立體倉庫設(shè)計-外文文獻(xiàn)

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Warehouse and control system simulator 1Warehouse Designautomated warehouseAutomated storage generally refers to using layers, a dozen or even dozens of layers of shelf storage unit goods storey, with the appropriate material handling equipment storage and a docking cargo warehouse. As such storage can take advantage of space to store goods, Gu Chang vividly calls it "warehouse. "The warehouse with the emergence and development of production and technological development after World War II the results. The early '50s, the United States emerged with overhead stacking crane warehouse; the late 50's early 60's appeared in the roadway the driver for crane operations warehouse; elevated in 1963, the United States took the lead in the use of computer-controlled storage technology, a The first computer-controlled warehouse. Since then, the automated warehouse in the United States and Europe have developed rapidly, and the formation of a special subject. Mid-60s, Japan began the construction of warehouse, and to develop faster, become the world's largest automated warehouse has one of the countries.Our warehouse and material handling equipment for the development did not start late 1963 developed into a first overhead stacking crane (machinery of the Beijing Materials Handling Research Institute), 1973, started to develop China's first computer-controlled Automated Warehouse (15 meters high, which is responsible for lifting machinery), the library and put into operation in 1980. So far, China's annual number of new automated warehouse about 100 or so. Because of the high-rise warehouse space utilization, a strong ability to enter the library, using computer control and management and help enterprises to implement modern management and other characteristics, has become an essential logistics and production management of storage technology, more and more enterprises attention. Automated overhead warehouse wide range of applications, almost all industries throughout. In China, the application of automated overhead warehouse industries are machinery, metallurgy, chemical, aerospace, electronics, pharmaceutical, food processing, tobacco, printing, distribution centers, airports, ports and so on.Automated warehouse is the rapid development of modern logistics system is an important part of it has to save space, reduce labor intensity and to eliminate errors and improve the level of warehouse automation and management, improve the quality of management and operations staff, reducing outages, effectively Reduce the backlog of liquidity, improve logistics efficiency and many other advantages. And plant-level networking and computer management information system closely connected with the production line is automated warehouse today CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) and FMS (flexible manufacturing system) essential key.The composition of automated warehouse Automated warehouse facilities mainly composed of three categories: (A) civil engineering and public works facilities 1. Treasury. Storage capacity and shelf warehouse design specifications are the main basis. Warehouse and control system simulator 22. Fire protection system. For the automated warehouse, since the large-scale warehouse, storage, and more goods and equipment density, while the warehouse management and operations staff relatively small warehouse and automatic fire extinguishing system is generally adopted. See fire rating, fire rating of high, if necessary, to set the automatic sprinkler system. 3. Lighting system. 4. Power system. 5. Ventilation and heating systems. 6. Other facilities. Such as drainage facilities, lightning ground facilities and environmental protection facilities.(B) Machinery and Equipment 1. Shelves. The material generally used in steel rack, steel shelf has the advantage of small size components, making easy to install short construction period, and can increase in storage capacity utilization. Automated warehouse shelves are generally divided into one cell, the cell is used to store pallets of goods or direct deposit. 2. Cartons and pallets. Cases and pallets of basic function is to hold small pieces of cargo to the forklift and stacker fork to take and store. Cases and pallets used for storage of goods, improve the efficiency of cargo handling and access. 3. Stacker. Stacker is the most important automated warehouse equipment, it is with the emergence of automated warehouse and developed a special crane. Tunnel machine can be at the top shelf movement back and forth between the roadway, the lifting platform up and down movement of goods on the lifting platform can access the device into the cargo box or cargo box removed from the cargo. 4. Peripheral handling equipment. Handling equipment is generally driven by electricity, by automatic or manual control of the goods from one place to another place. Such equipment includes conveyors, automatic guided vehicles and other equipment the form of a single, dual, ground, air, and one-dimensional run (ie, a straight line along the horizontal or vertical straight line), two-dimensional run, three runs and so on. Its role is to be completed with the tunnel drive the delivery of goods, transfer, sorting and other operations. The main transportation in the warehouse system to stop working for some reason, the peripheral device can also play its role in enabling operations to continue(C) electrical and electronic equipment 1. Detection device. Detection device is used to detect a variety of operating the device's physical parameters and chemical parameters to determine through testing and processing of data can provide the best basis for decision making for the system to ensure reliable operation of system security. Warehouse and control system simulator 32. Information recognition device. In the automated warehouse, this equipment is essential, it is used for acquisition of the goods, category, item, quantity, grade, destination, production plant, freight and other logistics information address. Such devices commonly used bar codes, magnetic stripe, optical character recognition technology and radio frequency. 3. Control device. Automated warehouse is equipped with a variety of access equipment and transportation equipment must have control devices to achieve automation of operation. Such control devices, including ordinary switches, relays, microprocessors, microcontrollers and programmable logic controller and so on. 4. Monitoring and dispatching equipment. Monitoring and scheduling equipment primarily responsible for coordinating the operation of the various parts of the system, it is automated storage of information hub, important in the whole system.5. Computer management system. Computer management system of accounts used for warehouse management and operations management, and enterprise management systems and the exchange of information.6. Data communications equipment. Automated warehouse is a complex structure of the automation system, which consists of many subsystems. The system, the devices need a lot of information exchange in order to complete the task, requiring large amounts of data communications equipment for information transmission medium, such devices including cables, infrared light, optical and electromagnetic wave.7. Large screen display. This is to warehouse staff easy to operate, easy to observe the situation and set up equipmentClassification of automated warehouseAutomated warehouse is a complex integrated automation system, as a specific form of storage, generally have the following classification: 1. In accordance with the Building and Classification By architectural forms can be divided into two kinds of integral and separate. (1) integral: is the storage shelves in addition to other goods, but also as a building support structure to form part of a building, warehouse shelf integrated structure that is generally integral over 12 meters in height. The warehouse structure, light weight, good integrity, seismic good. (2) separate: separate shelves in the goods stored inside the building independent existence. Separated 12 meters in height, but there are 15-20 meters of. Existing buildings for use as a warehouse or factory buildings and warehouses in a single place to build a high shelf.2. In accordance with the classification of the goods access to the form Access form is divided into units of the goods shelves, mobile shelves shelves style and type selection. Warehouse and control system simulator 4(1) shelf-type units: Unit shelf storage is a common form of type. Before the goods on the pallet or container, and then into the cargo space on the shelf unit. (2) Mobile Rack Type: Mobile Rack Type formed by the electric shelf, shelf can be walking on the tracks, closed by the control device control and separation of the shelves. Operations separate from the shelf, can be operating in the roadway; no job can be closed shelves, leaving only a job roadway, to improve space utilization. (3) selection of shelf-type: Select sorting shelves where the core part of the body is divided into roadway roadway outside sorting and sorting in two ways. "Chosen people before the arrival of" who is chosen by selecting cell type stacker arrival before the cargo box from the quantity of goods required in the selection of the library. "Goods to the people at the selection" is that there needed to tray or container of goods from the stacker to the selected area, select officers picked by the requirements of the bill of lading the goods required, and then return the goods remaining in situ.3. In accordance with the classification of the shelf structure in the form Goods can be divided into units format, through type, horizontal and vertical rotary rotary. (1) format storage unit goods: like shelf unit type, roadway accounted for about one-third of the area. (2) through type: To improve storage utilization, can be canceled at the alley between the rows of shelves, will be merged with the individual shelves, so that each layer of goods with each other through the same column, the formation of more goods to a storage unit channel, and a library in another Duanyou crane pick, a through-type warehouses. Vary according to the unit moves within the channel, passing through the warehouse can be divided into gravity rack storage shelves storage and shuttle cars. Gravity rack storage for each channel can only contain the same kind of inventory of goods, so it is not too much for the number of varieties of goods and relatively large warehouse. Shuttle car can access the inventory from a crane moving to another channel. (3) the level of rotating storage shelves: This warehouse itself can be in the horizontal plane running back and forth along the ring road. Each shelf formed by a number of separate containers, with a chain conveyor to link up these containers. Bottom of each container support rollers, the upper part of a guide wheel. Conveyor operation, the container will be the corresponding movement. Need to extract certain types of goods, just to give a library table in the operating instructions. When equipped with the necessary containers to ship cargo port, the rack stop. This shelf is for picking small items are appropriate. It is simple and practical, full use of space, requirements for the operating frequency is not high occasions. (4) Vertical carousel-type storage: storage and horizontal carousel-style similar to, but the rotation of the horizontal plane to vertical plane of rotation. This shelf is suitable for storage of the scroll-like goods, such as carpet, floor leather, roll film, cable rolls.Design of automated warehouseEach automated warehouse designs are in several major phases, each phase has its Warehouse and control system simulator 5goals to be achieved.(A) the preparation of the design beforeNeeds analysis (preparation stage) is the first stage, in this phase have a question, determine the design goals, and determine the design standards.Designed to collect data through research, identifying constraints, and its detailed analysis.Design includes the following aspects:1.To understand the construction of the library on-site conditions, including weather, terrain, geological conditions, ground bearing capacity, wind and snow loads, seismic conditions, and other environmental impact.2.In the automated warehouse in the overall design, mechanical, structural, electrical, civil engineering and other professional cross, mutual restraint, which requires third-party logistics enterprises in the design must take into account the professional needs.For example, the mechanical precision of the movement of the structure produced according to the precision and accuracy of the selected civil settlement.3.Third-party logistics companies to develop storage systems for investment, staffing and other programs, in order to determine the scale and mechanized storage system, the degree of automation.4.To third-party logistics enterprise storage systems and other aspects related to the conditions investigation, for example, the source of the goods, link library field of traffic, goods packaging, cargo handling methods, the final destination of goods and means of transport, etc..(B) of the library site selection and planningLibrary field storage system for the selection and arrangement of investment in infrastructure, logistics costs, labor conditions have important significance.Taking into account the urban planning, the overall operation of third party logistics, warehouse automation preferably near the ports, docks, cargo terminals and other transportation hubs, or close to the manufacture or origin of raw materials, or close to the main sales market, which can greatlyreduce the cost of third-party logistics companies.Is it reasonable for the library address field of environmental protection, urban planning, and also have some effect.For example, choose to limit commercial traffic by an automated warehouse, on the one hand incompatible with a thriving commercial environment, on the other hand take a high price to buy land.Most importantly, due to traffic restrictions, only a day to transport goods at night, which is obviously unreasonable.(C) determine the storage forms, practices and machinery and equipment parametersWarehouse storage in the form of goods in the survey required based on the determined.Generally used format storage unit goods, if the stored goods in the single or small, and large quantities of goods, you can use gravity rack or other forms of passing through the warehouse.The process according to the storage requirements (the whole unit or scattered out of storage) to determine whether stacking picking, picking if necessary, and then determine the way picking.In order to improve the efficiency of the storage handling, should minimize the single-mode operation (ie, a single library or single library), to maximize the use of composite practices (ie, indirect or return handling operations also.)Or two cells with a cargo handling practices, specific practices are: the stage set in the stacker two forks, they are Warehouse and control system simulator 6flexible, you can also stretch to access the two cells of the goods.Another way is to increase the depth of the shelf, the size of the design into two cargo units, the corresponding stacker should also widened double dock, fork should be doubled, so take a cargo unit to the forkWhen fork out half as long as you can, if you want to take the fork of two cargo units simultaneously, as long as the fork fully extended on it.In the automated warehouse operation there is a way of frequently used, and this is the so-called "free cargo space" means that the goods could go to storage, especially for frequent and long out of storage, overweight cargo, it should be as far as possible tonear the location of cargo and shipping operations, this can not only shorten the storage time, but also save transportation costs.Automated warehouse equipment used there are many, generally including the retrieval machine, continuous conveyor, top shelves, there is a high degree of automation, automatic guided vehicles.When carrying out the overall design of the warehouse, according to the size of the warehouse, the variety of goods, out of storage and frequency of choosing the most appropriate machinery and equipment, and to determine the main parameters of these devices.(D) to determine the form and size cargo unitsThe automated warehouse on the premise that units of the handling, cargo units, determining the form, size and weight is a very important issue.It will affect the third party logistics warehouse investment, but also will affect the entire storage system, equipment, facilities and other issues.Therefore, in order to reasonably determine the form of cargo units, size and weight, should be based on the results of surveys and statistics, listing all the possible forms of cargo units and specifications, and make a reasonable choice.Comparison of shape and size for those special or heavy goods can be dealt with separately.In the cargo units in the form and specifications are determined, should also identify the size of cargo box, cargo box size depends on the cargo units, leaving a net around the shelf components related to the size and dimensions.Generally these are based on the actual situation of net size and relevant experience data to determine.(E) determine the storage capacity (including buffer zone)Storage capacity is the capacity of the warehouse at the same time, the number of cargo units, which is automated warehouse is a very important parameter.As the inventory cycle will be affected by many unexpected factors, so stocks will be far beyond the wave peak times the actual automated warehouse storage capacity.In addition, some automated warehouse shelf areas considered only the capacity, to the neglect of the buffer area, resulting in lack of buffer area, so get out of the shelf area of goods, the goods could not get outside the Treasury.(F) warehouse distribution area and other areasSince the total area is certain, and many third-party logistics enterprises in the construction of importance only when the automated warehouse office, laboratory (including R & D) area, but they ignore the warehouse area, thus creating a situation that in order to meet the storage capacity ofneeds, had developed through the space to meet the requirements.However, the higher shelves, machinery and equipment purchase costs and the higher operating costs.In addition, the automated warehouse logistics within the Warehouse and control system simulator 7optimal route is linear, but in the warehouse design is often limited by the surface area, resulting in their logistics circuitous route (usually s-shaped, or even mesh)This will increase the number of unnecessary inputs and trouble.(Vii) the matching of personnel and equipmentRegardless of automated warehouse how high degree of automation, the specific operation still needs some manual labor, so the number of staff to be appropriate.Lack of staff will reduce the efficiency of the warehouse, would cause too much waste.Automated warehouse with a lot of advanced equipment, and therefore require a relatively high quality of personnel, the quality of personnel can not keep up, it will also reduce the throughput capacity of the warehouse.Third-party logistics companies need to recruit specialized personnel, and its specialized training.(H) data transmission systemSince the data transmission path is not smooth or data redundancy and other reasons, will result in slow data transfer system, or even to transfer and, therefore, to consider the automated warehouse enterprise internally and with third-party logistics management system on the lower level problem of information transfer between.(Ix) the overall operational capabilityAutomated warehouse in the upstream, downstream and internal coordination