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目 錄
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………3
第一章 緒論 ……………………………………………………………………………3
1.1 空作業(yè)車(chē)的的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)…………………………………………………6
1.2 課題的來(lái)源和意義………………………………………………………………8
第二章 液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) …………………………………………………………………9
2.1 本參數(shù)及主要技術(shù)性能指標(biāo) …………………………………………………9
2.1.1 行駛狀態(tài)主要技術(shù)參數(shù) …………………………………………………9
2.1.2 作業(yè)狀態(tài)主要技術(shù)參數(shù) …………………………………………………9
2.1.3 作業(yè)車(chē)平臺(tái)作業(yè)工作狀態(tài)圖 ……………………………………………9
2.1.4 機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)述 …………………………………………………………………11
2.2 液壓系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成…………………………………………………………………13
2.3 各系統(tǒng)工作原理簡(jiǎn)述……………………………………………………………13
2.4 主要機(jī)構(gòu)液壓回路的設(shè)計(jì)與分析………………………………………………14
2.4.1 升機(jī)構(gòu)的回路設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………14
2.4.2 伸縮機(jī)構(gòu)回路設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………16
2.4.3 回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)回路設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………17
2.4.4 變幅機(jī)構(gòu)回路設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………17
2.4.5 整體液壓回路設(shè)計(jì) ………………………………………………………18
2.5 主要液壓元?dú)饧倪x擇與計(jì)算…………………………………………………20
2.5.1 液壓泵的確定 ……………………………………………………………20
2.5.2 上下臂液壓缸確定 ………………………………………………………21
2.5.3 液壓馬達(dá)選擇 ……………………………………………………………23
2.5.4 換向閥的選擇 ……………………………………………………………24
2.5.5 油箱有效容的積確定 ……………………………………………………25
第三章 電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ……………………………………………………………26
3.1 電氣控制方案的確定 …………………………………………………………26
3.1.1 高空作業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的電氣控制電路 …………………………………………26
3.1.2 通訊裝置 …………………………………………………………………27
3.1.3 選擇開(kāi)關(guān)裝置 ……………………………………………………………27
3.1.4 總的控制電路 ……………………………………………………………27
3.2 電氣元器件的選擇 ……………………………………………………………28
3.2.1 按鈕的選用 ………………………………………………………………28
3.2.2 行程開(kāi)關(guān)的選用 …………………………………………………………30
3.2.3 熱繼電器的選用 …………………………………………………………30
3.2.4 熔斷器的選用 ……………………………………………………………30
3.2.5 電線的選擇 ………………………………………………………………31
3.2.6 照明電器選擇 ……………………………………………………………31
3.2.7 變壓器的選擇 ……………………………………………………………32
第四章 電氣控制面板的操作……………………………………………………………33
4.1 轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)處控制箱操作面板及其操作件介紹………………………………………33
4.2 平臺(tái)（吊籃）控制箱操作面板及操作元件……………………………………34
4.3 高空作業(yè)電氣部分操作方法……………………………………………………35
4.4 高空作業(yè)操作中注意事項(xiàng)………………………………………………………35
附錄…………………………………………………………………………………………37
附錄1 …………………………………………………………………………………37
附錄2 …………………………………………………………………………………37
附錄3 …………………………………………………………………………………39
附錄4 …………………………………………………………………………………39
附錄5 …………………………………………………………………………………40
結(jié)論…………………………………………………………………………………………42
后記…………………………………………………………………………………………43
參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………………………………44
GKZ高空作業(yè)車(chē)液壓和電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要
高空作業(yè)車(chē)廣泛用于建筑、市政、機(jī)場(chǎng)、工廠、園林、住宅等場(chǎng)所，從事消防、搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)、安裝、維護(hù)等工作。本文針對(duì)徐州海倫哲工程機(jī)械有限公司GKZ14型高空作業(yè)車(chē)，進(jìn)行了大量的理論研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試。
本設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)該車(chē)的重要組成部分----液壓系統(tǒng)和電氣控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和研究，其液壓系統(tǒng)由上車(chē)液壓系統(tǒng)和下車(chē)液壓系統(tǒng)組成。兩者之間由中心回轉(zhuǎn)接頭連接(垂直升降式高空車(chē)除外),上車(chē)液壓系統(tǒng)由變幅系統(tǒng)、伸縮系統(tǒng)和回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)三個(gè)基本系統(tǒng)組成。在整個(gè)液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中，采用制動(dòng)器控制克服了液壓馬達(dá)存在內(nèi)泄而平衡閥不能鎖住停在空中的重物，使重物可靠地停在空中。制動(dòng)器采用恒壓外控，可以進(jìn)一步降低平衡閥的開(kāi)啟壓力，提高回路效率。
從安全性、可靠性角度看，高空車(chē)不同于一般的工程機(jī)械, 其特點(diǎn)是作業(yè)頻率不高, 負(fù)荷較小, 但要求安全性, 可靠性較高。因此, 高空車(chē)應(yīng)具備緊急停止裝置。高空車(chē)在各執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)作的終點(diǎn)位置設(shè)限位裝置, 尤其是對(duì)于折疊臂式及混合臂式的高空車(chē)應(yīng)設(shè)中臂限位裝置, 以確保整車(chē)的穩(wěn)定性。高空車(chē)的變幅系統(tǒng)和伸縮系統(tǒng)的速度必須加以控制, 以防止產(chǎn)生“超速”現(xiàn)象。
因此，為保證高空作業(yè)車(chē)的工作穩(wěn)定、可靠、安全，作業(yè)靈活，效率高，設(shè)計(jì)出優(yōu)良的液壓系統(tǒng)和電氣控制系統(tǒng)就顯得尤為重要。
[關(guān)鍵詞]：高空作業(yè)車(chē)；制動(dòng)器；內(nèi)泄；恒壓外控；限位裝置。
Hydraulic and electricity control system design of the high-altitude working machine
Abstract
The high-altitude working machine has been widely used in architecture, city planning, airport, factory, garden, house and other place. It plays an important role in fire protection, dealing with an emergency, construction, installation, maintenance and so on. Aiming at the GKZ14 high-altitude working machine of XhZhou HaiLun machinery Group, It does a lot of theoretical research and experiment test.
This design is carries on the design and the research to this vehicleimportant constituent ---- hydraulic system and the electricitycontrol system, its hydraulic system by boards the hydraulic systemand alights the hydraulic system to be composed. Two between (verticalfluctuation type upper air vehicle is an exception) by the centerswivel joint connection, boards the hydraulic system by the amplitudesystem, the expansion and contraction system and the rotary systemthree basic systems is composed. In the entire hydraulic systemdesign, used the brake control to overcome in the oil motor existenceto release but the by-pass valve not to be able to lock in stops inthe airborne heavy item, caused the heavy item reliably to stop inairborne. The brake uses outside the constant pressure to control, mayfurther reduce the by-pass valve to open the pressure, enhances thereturn route efficiency.
From the security, the reliable angle looked that, the upper airvehicle is different with the general project machinery, it scharacte ristic is the work frequency is not high, load smaller, butthe request security, the reliability is higher. Therefore, the upperair vehicle should have the urgent stop device. The upper air vehiclesupposes the spacing installment in each implementing agency movementend position, regarding folds the arm type and the mix arm -like upperair vehicle in particular should suppose the arm spacing installment,guarantees the entire vehicle the stability. The upper air vehicleamplitude system and the expansion and contraction system speed mustperform to control, prevents the production "overspeed" thephenomenon.
Therefore, for guaranteed work high above the ground vehicle workstable, reliable, safe, work nimble, the efficiency is high, designs the fine hydraulic system and the electricity control system appears especially importantly.
Keywords: The high-altitude working machine; braker, iternal leakage;external control with constant voltage;The installment limits the position.