八大句子成分和五個基本句型.ppt

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,,,八大句子成分和五個簡單句型,,,八大句子成分,主語， 謂語， 賓語， 定語， 狀語， 表語， 補(bǔ)足語， 同位語,,1）主語：是一個句子的主體、主題，是全句述說的對象。 Students study. We are friends.,,,2）謂語：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。如： We plant trees every year. We study for the people. I can speak a little English.,,,3）賓語：表示行為的對象，動作的承受者 People make chances. I am reading a book. I like to play with him.,,,4）定語：是用來說明或者限制名詞的成分，常用形容詞或者相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語或從句擔(dān)任。 This is a red sun. He is a tall boy. I bought an English-Chinese dictionary.,,,５）狀語是用來說明動詞，形容詞，副詞或整個句子的成分。常由副詞擔(dān)任。 The students study hard. I often write to him. I sleep at night. He sat there.,,,６）表語：用來說明主語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞或者形容詞擔(dān)任。一般與連系動詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 This table is long. Her face turned red. The rubbish smells terrible.,,,7. 補(bǔ)語，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,I asked him to have dinner. 主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語 I consider him a gentleman. 8. 同位語 兩個結(jié)構(gòu)，前后項所指相同，句法功能也相同，后者是前者的同位語。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.,,,,,主語補(bǔ)語 Tom was made monitor. 賓語補(bǔ)語 I made Tom monitor. 表語補(bǔ)語 I am sure to succeed.,Practice:,The tall boy often plays football in the playground at weekends. (定語)主語 (狀語)+ 謂語 +賓語（狀語 狀語）,,,,,,,,,基本句型之一：主+謂+賓,五個基本句型,基本句型一: 基本句型二: 基本句型三: 基本句型四: 基本句型五:,S + Vi. (主+謂) S + Lv + P (主+系+表) S + Vt. + O (主+謂+賓) S + Vt. + IO + DO (主+謂+間賓+直賓) S + Vt. + O + C (主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)),,S + Vi. (主+謂) 1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著. 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了.,│,│,,2. S + Lv + P (主+系+表) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典. 2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好.,│,│,│,│,,3. S + Vt. + O (主+謂+賓) 1. Who knows the answer？ 誰知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書. 3. He admits that he made a mistake. 他承認(rèn)犯了錯誤.,│,│,│,│,│,│,,4. S + Vt. + IO + DO (主+謂+間賓+直賓) 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳. 2. I showed him my pictures. 我給他看我的照片. 3. He bought you a dictionary.他給你買了一本字典.,│,│,│,│,│,│,│,│,│,,5. S + Vt. + O + C (主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)) 1. They painted the door green. 他們把門漆成綠色. 2. They found the house deserted. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住. 3. What makes him think so？ 他怎么會這樣想？,│,│,│,│,│,│,│,│,│,