高中英語 Unit 2 section 2 Learning about Language課件 新人教版選修8.ppt

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Cloning,Unit 2,Section Learning about Language,Unit 2,.詞匯過關(guān) 1_ n. 憲法，章程 2_ adj. 必須做的，義務的，強制的 3_ vt. 欠；歸功于_ 因為，由于 4_ vt. 打擾，打攪近義詞：_ 打擾，打斷 5_ n假定，設(shè)想_ v. 假定，設(shè)想 6_ n. 規(guī)則，規(guī)章,constitution,compulsory,owe,owing (to),bother,interrupt,assumption,assume,regulation,.短語自查 1_ 把歸功于 2_ 一定或注定 3_ 麻煩去干某事,owe.to.,be bound to do,bother to do sth,.經(jīng)典句式 1_ her family, and especially her nephew, her niece Daisy is very honest about her opinions. 與她的家人，尤其是她的侄子相比，她的侄女黛西對自己的觀點是非常坦率的。 2However, _ she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 但是，后來她染上嚴重肺病問題又使科學家們感到憂慮。 答案：1.Compared with 2.the problem that,.語法練習 用適當?shù)囊龑г~填空 1The hope_he may recover is not gone yet. 2The fact_you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. 3The problem_we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. 4I have no idea_he will come back. 5I have no impression_he went home，perhaps by bike. 6Next comes the question_you want to put in the box. 答案：1.that 2.that 3.whether 4.when 5.how 6what,1.owe vt.欠(錢，賬，人情等)；把歸功于；歸功于 Have you paid me back the money you owed me yet? 你欠我的錢還給我了嗎？ I owe you an apology for my rudeness last night. 昨天晚上我太粗暴了，應該向你道歉。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸虧有你我現(xiàn)在才仍然活著。 He owes his success to his hard work. 他把自己的成功歸功于辛勤的勞動。,知識拓展 owe vt. 欠(錢，賬，人情等)；把歸功于；歸功于 owe sb. sth.owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 owe sth. to sb./sth. 把某事歸功于某人/某物 owe it to sb. that. 把歸功于某人 owing to 由于；因為 表示“由于，因為”的短語：thanks to, due to, because of, on account of, as a result of They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather. 由于天氣變化，他們決定延期啟程。,注意：due to一般不位于句首。,活學活用 (1)完成句子 他把他的成功歸功于努力工作和實踐。 He_ _ _ _hard work and practice. The president_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(把奧運會成功歸功于)all the people. _ _ _ _(由于他的努力)，the law was passed.,答案：owed his success to owed the success of the Olympic Games to Owing to his efforts,(2)I_a debt of gratitude to his family so Ill do my best to help them whenever they are in trouble. Aborrow Blend Cowe D. give 答案：C 句意：我感激他一家人，無論他們什么時候遇到麻煩，我都將盡全力幫助他們。owe“欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于”，符合題意。borrow“借入”；lend“借出”；give“給予”。,2bother vt. 打擾；使擔憂；使煩惱n. U麻煩；C令人煩惱的事/人 I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time? 對不起，打擾了，請問現(xiàn)在幾點？ I dont want to bother him with my problems at the moment. 此刻我不想讓他為我的事操心。 Does it bother you that she earns more than you? 她比你掙的錢多，你是不是覺得不自在？ It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house. 想到她孤零零地待在那個大房子里我便坐立不安。,I didnt want to put you to any bother. 我不想給你添亂。 I hope I havent been a bother. 希望我沒打擾你。,知識拓展 bother to do sth.費心去做某事 bother about sth.為某事煩惱 bother sb. with sth.為某事麻煩某人 be sorry to bother you, but.很抱歉打擾你一下，但是 put sb. to any bother給某人添亂 without any bother毫不費力地 It bothers sb. that/to do sth.使某人苦惱的是 I didnt want to put you to any bother. 我不想給你添亂。,比較網(wǎng)站 bother, disturb, trouble與annoy 這些動詞均有“使人不安或煩惱”之意。 (1)bother指使人煩惱而引起的緊張不安或感到不耐煩。 The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 那問題已經(jīng)困擾了我?guī)讉€星期。 (2)disturb較正式用詞，多用于被動語態(tài)。指使人不能平靜或妨礙別人工作、思維或正常秩序，是程度較深的煩惱。 Im sorry to disturb you so early. 對不起，我這么早打擾你。,(3)trouble指給人在行動上帶來不便或在身心上造成痛苦。 Losing a little money doesnt trouble me. 損失一點錢我并不在意。 (4)annoy強調(diào)因被迫忍受令人不快、討厭的事而失去平靜或耐心，多指一時的打擾或惱怒。 His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors. 他母親因為他對鄰居如此粗暴無禮而生他的氣。,活學活用 (1)(2013湖南)Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us. Abothers Bhad bothered Cwould bother Dbothered 答案：A 考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：每天晚上大約兩點左右，蘇就開始說夢話了，這有點打擾我們。根據(jù)時間狀語 every night可知用一般現(xiàn)在時。,(2)補全句子 他一直沒有對我講真話，這讓我很苦惱。 _ _ _ _he hasnt been telling me the truth. 答案：It bothers me that,3assumption n. 假定；設(shè)想；承擔；擔任 make an assumption 假設(shè)；認為 on the assumption that. 在假定的情況下 His assumption proved to be correct. 他的假設(shè)被證明是對的。 We are working on the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year. 我們在假定明年通貨膨脹率不增加的情況下工作。,知識拓展 assume vt. 假定；設(shè)想；承擔 assume that. 假設(shè) assume office 就職 assume responsibility 承擔責任 assume an air/expression of. 裝出的樣子/表情 assuming that. 假定(作連詞用，相當于if) Assuming that it rains, what should we do? 假定下雨了，我們該怎么辦？,活學活用 選詞填空 (1)The assumption _ the price of meat would go down before the festival was wrong in fact.(that; which) (2)People tend to make _ about you when you have a disability.(assumptions; the assumption) (3)_ we are free next Sunday, what would you like to do？(Assuming that; Assume) 答案：(1)that (2)assumptions (3)Assuming that,be bound to(do)一定或注定(做) Look at the sky. Its bound to rain this afternoon. 看看天空，今天下午一定會下雨。 There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced. 引進新系統(tǒng)后一定會發(fā)生變化。 Youve done so much work that you are bound to pass the exam. 你下了這么大的工夫，你一定會通過這次考試的。,I feel bound to tell you that youre drinking too much. 我覺得有必要跟你說，你喝得太多了。 In a group as big as this, you are bound to have disagreements. 在這么大的一群人中，你一定會遇到不同意見。,知識拓展 be bound to sth. 被束縛于某物；被綁在某物上 be bound to do sth. 一定會；有義務做某事 be bound (for.) 準備(去) be bound up in 熱心于；忙于 be bound up with 與有密切關(guān)系,活學活用 (1)完成句子 If you read fast every day，you_ _ _(一定)improve your English level. He_ _ _ _ _ _(熱衷于收集古董)these days. 答案：are bound to is bound up in collecting antiques,(2)The question is_to come up at the meeting. Abound Bappropriate Cconvenient Dsuitable 答案：A 句意：會上必然要討論這個問題。be bound to do/be. 表示“一定會；很可能會”。,同位語 一個名詞或代詞后面有時可以跟一個名詞(或起類似作用的其他形式)，對前者進一步說明它指的是誰，是什么等，那么這一部分就叫做同位語。同位語與被它補充說明的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。 它可以是單詞、短語或從句。 .同位語的表現(xiàn)形式,新課標語法,1通常用逗號將同位語與其所修飾的先行詞隔開， 表示一種普通的同位關(guān)系。 This is Mr. Black, director of our hospital. 這是布萊克先生，我們醫(yī)院的院長。 She is a good teacher, the friend of yours. 她是一位好老師，也是你們的朋友。,2有時也可用破折號或冒號引導同位語。用破折號，停頓較長，對同位語起強調(diào)的作用；用冒號，停頓最長，強調(diào)的作用更大。 The orphans daily necessitiesclothes, food, etc.are supplied by a kindhearted teacher. 這名孤兒的日常用品衣服、食物等等由一位好心腸的老師提供。 In a sense, nouns can be divided into two kinds: the countable noun and the uncountable noun. 在某種意義上，名詞可分為兩類：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。,3有時， 同位語之前帶有引導詞，表示同位成分之間的特殊意義。常見的同位語引導詞有as, or, chiefly, especially, for example, for instance, in short, mainly, mostly, namely, that is, in particular, in other words, including, that is to say, such as, say, particularly, what, which, who, when, where, why, how, that, whether等。 Only one person can do the job, namely you. 只有一個人能做這項工作，那就是你。 You can buy fruit here, for example, oranges and bananas. 你可以在這里買水果，例如柑橘和香蕉。,4另外，無需借用任何引導詞或標點符號，而將同位語直接置于先行詞之后。 I have the honor to introduce Johns sister Jane to you. 我很榮幸地向你介紹簡，約翰的妹妹。 Tom gave his friend John a book. 湯姆給了朋友約翰一本書。,.用名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞及其短語作同位語 同位語有限制性和非限制性兩種，限制性同位語和前面的詞關(guān)系比較密切，中間不能停頓；非限制性同位語與前面的詞關(guān)系比較疏散，常用逗號把它們分開，表示略有停頓。 We teachers should be responsible for this.(名詞作同位語) 我們老師應該對此負責。 Mr.Robson，our head teacher，is from Canada.(名詞作非限制性同位語) 羅布森先生，我們的校長，來自加拿大。,They each put forward a proposal.(代詞作同位語) 他們每個人提出了一個建議。 You may leave it to us two.(數(shù)詞作同位語) 你可以把它留給我們兩個。 注意：多數(shù)的同位語都屬于限制性同位語。,.同位語從句 1同位語從句跟在一個名詞后，對其作進一步解釋；能跟同位語從句的名詞常見的有：announcement，belief, discovery，doubt, excuse, fact，fear，hope，idea, knowledge，news, order, promise, problem, proof, proposal, possibility, question, reply, remark, reason, report，rumour，story, suggestion, thought, truth 等。引導同位語從句的連詞最常用的是that，除此之外還有how, when, where, why, whether等。,The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby aroused immediate opposition. 說要在附近建造新機場的通告馬上引起了反對。 The suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion. 關(guān)于商店星期日也應該營業(yè)的提議，引起了激烈的爭論。,2為了保持句子平衡，同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面。 The story goes that William Tell killed the tyrant with an arrow. 傳說威廉泰爾用箭射死了暴君。 Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind. 突然我有一種顧慮：他可能會瞎。,3在表示建議、命令、請求、主張、目的、愿望等名詞后面的同位語從句中，謂語動詞必須采用虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，即：(should)V. He gave orders that the work(should)be started immediately. 他發(fā)出指示要立即開始工作。 Her suggestion is that we(should)give up the plan. 她建議我們應該放棄這個計劃。,.同位語從句和定語從句的差異 1定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時在從句中擔任某個成分(主語或賓語)，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。 Have you forgotten about that money(that)I lent you last week? 你忘了上星期我借給你的錢了吧？(定語從句) The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能是瑪麗生病了。(同位語從句),2定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。(定語從句) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。(同位語從句),高考鏈接 1(2014重慶)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. Awhen Bwhy Cthat Dhow 答案：B 本題考查同位語從句。句意：麥克昨天拒絕了耶魯大學的錄取，是真的嗎？是的，但是我不清楚他為什么這么做，耶魯大學是他喜歡的大學之一。why引導的從句作idea的同位語，由句意可知表示原因，故B項正確。,2(2013浙江)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. Ahow Bthat Cwhich Dwhether 答案：B 本題考查同位語從句的引導詞。句意：高層次的成功的唯一方法就是要相信在體育運動方面你比任何人都要強。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處 belief后接了同位語從句，從句不缺少成分，用that引導，所以正確答案為B。,3(2012重慶)Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. A. why B. how C. whether D. that 答案：D 考查名詞性從句?？崭窈蟮耐徽Z從句句意完整，故用that引導。,4(2012江蘇)The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dhow 答案：B 考查名詞性從句?？崭窈竺娴木渥诱f明了notice的具體內(nèi)容，是同位語從句；從句語意完整， 故用that引導。,.用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空 1I have no idea_he will come back. 2The question_we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 3We express the hope_they will come to visit China again. 4The news_they won the match is true. 5The news_you told us yesterday is true. 6Information has been put forward_more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.,答案：1.when 2.whether 3.that 4.that 5.that/which/ 6.that,.把下面兩個句子連成一個含同位語從句的復合句 1Two fifths of all girls in America are on a et The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot. _ _ 2The Queen of England was on a fourday visit in China. We heard the news last night. _ _,3Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.Many Chinese parents hold the view. _ _ 4Time travel is possible. We have no scientific proof of the idea. _ _,5Students should be given more free time. The suggestion is welcomed by many people. _ _ 6Will the sports meeting be held on time? The question will be discussed tomorrow. _ _,7The headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday. We are glad at the news. _ _ 8Where are we going for the holiday? Have you thought about the question? _ _,9A new teacher will teach us English next term. The message reached me yesterday. _ _ 10How did the accident come about? The driver refused to answer the policemans question. _ _,答案：1.The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot. 2We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a fourday visit in China. 3Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. 4We have no scientific proof of the idea that time travel is possible. 5The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.,6The question whether the sports meeting will be held on time will be discussed tomorrow. 7We are glad at the news that the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday. 8Have you thought about the question where we are going for the holiday? 9The message that a new teacher will teach us English next term reached me yesterday. 10The driver refused to answer the policemans question how the accident came about.,