................................................................28 2．8．4 工序四 鉆側(cè)面兩孔 ....................................................................31 2．9 時間定額計算及生產(chǎn)安排 .........................................................................32 2．9．1 粗、精銑工件底面 ........................................................................33 2．9．2 鏜側(cè)面三個杠孔 ............................................................................33 2．9．3 鉆工件頂面四孔 ............................................................................34 第三章 專用夾具設(shè)計 .........................................................................................36 3．1 銑平面夾具的設(shè)計 .....................................................................................36 3．1．1 檢查原始材料 ................................................................................36 3．1．2 選擇定位基準(zhǔn) ................................................................................36 3．1．3 切削力及夾緊分析計算 ................................................................36 3．1．4 誤差分析與計算 ............................................................................37 3．1．5 夾具設(shè)計和操作的簡要說明 ........................................................37 3．2 鏜孔夾具的設(shè)計 .........................................................................................38 3．2．1 研究原始質(zhì)料 ................................................................................38 3．2．2 定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇 ............................................................................38 3．2．3 切削力及夾緊力的計算 ................................................................38 3．2．4 誤差分析與計算 ............................................................................39 3．3 鉆頂面四孔夾具的設(shè)計 .............................................................................40 3．3．1 研究原始質(zhì)料 ................................................................................40 3．3．2 定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇 ............................................................................40 3．3．3 切削力及夾緊力的計算 ................................................................40 3．3．4 誤差分析和計算 ............................................................................41 3．3．5 夾具設(shè)計及操作的簡要說明…………………………………………41 第四章 總結(jié) ..........................................................................................................43 致謝 ..........................................................................................................................45 參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................................................................46