2019-2020年高中英語 Unit2 King Lear-詞匯句型語法講解 新人教版選修10.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit2 King Lear-詞匯句型語法講解 新人教版選修10 一、核心單詞用法例析 1. shorten vt.　　縮短。。。。。。 She shortened the skirt by an inch. 她把裙子縮短了一英寸。 2. burden n. & vt. 擔(dān)子、主題(無復(fù)數(shù))，負(fù)擔(dān)、麻煩 The burden of grief made her in low spirits all day long.壓在心頭的悲傷使她整天郁郁寡歡。 3. responsibility n. 責(zé)任、負(fù)責(zé)；職責(zé)、義務(wù)、任務(wù) Who bears full responsibility for the consequence?誰對后果承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任？ 4. allocate vt. 配給、分配 The headmaster allocated tasks to each of us.校長給我們每一個人都分配了工作。 5. distribute vt. 分發(fā)、分配某事物、分散放置 In a co-operative profits are distributed among the work-force.在合作社中，利潤是在全體勞動者中進行分配的。 6. contradict vt. & vi. 批駁、相反、與。。。。。。相矛盾 The speaker had got confused, and started contradicting himself.演講者弄糊涂了，說話自相矛盾起來了。 He contradicted the manager at the meeting.他在會議上頂撞了經(jīng)理。 7. confirm vt. 證實、確認(rèn)、批準(zhǔn)、肯定 Please write to confirm your reservation.請來信確認(rèn)你的預(yù)訂項目。 After a 6-month probationary period, she was confirmed in her post.經(jīng)過六個月的試用期后，她獲準(zhǔn)正式任該職。 8.corrupt a. ； vt. & vi. 腐?。ǖ模?、使腐敗、腐蝕，賄賂、收買 This corrupt film is full of sex and violence.這部墮落的影片里充斥了色情和暴力. He was sent to prison for trying to corrupt a policeman with money.他因為試圖賄賂一個警察金錢而被判刑入獄了。 9. cash n. & vt. 現(xiàn)金、兌現(xiàn) I have no ready cash on me, can I pay you tomorrow?我身上沒有現(xiàn)金，能明天付給你錢嗎？ 10. vacant adj. 空的、空洞的、無表情的、愚蠢的 From her vacant look we can know that she probably is in bad condition.從她發(fā)呆的樣子我們可以知道她也許身體不好。 The madman gave a vacant laugh.那個瘋子發(fā)出了愚蠢的大笑。 11. respond vi. & vt. n. 　作答、回答、響應(yīng)、有反應(yīng) The illness quickly responded to proper treatment.疾病經(jīng)適當(dāng)治療后很快好轉(zhuǎn)了。 He responded to our question with a letter.他寫了一封信答復(fù)我們的問題。 12. suspect adj. n. vt. 可疑的；嫌疑犯；猜想、懷疑 His testimony is suspect.他的證詞是可疑的。 We suspect him to be a murderer.我們懷疑他是兇犯。 13. demand n. vt. & vi. 需要的事物、要求（知道）、需要、查問 There’s a great demand for teachers in Shenzhen.深圳需要大量的老師。 14. beyond prep. adv. & n. 在。。。。。。的那邊、超出；（在）遠(yuǎn)處、更遠(yuǎn)地 I know nothing of it beyond what he told me.除了他告訴我的以外，我就一無所知了。 I own nothing beyond the clothes on my back.除了身上的衣服我就一無所有了。 真題：I’m sorry it’s _____ my power to make a final decision on the project.(xx上海) A. over B. above C. off D. beyond 解析：beyond是“超出（能力等）”意思。故選D。 15. fond adj. 溺愛、不可能實現(xiàn)的 A fond mother may spoil her child.溺愛的母親會貫壞自己的孩子的。 He wants to marry Jane, but we think it a fond dream.他想娶珍妮，可是我們認(rèn)為這是黃粱美夢。 16. wrong n. adj. adv. & v. 錯誤（的）、不適當(dāng)?shù)?、不公正、冤枉無禮地對待、中傷 We should right the wrongs immediately we realize that we wronged someone.我們一旦意識到冤枉了別人，就要給人家平反昭雪。 二、詞組句型用法全解 1. be allergic to sth 對。。。。。。過敏、討厭 Nowadays most of young people are allergic to hard work.現(xiàn)在，大多數(shù)青年人討厭累活。 2. hand over 交出、移交 The captain was unwilling to hand over the mand of his ship to a younger man.船長不愿意把他船的指揮權(quán)交給一個年輕的人。 3. care for 喜歡、關(guān)心、照顧 I don’t care for tea; I like coffee better.我不喜歡茶；我比較喜歡喝咖啡。 4. speak out 大膽地說、清楚響亮地說 Speak out against our real enemies.要大膽地和我們真正的敵人做斗爭。 5. pack up 打包、收拾行李／工具、停止工作 He was told by the boss to pack up.他被老板解雇了。 This pany will probably pack up and move south.這家公司可能要停業(yè)南遷。 6. give away 送掉、放棄、泄露 The examiner has given away the answer.考試者已經(jīng)泄密答案了。 His clothes gave him away.他的衣著泄露了他的身份。 7. be fond of 喜愛、愛好 You are too fond of leaving the door open when you go out.你有出去把門開著的壞毛病。 8. make a name 成名、得到名聲 She made a name for herself as a painter.作為畫家，她出名了。 9. neither… nor… … 既不….也不… Neither have I known her nor I want to.我既不認(rèn)識她，也不想認(rèn)識她。 Regan said that she needed neither the land of the kingdom nor the wealth her father would give her but true love.里根說她既不需要王國的領(lǐng)土也不需要父親（給她的）財富，她只需要真正的愛。 真題： １．Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ____ any end to their influence on man’s lives.(xx廣東) A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 解析：neither開頭的句子要部分倒裝，同時考慮主謂一致。故選C。 ２．—I would never ever e to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! — _________ .(xx廣西) A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I 解析：理由同上。故選B。 10. no longer 不再。。。。。。。 My hometown is no longer what it used to be.我的家鄉(xiāng)不再是過去的那個樣子了。 請比較：他不再抽煙了。→He no longer smokes.／He smokes no more.→He doesn’t smoke any longer. ／He doesn’t smoke any more.　注意：所談及的事既能從“量”又能從“時間”方面來闡述時，no longer和no more 才能互相替代。 11. not… but… 不是。。。。。。而是。。。。。。 Not Tom but I am your friend.不是湯姆而是我才是你的朋友。 It’s not I but Tom that has done this matter.不是我而是湯姆干的這件事。 12. one… the other… 一個。。。。。。　另一個。。。。。。 I have two pens. One is being used now, and the other is in my schoolbag.我有兩只筆。一只在用著，另一只在書包里。 真題：One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ______ .(xx春招) A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white 解析：這是省略的并列句，陳述“兩邊的比較”。故選C。 13. be good at 擅長于。。。。。。 He is good at languages.他擅長于語言。 We should be good at learning from our mistakes.我們要善于從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)。 14. keep on 　繼續(xù)下去、維持 Prices keep on increasing in recent years. 近幾年，價格在不斷地上漲。 His wife kept on at him to buy her a new coat.他老婆喋喋不休地嘮叨要他為她買一件新襖子。 15. … at all 根本（用于否定句或含有否定意思的句子中加強語氣） Do it well if you do it at all.要做就要把它做好。 If you know him at all, you will also hate his bad habits.你要是認(rèn)識他，你也會討厭他的壞習(xí)慣的。（講話人意思是：你不認(rèn)識他、不知道他的壞習(xí)慣） 16. I’m sorry but I’m not as clever as my sisters. 很抱歉，我不像姐姐他們那樣聰明。 1) I’m sorry but… 是口語中常用的句型，意思是：對不起，但是／可是。。。。。。　比如： — Can I trouble you with a question?　—I’m sorry but I’m busy now. 2) as … as…之間用形容詞、副詞的原級，表示同等量的比較。比如： He is as tall as me (I am).他和我個頭一樣高。 You can do it as well as Tom does.你能把這件事做得跟湯姆的一樣好。（注：此句中的as well as不是固定短語） 17. It’s one’s turn to do sth. 是“輪到某某人去做某事了”的意思。比如： It’s your turn to be on duty.輪到你值班了。 真題： １．It is generally believed that teaching is _____ it is a science.(xx全國) A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 解析：理由參見：Unit1“短語做定語”部分第５小題。故選D。 ２．It is reported that the United States uses ______ energy as the whole of Europe. (xx廣西) A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much 解析：這是比較的一種形式：倍數(shù)＋比較結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。 18. be equal to 能勝任、經(jīng)得起，不相上下、和。。。。。。相等 Bill is quite equal to running the office.比爾能勝任辦公室的管理工作。 Mary is quite equal to Bill in brains.瑪莉和比爾在智力上不相上下。 I don’t feel equal to a cup of wine now.我現(xiàn)在不能喝酒了。 19. You and your husband Albany shall have this part of my kingdom with all its rivers and forests and mountains. 你和你的丈夫奧爾巴尼將得到我王國里這一部分及其河流、森林和山脈。 該句中謂語部分的shall事情態(tài)助動詞，既表示“將來”又表示“承諾、應(yīng)允”；作為情態(tài)動詞shall用在陳述句中還可以表示“警告、命令、決心、強制”等，適應(yīng)各人稱。比如： Then you shall e.(命令)　那么你（必須）要來。 Just a little patience. You shall get the answer this very afternoon.(承諾、應(yīng)允)　稍微耐心一點，你在今天下午可以拿到答案。 You naughty boy! You shall get what you deserve.(警告)　你這調(diào)皮的孩子，等著我收拾你吧。 Nothing shall stop us from going there immediately.(決心)什么也阻擋不了我們立即去那里。 Tom shan’t go this time.(強制)這次湯姆不能去。 20. I would rather lose my life than see you make such a mistake. 我寧死都不愿看到你犯這樣的錯誤。 1) rather… than…結(jié)構(gòu)中，than前后的動詞都用原形動詞。比如： I would (或had) rather play tennis than swim.我寧愿打網(wǎng)球，不愿去游泳。 2) rather than 結(jié)構(gòu)中，該短語前后的詞語性質(zhì)上要“對稱”。比如： He ran rather than walked.與其說他走還不如說他跑。 I, rather than you, should do the job.該做這件工作的是我，而不是你。 It was what he meant rather than what he said.這是他的用意而不是他說的話。 These shoes are fortable rather than pretty.這些鞋子穿起來舒服而不好看。 請注意下一句中的動詞形式： Rather than cause trouble, he left.不愿引起麻煩，他走了。 3) 短語would rather后面如果接從句，從句的謂語用虛擬語氣。比如： I would rather you had known it.我倒寧愿你知道了這件事。 I’d rather you did this experiment now.我倒希望你現(xiàn)在就做這個實驗。 21. Although married with two children, Shakespeare left Stratford-on-Avon at the age of about 30 and went to London alone. 盡管結(jié)婚后養(yǎng)了兩個孩子，莎士比亞30歲時還是離開了埃文河畔斯特拉特福鎮(zhèn)，只身去了倫敦。 這是省略的主從復(fù)合句。含有一個although引導(dǎo)的although he had been married with two children讓步狀語從句。短語 with two children等于說：and had two children。 真題：Mr. Hall understands that _____ math has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. (xx北京) A. unless B. since C. although D. when 解析：這是復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句，although在賓語從句中引導(dǎo)讓步狀語。故選C。 Even though he wrote his plays almost 500 years ago, his plays are still relevant today. 他的戲劇盡管是在幾乎５００年前寫的，可今天仍然適合我們。 even though=even if，也是引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的。再比如：Even though you don’t like wine(Though you may not like wine), try a glass of this! 22. As soon as Goneril has got all she can from her father, she begins treating him disrespectfully. 貢納莉一旦得到她可以從她父親那里得到的財物，馬上開始粗魯?shù)貙Υ? 這是復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句：短語as soon as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。意思是：一……（就……）；she can是定語從句，修飾all；引導(dǎo)詞that在定語從句里作賓語，被省略了。 三、課文長句難點剖析 1. For whichever of you has for me the most devotion I will give to her the best part of everything I own. 剖析：這是復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句。 １）連詞for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句是順便說明原因的，通常要放在主句后。此句中該從句與其前面的句子有邏輯上的“因”“果”關(guān)系。否則，不能放在主句的前面。比如： Kent didn’t e today, for he has been ill.肯特今天沒有來，因為他生病了。 回答why提出的問題要用because引導(dǎo)的的句子。比如： — Why didn’t you stop thief while he was passing by? — Because I hadn’t known he was a thief before you told me that. ２）whichever“無論哪一個”通常用來指物。比如： Whichever you want is yours.你要什么就拿什么。 　 Choose whichever of them you like best.挑選你最喜歡的。 ３）“你們中的哪一個”是“第三人稱”概念，所以，句子的謂語用單數(shù)第三人稱has。再比如：I’ll give it to whichever of you wants it.無論你們中的誰要，我都會給的。 譯文：（因為）你們當(dāng)中無論是誰，只要最有孝心，我就把最好的一塊給她。 2.This part is equal in value to what I give to Goneril. 剖析：介詞短語in value（在價值上／方面）作狀語表示范圍；what I give to Goneril是賓語從句，從句引導(dǎo)詞what作give的賓語。 譯文：這一部分和我給貢納莉的那一部分在價值上是相等的。 3. What have you to say to delight an old man and earn the best part of his kingdom. 剖析：短語have to do 是“不得不”的意思，要注意其與must的區(qū)別。比如：I had to go to bed before 10 last night for the electricity failed.昨晚停電了，我只好十點鐘前就睡覺了（客觀條件所迫）。 Students must go to bed before 10 in the night.學(xué)生十點鐘前必須就寢（人的主觀安排）。 譯文：你說什么來取悅一位老人，贏得王國最好的部分呢？ 4. I love you as it is right and proper for a daughter to love her father, neither less nor more. 剖析：１）as…在這里引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，修飾謂語動詞love。as 還可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句等， ２）neither… nor…既不。。。。。。也不。。。。。。（參見本單元“關(guān)鍵短語精講”第９條） 譯文：我愛你如同一個女兒恰如其分地愛著父親，一分不多，一分不少。 5. We’ll see if either wants to be a bridegroom when she has no riches to bring to the marriage. 剖析：either指“法國國王和勃艮第公爵”兩人中的任何一個（either of them）。bring to“帶來”的意思；不定式短語to bring to the marriage是修飾riches的定語。 譯文：我們要看看,她沒有分毫的嫁妝,誰會做她的新郎? 真題： １．—There’s coffee and tea; you can have ______ . (xx全國) —Thanks. A. either B. each C. one D. it 解析：either是代詞，只兩者中的任何一個。故選A。 ２．I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _____ of them came. (xx北京) A. neither B. either C. none D. both 解析：理由同上。故選A。 6. It’s as though the whole world has gone to sleep. 剖析： as though等于as if,引導(dǎo)表語從句。有時候從句要用虛擬語氣。比如： He fought as if his life were in danger.他掙扎著就好像有生命危險似的。 It seemed as though the night would never end.夜晚好像永無止盡。 譯文：好像整個世界都睡著了。 7. And unless you want me to get rid of the rest of them too, I suggest you teach them how to behave properly.　 剖析：１）unless等于if (…) not，“除非”意思，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。比如： I will leave at 9 o’clock, unless you want to go earlier.我將９點鐘出發(fā)，除非你想早一些走。 Don’t leave here unless instructed to.未得到指示不得離開！ 真題： １．The man will have to wait all day _____ the doctor works faster.(xx全國) A. if B. unless C. whether D. that 解析：unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，等于if…not。故選B。 ２．_____ you call me to say you’re not ing, I’ll see you at the theatre.(xx吉林) A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless 解析：同上。故選D。 ２）get rid of…意思是：擺脫、去掉、除去。比如： He can’t get rid of the cold.他感冒老是不好。 ３）you teach them how to behave properly是suggest的賓語從句、虛擬語氣。suggest作為“建議”解釋，其賓語從句用虛擬語氣。比如：The doctor suggested Kent (should) be given an operation on right away.大夫建議應(yīng)該立即給肯特動手術(shù)。The manager suggested that the meeting be brought to an end.經(jīng)理建議結(jié)束會議。但是，作“表明、暗示”解釋，其賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。比如：Her expression suggested that she was angry.她的表情表明她很生氣。 譯文：你若不想讓我把剩下的士兵也趕走的話，我建議你還是教教他們怎樣守規(guī)矩。 8. The third daughter chose not to flatter her father with dishonest claims and instead told him she loved him only as much as her duty as a daughter required. 剖析：１）not to flatter her father with dishonest claims是否定的動詞不定式作chose 的賓語。 真題：The teacher asked us _____ so much noise。(xx北京) A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 解析：這是ask sb. (not) to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。 ２）as a daughter required是比較方式狀語從句，是“像女兒要求的那樣”意思。 譯文：第三個女兒選擇了不用溜須拍馬奉承她的父親，而是告訴他，她像做女兒所要求的那樣盡女兒的職責(zé)愛戴他。 真題：I feel that one of my main duties _____ a teacher is to help the students to bee better learners. (xx廣東) A. for B. by C. as D. with 解析：as在此句中是介詞，意思是：“作為……”，其余三個介詞都沒有此意。故選C。 9. The king then went backwards and forwards between his two daughters until he had no soldiers at all.　 剖析：連詞until的意思：“直到……”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞時，要用not…until結(jié)構(gòu)。比如：We won’t start until Bob es.我們要到鮑勃來的時候才開始。My daughter hadn’t gone to bed until I came back.我的女兒一直到我回來后才去睡覺。until也可以當(dāng)介詞用。比如： I’ll stay here until Friday.我要在這里呆到星期五。 譯文：然后，國王在兩個女兒之間來來往往、不停地被踢來踢去，一直到喪失了所有的衛(wèi)士。 真題： １．—Was his father strict with him when he was at school? (xx春招) —Yes. He had never praised him _____ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 解析：not…until…是“直到……時候才……”的意思。但是當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，主句用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。請參見下列２、３兩小題。該題答案是C ２．A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity _____ he reaches the end of the story. (xx上海) A. when B. unless C. after D. until 解析：答案是D ３．We were told that we should follow the main road _____ we reach the central railway station. (xx遼寧) A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever 解析：答案是B 四、語法知識歸納梳理—狀語 英語里做狀語的主要是副詞、詞組、非限定性動詞短語和狀語從句。有時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語、目的狀語、讓步狀語、方式狀語、比較狀語、結(jié)果狀語、伴隨狀語等?，F(xiàn)分述如下： １、單個副詞做狀語 The burden of government sits heavily on my shoulders.治理國家的擔(dān)子沉重地落在我肩上。 The soldier was wounded seriously.那為士兵傷得非常嚴(yán)重。 真題： １．It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don’t speak the language. (xx全國) A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially 解析：especially表示“突出一定范圍內(nèi)的某一些”。故選D。 ２．Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. _____ , neither of them could swim. (xx春招) A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally 解析：unfortunately表示“意外”。故選C。 ３．Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always _____ much to do. (xx廣東) A. such B. that C. more D. very 解析：that作副詞，常用在口語中，指“有一定參照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的量：that much那么多。故選B。 ４．The great success of this programme has been _____ due to the support given by the local businessmen.(xx廣東) A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely 解析：largely含有“廣泛、主要”的意思。故選D。 ５．It is ____ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much. (xx廣東) A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly 解析：hardly是否定義副詞：幾乎不。。。，從本句的邏輯判斷只能選D。 ６．I must be getting fat. I can _____ do my trousers up. (xx吉林) A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom 解析：同上。故選B。 ７．—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. —You can never be ____ careful in the street. (xx北京) A. much B. very C. so D. too 解析：never too的意思是：無論怎么也不過分。故選D。 ８．Finnish President said Finland-China relations had progressed _____ with fruitful co-operation in new and high-tech fields. (xx上海) A. peacefully B. highly C. quietly D. smoothly 解析：smoothly是“平穩(wěn)地”意思，其余三個備選答案不能和progress搭配。故選D。 ９．Mr. Smith used to smoke _____ but he has given it up. (xx天津) A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly 解析：該題備選答案中只有heavily可以和smoke搭配。故選B。 １０．Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _____ , fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time. (xx上海) A. accidentally B. purposefully C. obviously D. formally 解析：該句中的副詞是從全句的邏輯關(guān)系上來確定的。故選C。 １１．That doesn’t sound very frightening, Paul. I’ve seen _____ . What did you like most about the film? (xx湖南) A. better B. worse C. best D. worst 解析：該句是考“比較”等級的。根據(jù)邏輯判斷，是反向比較。故選B。 １２．It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ______ to her mother. (xx北京) A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 解析：close to sth是“離。。。很近、緊挨著。。?！币馑肌９蔬xA。 2、詞組做狀語 I cannot describe my feelings with such fancy words.我無法用這些花哨的言辭描述我的感情。 In expressing her love for you, my sister has also expressed mine.我姐姐表達對你的愛時，也表達了我對你的愛。 真題： 1. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move _______ ? (xx上海) A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far 解析：該題考查１）比較級２）比較級的修飾語。故選B。 2. —I hear they aren’t pleased with the house you’ve chosen for them.(xx北京) —Well, ______ could they live in such fort? A. where else B. what else C. how D. why 解析：該題live 后有介詞in，所以考生很容易把正確選項排除掉。實際上此in與后面的such fort構(gòu)成介詞短語。故選A。 3. ____ , some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. (xx上海) A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange 解析：該題考查１）形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別２）enough做狀語時的位置（要后置；做定語時可以前置也可以后置）。故選A。 4. The house rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying _____ here. (xx上海) A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much 解析：考查“比較”。故選D。(參見本單元“重要句型詳解”第２條第２小題) 5. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _____ . (02上海) A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped D. you are equipped the more for life 解析：該句考查the more… , the more…結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B。 3、非限定性動詞短語做狀語 You do wrong to cause friction between yourself and your daughter.你做錯了，導(dǎo)致了您和您的女兒之間的摩擦。 To study English well, we do reading aloud every morning.為學(xué)好英語，我們早晨都做朗讀。 Given enough time, we can perform this play very well.我們?nèi)绻凶銐虻臅r間，可以把這出戲表演得非常好。 Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find our school very beautiful.從這山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的學(xué)校非常漂亮。 A group of children came out of the classroom, laughing and talking.一群孩子有說有笑地從教室里走出來。 真題： 1. _____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (xx春招) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 解析：過去分詞短語表示“被動”，做“條件狀語”。故選A。 2. _____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. (xx春招) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 解析：不定式短語做目的狀語，放在句首表示“強調(diào)”。故選A。 3. _____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (xx全國) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 解析：現(xiàn)在分詞完成式表示“已發(fā)生”、“主動”。其邏輯主語是the river。故選A。 4. _____ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. (xx上海) A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 解析：理由同上題，但其邏輯主語是Professor White。故選C。 5. He sent me an e-mail, ____ to get further information. (xx上海) A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 解析：現(xiàn)在分詞短語做“伴隨目的狀語”。故選B。 6. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (xx北京) A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 解析：參見本小節(jié)第１小題。he承受given表示的動作。故選D。 7. You were silly not _____ your car. (xx湖南) A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 解析：不定式短語做原因狀語，完成式表示該動作發(fā)生在were之前。故選B。 8. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____ . (xx上海) A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 解析：過去分詞做伴隨結(jié)果狀語，等于and were exhausted。故選B。 9. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _____ the film star had left. (xx福建) A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 解析：不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示tell回指到reporters上；only修飾不定式強調(diào)結(jié)果。故選B。 4、從句做狀語 （比較常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：when, whenever, before, after, once, until, till, while, as, since, ever since, where, wherever, so, so(…)that, such…that/as, provided, if, as if/though, unless, though, although, whereas, because, than, No sooner …than…, Hardly… when…, the moment, immediately, as soon as, as…as…, not so …as…, in order that…, for fear that…, no matter+特殊疑問詞，whether… or not…, For all that…, in case, as long as…, whoever等等） I love you more than all the riches in the world.我愛您勝過愛世界上所有的財富。 I’m sorry but I’m not as clever as my sisters (are).很抱歉，我沒有姐姐們那樣伶俐。 The head-teacher praised Tom so that he could work even harder.班主任表揚了湯姆，以便他能更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。 Even if he had been operated on without delay, the patient would not have been saved.病人即使得到及時的手術(shù)，生命也無法挽救。 The moment I see her I’ll tell her that you are looking for her.一見到她，我就告訴她你在找她。 真題： 1. John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out _____ he phones. (xx全國) A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that 解析：根據(jù)題意邏輯，應(yīng)該是“以防他打電話來”。故選C。 2. Someo