2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)真題研練Week11Monday含解析.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)真題研練Week11Monday含解析 Task 1：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 (xx·江蘇，C)If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles(氣泡)accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death. Other air－breathing animals also suffer this depression(減壓)sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example.And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends. Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of depression over the 150 million years.To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural－h(huán)istory museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with depression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(標(biāo)本)showed evidence of that sort of injury. If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti－depression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator(捕食動(dòng)物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast，were mercifully shark－and crocodile－free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, hey were prey(獵物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result. 【語篇解讀】　科普知識(shí)類文章。文章主要介紹Rothschild教授關(guān)于魚龍類生物在近1億5千萬年里如何適應(yīng)減壓?jiǎn)栴}的研究。在開始研究時(shí)，他原本認(rèn)為年輕化石里彎曲的跡象會(huì)比老化石里的少，因?yàn)檫@標(biāo)志著魚龍類生物逐漸進(jìn)化出反減壓器官，然而他的研究結(jié)果得出相反的結(jié)論。 1．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends? A．A twisted body. B．A gradual decrease in blood supply. C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood. D．A drop in blood pressure. 答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段第三句提到遭遇bend的癥狀是“sharp pain and a bent body”，此處bent等于twisted，意為“扭曲的，彎曲的”。] 2．The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see________． A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to depression C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones 答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“What he particularly wanted to investigate was how...”可知答案為B。] 3．Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4________． A．confirmed his assumption B．speeded up his research process C．disagreed with his assumption D．changed his research objectives 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.”可知研究結(jié)果與他原本的假設(shè)相反，因此答案為C。] 4．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs________． A．failed to evolve an anti－depression means B．gradually developed measures against the bends C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles D．evolved an anti－depression means but soon lost it 答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句可以推斷出答案。Rothschild可能已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論：魚龍類生物未能進(jìn)化出反減壓器官。] Task 2：詞匯積累 1．reduction n．減少 2．consequence n．結(jié)果 3．cut off 切斷 4．to the point of 達(dá)到……的程度 5．investigate vt.調(diào)查 6．a(chǎn)dapt to 適應(yīng) 7．to this end為了這個(gè)目的 8．a(chǎn)ssume vt.假定 9．a(chǎn)n abundance of 大量的…… 10．by contrast 相比之下 Task 3：攻克長(zhǎng)難句 1．Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. 分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，to find out...作目的狀語。 2．What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of depression over the 150 million years. 分析：What he particularly wanted to investigate是主語從句；how ichthyosaurs adapted to...是表語從句。