2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)真題研練68牛津譯林版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)真題研練68牛津譯林版 Task 1：閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。 (xx·浙江，C)If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜間活動的) species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. The benefits of this kind of engineering e with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and pletely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected. In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost. We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁鐵)．The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings. Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself. Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文?，F(xiàn)如今人類使夜晚充滿了人造光線，使得夜晚不再黑暗，但這么做所造成的光污染的不好影響是巨大的，到了考慮這么做的后果的時候了。 1．According to the passage，human beings ________. A．prefer to live in the darkness B．a(chǎn)re used to living in the day light C．were curious about the midnight world D．had to stay at home with the light of the moon 答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.”可知，我們?nèi)祟愂前滋旎顒拥膭游?，?xí)慣了在日光下生活。故答案為B。] 2．What does “it” (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to? A．The night. B．The moon. C．The sky. D．The planet. 答案　A　[代詞指代題。it是代詞，指代前面提到的事物，而前面提到的是night，指用來照亮黑夜。] 3．The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________. A．provide examples of animal protection B．show how light pollution affects animals C．pare the living habits of both species D．explain why the number of certain species has declined 答案　B　[目的意圖題。第三段談到了光污染，后面的段落是對光污染影響的詳細(xì)說明，作者以鳥和青蛙為例來說明光污染對動物的影響。] 4．It is implied in the last paragraph that ________. A．light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals B．light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages C．human beings cannot go to the outer space D．human beings should reflect on their position in the universe 答案　D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe...”可推斷出，我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該反思我們所在宇宙中的身份地位。] 5．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The Magic Light. B．The Orange Haze. C．The Disappearing Night. D．The Rhythms of Nature. 答案　C　[標(biāo)題歸納題。整篇文章都在說明光污染給生物帶來的巨大影響，本來是寧靜、舒適的夜晚也被人類設(shè)計的燈光所影響。所以，標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是The Disappearing Night。] Task 2：詞匯積累 1．consequence n．后果，結(jié)果 2．a(chǎn)dapt to 適應(yīng) 3．a(chǎn)rtificial adj.非天然的，人造的 4．biological force 生物的力量 5．essential adj.基本的 6．rhythm n．節(jié)奏；韻律 7．dimension n．方面 8．cultural heritage 文化遺產(chǎn) Task 3：語法填空 The __1__ (benefit) of this kind of engineering e with consequences—called light pollution—__2__ effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is __3__ (large) the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light __4__ (shine) outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the __5__ (dark)of night and pletely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—__6__ which many forms of life，__7__ (include) ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life __8__ (affect)． 答案　1.benefits　2.whose　3.largely　4.to shine 5．darkness　6.to　7.including　8.is affected Task 4：短文改錯(下面文字有六處錯誤，請改正) Frogs near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as as a million times brighter than normal，throwing every aspect of their behavior out of joint their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself. Task 5：攻克長難句(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，嘗試翻譯成漢語) In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy-arching overhead. 分析：這是一個由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。其中主句中又由兩個不定式充當(dāng)賓語補足語。 譯文：在一個非常真實的意義上，光污染使我們在宇宙中失去真我，忘記了我們?nèi)祟惖拿ＣＬ罩兴嫉谋壤?，而這些失去的正好就是最好的測量銀河系深夜的工具。