2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)每日一題第10周現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)含解析.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)每日一題第10周現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)含解析 高考頻度：★★★★★ 難易程度：★★★★☆ 1.（xx北京卷單項(xiàng)填空）I ____________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read 【答案】 B 2. In the last few years, China __________ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has made B. had made C. was making D.is making 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在過去的這些年里，中國(guó)在環(huán)境保護(hù)中取得了很大的成就。由時(shí)間狀語in the last few years可推知?jiǎng)幼鲝倪^去一段時(shí)間持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選A。 【應(yīng)試必備】 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及其用法 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語 + 助動(dòng)詞have(has) + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 否定句：have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t 一般疑問句：have/has提前 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法： （1）表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)結(jié)果或影響，常與yet，already，just，before，lately等時(shí)間狀語連用。 —Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃過午飯了嗎？ —Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了。） I have already posted the photos. 我已經(jīng)寄過這些照片了。（這些照片已不在我這里了。） have(has) gone to，have(has) been to和have(has) been in的區(qū)別 1. have (has) gone to表示＂已經(jīng)去某地了＂，不能與for+一段時(shí)間連用。 She has gone to Shanghai.（她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。） 2. have (has) been to表示＂曾經(jīng)去過某地＂，不能與for+一段時(shí)間連用。 She has been to Shanghai three times.（她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。） 3. have (has) been in/at表示＂一直待在某地＂，常與時(shí)間段搭配，指待了很久。 （2）過去發(fā)生的事情，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（其謂語動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞）。 I haven’t seen her these days. 近來我一直沒見過他。 I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)李雷已經(jīng)三年了。 They have lived here since 1996. 他們自從1996年就住在這兒。 She has taught us since I came to this school. 自從我來這所學(xué)校，她就教我。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)多與下列時(shí)間狀語連用： （1）用于＂過去發(fā)生的事，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果＂的時(shí)間狀語有： already 用于肯定句，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后、過去分詞之前，也可放在句末。 yet 用在疑問句中意為＂已經(jīng)＂，用在否定句中表示＂還＂，常放在句末。 ever 意為＂曾經(jīng)＂，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。 never 意為＂從來都沒有＂，常和before連用，多放在助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。 before 意為＂以前＂，指過去不確定的某個(gè)時(shí)間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。 （2）用于＂過去發(fā)生的事，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在＂的時(shí)間狀語有： for + 時(shí)間段 for two years since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) since xx since then since he came here so far 目前；迄今為止 up to now=till now=by now 到現(xiàn)在為止；直到現(xiàn)在 all the time 總是；一直 recently/lately 最近 these days 近幾天 by the end of...到……末/結(jié)束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末 during /over the last (past) few years 在過去的幾年中 in the last /past days/ months/ years 在過去的幾個(gè)天/月/年中 （3）在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)以前已完成的動(dòng)作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. （4）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 I haven’t received his letter for almost a month. （5）since與for用法比較 用法 例句 since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間 I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這里。 My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑從1949年開始一直在一個(gè)小診所工作。 for 用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在這里住了二十多年了。 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用固定句型 （1）That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次參觀這座城市。 It is the third time that the boy has been late. 這是這個(gè)男生第三次遲到了。 （2）＂That/This/It is the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 名詞 + （that）從句＂中，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好看的電影。 （3）在＂It is/has been + 一段時(shí)間 + since ... ＂句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。 It has been/ It’s 5 years since we last met. 自從上一次我們見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了。 It’s / It has been 3 months since the man died. 那人死去3個(gè)月了。 （4）一段時(shí)間+ 完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)+ since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 Two years has passed since I came here. 我來這兒已經(jīng)兩年了。 誤區(qū)提醒 （1）并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作） I have worked here for many years. （現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作） （2）短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別： 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 短暫性動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 He has pleted the work. （表結(jié)果） I’’ve known him since then.（表經(jīng)歷） （3）短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示＂做……直到……＂；短暫性動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示＂到……才……＂ He didn’’t e back until ten o’’clock. 直到十點(diǎn)鐘他才回來。 He slept until ten o’’clock. 他睡到十點(diǎn)鐘。 1.In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat__________ cut. A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been 2.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement __________so far by the two sides. A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached 3.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? —Well, the media__________ it in a variety of forms. A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered 4.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs __________sharply. A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing 5.When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I__________my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change 參考答案 1.D 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在我的家鄉(xiāng)，每當(dāng)所有的麥子全都收割完畢，農(nóng)場(chǎng)主們總會(huì)吃一次豐收晚餐。從句中cut的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故該從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 2.A【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：盡管先前進(jìn)行了幾輪會(huì)談，但雙方至今也沒有達(dá)成協(xié)議。由時(shí)間狀語"so far"可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；又因主語agreement與reach之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 3.C【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的in a variety of forms可知，媒體已經(jīng)以多種形式對(duì)南京青年奧運(yùn)會(huì)進(jìn)行了報(bào)道，因此選擇C。 進(jìn)步，在于總結(jié)。我在這，總結(jié)在哪兒？ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________