2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題 非謂語動(dòng)詞.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題 非謂語動(dòng)詞 定義 不做謂語 形式：to do doing done 非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式直接在前面+not ※ to do(動(dòng)詞不定式） （一）時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一般式 完成式 進(jìn)行式 完成進(jìn)行式 Eg：I tried_____________( carry ) the heavy box upstairs. I plan ______________________(t ake ) part in the race. I am sorry ____________________( keep ) you waiting. They seemed _____________________( talk ) about something important. He is said to __________________________( work ) in the factory for ten years. 用法 做主語 Eg :It’s not easy _____________( study ) well. 作賓語 Eg：i want ________________（ have ）a rest. * 能夠直接+to do的動(dòng)詞 ask agree afford attempt begin choose continue dare decide determine demand deserve desire expect fail hate hope help hesitate intend like long learn manage mean need offer plan promise prefer prepare pretend refuse seem start try tend threaten want wish........ * 句型“主語+find （feel、think、make、believe、consider......）+it+形容詞+to do sth ” It為形式賓語，to do為真正主語 Eg：He made it a rule ________(get) up at 6. I find it difficult __________________(understand) it. 作表語 One’s dream/goal/aim/task/job/duty/ambition……is + to do sth Eg:My dream is _______________(bee) a teacher. Now the most important thing is ___________(study) well. 做主語補(bǔ)足語 Be said/reported/imagined/thought/considered/known/supposed…… +to do sth Eg：My Eglish teacher is said _____________(have) studied in South China Normal university. Liu Xiang is reported ________________(have) won the 110-meters hurdles. 5、做賓語補(bǔ)足語 Eg: He asked me __________(attend) the meeting. * 能夠用于“動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式”的動(dòng)詞： Allow advise ask beg cause mand drive expect force forbid get help invite lead order permit prefer persuade require teach tell train want wish remind request ....... 作定語 Eg：I would like something ____________(eat). He is always the first _______________(e). We all have a chance ____________(go) to the college. The meeting _____________________________(hold) next week is very important. 做狀語（表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件） Eg:I’m very glad ___________( hear) the news. He’s old enough ___________(go ) to school. I came here ___________( learn) from you. I hurried to the station，only ___________( find ) that the train had gone. 不帶to 的不定式 使役動(dòng)詞：make 、have、let 感官動(dòng)詞：see、hear、watch、notice、observe、feel Eg:I often hear him ___________( sing) the song. →He is often _____________________sing the song.(改為被動(dòng)） He often makes his sister cry. →His sister is often _____________________________by him. 在“would rather.....than.....或would......rather than.....”的than后面用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。 Eg: I would rather stay at home rather than _____________(go）out. * to do 在介詞but/except/besides后面時(shí)，這些介詞前有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do 的各種形式，則后面接不帶to的不定式，否則，要帶to. Eg: I could do nothing but ______________(give) up. I have no choice but ______________________(give）up. ※ V-ing 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一般式 完成式 ① V-ing一般式表示的動(dòng)作或謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是________或幾乎_________或_______發(fā)生。 Eg: He pratises_______________(sing) everyday. I am looking forward to_________(see) you. ② V-ing完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作__________。 Eg: ________________(work) all day,I went to bed early. The house showed no sign of ___________________(damage). V-ing的用法 做主語 Eg:____________(see) is believing. It is no use _____________(cry. * it is no use/no good/fun/nice/useless+__________(do)sth. 作賓語 Eg: He is fond of _________(play) football. * 能夠直接加V-ing的動(dòng)詞： Admit、 advise、 allow、 avoid、 consider、 delay、 enjoy、 escape、fancy、 finish、 keep、 feel like、 imagine、 forbid、 mind、 miss、 permit、pratise、 prevent、 risk、 resist、 deny、 suggest、 keep on、 put off、 insist on、 set about、 succeed in、 think of、....... 作表語 Eg: My hobby is ____________(play) basketball. The news is ____________(excite) 作定語 Eg: I bought a new ____________(wash) machine. Don’t wake up the ____________(sleep) baby. He told us an __________(interest) story. The boy ____________(sit) by me is my brother. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 Eg: I saw him ____________(cross) the road. She kept me ___________(wait) for a long time. I foud her ____________(lie)on the sofa when i enter the room. He was left ____________wait) in the room. 做狀語 V-ing做狀語，句子中的主語為V-ing動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，表原因、時(shí)間、方式、伴隨、結(jié)果。 Eg:____________(hear) the news,he burst into laughter.表_______ →_______ he heard the news，he burst into laughter. ________________(know) his address,I can’t get in touch with him. →____________I don’t know his address,I can’t get in touch with him.表_______ He came ____________(run) 表_______ He stood ____________(wait) for a bus. →He stood and ______________(wait). 表_______ Her husbund died,_____________(leave) her 4 children.表_______ * 注意以下情況： ______________(judge) from his accent,he must be a southeaner. Generally __________（speak),this mathod is useful. ___________(consider)everything,they did a good joy. ※ V-ed 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)：只有____形式，即沒有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化；時(shí)間方面，表示 ________的動(dòng)作。語態(tài)方面，表_________的意思。 V-ed 的用法 Eg: With ___________(fall) leaves buried in the earth,the soil bees richer and richer. The ____________(frighten) boy burst into tears. The story ____________(write) by him is very interesting. 作表語 Eg: My parents are___________(disappoint) at my study. The book that I read is ______________(write) well. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 Eg：I saw him ____________(beat) by two men. He had his arm ____________(broken） He got the room ___________(clean) I speak slowly and clearly to make myself ___________（hear). I find my wallet ______________(stolen）by a child. 做狀語 Eg:________(see)from the mountain,the city looks beautiful. ___________(punish)by the teacher,he felt sad. ___________(give)more time,I will do it better. * with 的伴隨 Eg:With a lot of problems ________________(solve),I am worried. The goat lay there,with its eyes_____________(close0 With the boy _____________(lead)the way,we found the house easily. ※ 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 分詞可以有一定意義的邏輯主語，通常是由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)并置于分詞之前，分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)不是句子，因?yàn)闆]有實(shí)際的主語和謂語，表時(shí)間、原因、方式等。 Eg:When he heard the news,he burst into tears. →When ____________(hear）the news,he burst into tears. →___________(hear）the news,he burst into tears. When we arrived in Shantou,it was midnight. → We___________in Shantou,it was midnight. Because his leg was badly hurt,he had to stay in bed. → his leg badly _________,he had to stay in bed. If time permits,we will go hiking on Sunday. →Time _______(permit),we will go hiking on Sunday. He rushed into the room,his face___________(cover) with sweat.