2924 加工中心自動換刀系統(tǒng)設(shè)計1

2924 加工中心自動換刀系統(tǒng)設(shè)計1,加工,中心,自動,系統(tǒng),設(shè)計 翻 譯英語原文：Hydraulic shield-type supportAbstract:The invention is concerned with a hydraulic shield-type support for supporting roofs in mines comprising a pair of base slides between which is located a channel-section guide beam supporting an hydraulic ram. At the rear end of the hydraulic ram a yoke is pivotally connected at a central part thereof to the rear end of the guide beam, the two outer portions of the yoke being pivotally connected to the rear end portions of the base slides. The front extendable end of the ram is connected to an elongate flat tongue which is longitudinally slidable in the guide beam underneath the hydraulic ram.1. A hydraulic shield-type mine-roof support comprising a pair of adjacent base slides adapted to slide along the floor of a mine, at least one hydraulic prop pivotally connected at a lower end thereof to said base slides, at least two control levers pivotally connected at lower ends thereof to said base slides, a shield pivotally connected to upper ends of said control levers whereby the shield can be lifted and lowered with respect to said base slides, a mine-roof engaging structure pivotally attached to an upper portion of said shield, a driving ram adapted to act at both ends and disposed between said base slides, means including an inspection platform connected to an extendable part of said ram for the purpose, in operation of the apparatus, of connecting said ram to a conveyor at the working face of a mine, a channel-section guide beam located between said base slides and arranged to support said driving ram, a transverse connecting yoke pivotably interconnecting said base slides at the rear ends thereof to permit relative movement between said base slides both longitudinally and vertically, means connecting an outer cylinder of the driving ram to said guide beam, means coupling said transverse yoke to the rear end portion of said guide beam by at least one substantially vertical pivot pin, and means connecting said extendable part of said ram to an elongate tongue longitudinally guided by said guide beam within the channel thereof, below said driving ram, and connected to said inspection platform. 2. A mine-roof support as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channel of said guide beam is open at its upper side and partially receives the driving ram. 3. A mine-roof support as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means connecting the outer cylinder of the ram to the guide beam comprise a stirrup which bridges the channel in the guide beam. 4. A mine-roof support as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substantially vertical pivot pin coupling said transverse yoke to the guide beam is located at a central portion of said yoke, and wherein the outer portions of said yoke are pivotally connected to the respective base slides through longitudinally-extending hinge joint pins, each pin being secured so that it can rotate about its longitudinal axis in a respective bearing housing disposed at the rear end of the respective base slide. Description:This invention relates to hydraulic shield-type supports for supporting roofs in mines, especially coal-mines. In German Published Patent Application No. 26 44 999 there is described a hydraulic shield-type mine-roof support comprising two base slides which are movable relatively to one another in a vertical direction and which form a pedestal for hydraulic vertically-adjustable props, a roof-engaging plate or other structure which is pivoted near its back-filling end to an obliquely-disposed shield guided in a vertically pivotable manner by control levers pivotably connecting the rear portion of the shield to the base slides, and a hydraulic driving ram disposed between the base slides. One end of the driving ram of the support is connectable to a cross-member connecting the base slides on the working face side, while the other end of the driving ram is connectable at the back-filling side via a transverse yoke to a guide linkage which, in turn, at the working-face side, is connected to a conveyor, driving beam or the like. The force of the driving ram required for moving the support forwards is transmitted to the base slides via the cross-member on the working-face side. If, during the advance of the support, one of the base slides moves over an uneven part of the mine floor, the result (owing to the pivoting connection of the control levers to the shield and the base slides) will be a lifting motion of that base slide relatively to the other slide and a simultaneous forward motion. The said cross-member must therefore be constructed to follow the complicated motion of the base slides in two directions, since otherwise the driving ram will be loaded by unacceptably-high transverse forces. However, the structure required for making this possible is relatively expensive and takes up too much space. In particular, as the cross-member and its associated structure is disposed in the working-face region of the base slides where the travelling-road usually is, the road is considerably obstructed as a result. It is therefore necessary, particularly in thin seams, to move the drive ram further into the support, thus reducing the total length of the support. In order to shorten the total length of the driving mechanism and allow the driving ram to move further into the support, it has been proposed to mount the drive ram on a swivel mounting at one side on a base slide of the support, a bridge interconnecting the two base slides, serving only, in this case, to guide the base slides parallel to one another--see German Published Patent Application No. 26 44 614. This drive mechanism, however, has the disadvantage that the driving force exerted on only one base slide is now transmitted to the adjacent base slide via the shield and the above-mentioned control levers. As a result, the adjacent base slide is subjected to a component of force directed towards the floor of the mine which presses the tip of the latter slide into the floor. The main object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a drive mechanism which does not obstruct the travelling-road in the front region of the support and which transmits the force of the driving ram to both base slides substantially equally. With this object in view, the invention is directed to a hydraulic shield-type mine roof support comprising a pair of adjacent base slides adapted to slide along the floor of a mine, at least one hydraulic prop pivotally connected at a lower end thereof to said base slides, at least two control levers pivotally connected at lower ends thereof to said base slides, a shield pivotally connected to upper ends of said control levers whereby the shield can be lifted and lowered with respect to said base slides, a mine-roof engaging structure pivotally attached to an upper portion of said shield, a driving ram adapted to act at both ends and disposed between said base slides, means including an inspection platform connected to an extendable part of said ram for the purpose, in operation of the apparatus, of connecting said ram to a conveyor at the working face of a mine, a guide beam located between said base slides and arranged to support said driving ram, a transverse connecting yoke pivotably interconnecting said base slides at the rear ends thereof, means connecting an outer cylinder of the driving ram to said guide beam, and means connecting said extendable part of said ram to an elongate tongue longitudinally guided by said guide beam and connected to said inspection platform. An example of a mine-roof support in accordance with the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a side view of the support, shown diagrammatically; FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view from above of the base slides and drive mechanism forming part of the support shown in FIG. 1; and FIG. 3 is a section taken on the line III--III in FIG. 2. The mine-roof support shown in the drawings comprises a pair of base slides 1, 2 which lie alongside each other and are shaped to slide over the floor of a mine. Pivotally connected to the base slides is at least one hydraulic prop 3 and at least two control levers 4 and 5, the lower end of the prop 3 being connected to the base slides by the pivot means 6, and the lower ends of the levers 4 and 5 being connected to the base slides by the pivot means 7, 8. The upper ends of the levers 4, 5 are pivotally connected at 10 and 11 respectively to a shield 12 which can, by expansion and contraction of the prop 3, be raised and lowered with respect to the base slides 1, 2. At its upper end, the shield 12 pivotally supports at 13 a roof-engaging plate or other such structure 14 to which the upper end of the prop 3 is pivotally connected at 9. The face of the mine is shown at 31 in FIG. 1. A hydraulic driving ram 15 which can act at both ends is disposed between the base slides 1, 2 in a channel-section guide beam 16 which is closed towards the floor of the mine. The ram 15 is secured to the beam 16 by a retaining stirrup 17 which is disposed on the upper surface of the outer cylinder 18 of the ram 15 and which is secured by cotter pins 19 to the side walls 20 of the beam 16. The free end of the extendable inner cylinder 21 of the ram points towards the working-face 15 and is connected to an upwardly-projecting bracket 22 of an elongate tongue 23 which is longitudinally guided under the ram 15 in the beam 16. The tongue 23 has a flat rectangular cross-section (see FIG. 2) and is guided over its entire length in the beam when the ram 15 is fully retracted. At the working-face side, the tongue extends from the ram abutment formed by the bracket 22 into a flat inspection platform 24 which can move over the floor and is connected in turn to a conveyor, driving beam of like transporting means 25 (shown only diagrammatically in the drawings) disposed at the working-face 31. At the back-filling side of the support, a vertical link pin 26 in the rear part of the beam 16 or in the ram 15 is pivotally connected to a transverse yoke 27 which is constructed like a balance beam and interconnects the base slides 1 and 2 on the back-filling side (i.e. at the rear portions of those slides) and forms an abutment for the ram 15 at that side. The slides 1 and 2 are each connected to the outer portions of the transverse yoke 27 by pivot pins 28 and hinge joint pins 29 extending along the longitudinal axes of the slides 1, 2 respectively. The pins 29 are therefore coupled at one end to the transverse yoke 27 by the vertical pivot pins 28 and are rotatably secured at their other ends in respective bearing housings 30 pivotally located at the back-filling ends of the base slides 1 and 2. It will thus be seen that the two base slides of the support are interconnected at the back-filling side by the drive mechanism and are guided, in parallel, substantially by means of the control levers 4, 5. The force of the driving ram 15 is transmitted to both slides 1, 2 substantially uniformly and equally, i.e. without transverse forces, via the transverse yoke 27 and the hinge joint pins 27 disposed in the longitudinal axes of the slides 1, 2. The pivot connections 26,28,29 also allow the slides to move relatively to one another. By means of the base slides 1, 2, the driving forces are also uniformly transmitted to the other components of the support. During an advance of the support, the driving ram 15 mounted in the guide beam 16 and connected to the movable tongue 23 therein is completely relieved from transverse forces. Further, the driving mechanism as a whole is very compact and stable, and takes up only a little space in the support, particularly as the working-face end of the tongue 23 guided in the guide beam 16 leads into an inspection platform guided flat along the mine floor between the forward portions of the base slides 1,2. As a result, even in very thin seams, those forwards portions can extend up to the conveyor 25 without reducing the width required for travelling in the longwall face.漢語譯文掩護式液壓軸承摘要這個發(fā)明是關(guān)于用來支撐礦頂?shù)难谧o式液壓軸承，他是由一對底座構(gòu)成，在底座之間，有一個用于固定推移千斤頂?shù)膶虬?。在推移千斤頂?shù)暮蟛?，銷軸連接的橫梁位于導向板的后面，橫梁的兩端用銷軸連接在底座的后端。推移活塞桿前端與推移桿相連，推移桿是由位于推移千斤頂下面的導向板進行縱向移動。1. 放頂煤掩護式液壓軸承包括一組適合沿著煤礦表面向前移動的底座滑移裝置，至少有一根液壓立柱在下端部分與上述的滑移底座用銷軸連接在一起，至少有兩個連桿在下端部分與上述的滑移底座連接用銷軸連接在一起，掩護梁與上述連桿的上部末端用銷軸連接在一起，因此掩護梁能夠通過底座支撐來實現(xiàn)上升和下降，頂梁用銷軸與掩護梁的上部連接在一起，推移千斤頂在兩個末端之間運動，并位于在底座之間，包括一個推移板，它與推移千斤頂?shù)幕钊麠U的伸出端相連，在這些裝置操作中，在采煤工作面，推移板與刮板輸送機，位于底座之間的導向板連接，并用來支撐上述的推移千斤頂，橫梁用銷軸與底座中的后部連接，以允許在底座之間相互做縱向和垂直運動，意味著把推移千斤頂?shù)耐飧左w連接到上述的導向板上，至少通過一根充分垂直的銷釘把橫梁與導向板的后部連接在一起，同時通過內(nèi)部裝有溝槽的導向板把推移千斤頂伸出部分與導向板縱向伸出部分相連，在推移千斤頂下面，連接著推移板。1．正如在要求 1 中所要的那樣，在煤層支撐中，導向板的溝槽在它處于上面一側(cè)是開式的，并承受推移千斤頂?shù)耐屏Α?．正如在要求 1 中所要的那樣，在煤層支撐中，把推移千斤頂外側(cè)缸體與導向板連接的上述方法是用馬鐙，馬鐙是跨過導向板的溝槽裝置。3．正如在要求 1 中所要的那樣，在煤層支撐中，上述垂直中心銷釘把橫梁與導向梁聯(lián)接在一起，它位于橫梁的中心位置，橫向梁的外側(cè)部分通過縱向銷軸與各自的底座相連接，每個銷軸是如此的安全，以滿足它能在位于各自底座后部的縱軸方向上旋轉(zhuǎn)。背景：這個發(fā)明講述的是支撐礦頂?shù)难谧o式液壓軸承，尤其是用在煤礦。在德國專利 NO.2644999 的出版物上，有一段關(guān)于掩護式液壓軸承的描述，它包含兩個底部滑塊，他們能在垂直方向相對的移動。軸承還包括垂直伸縮的立柱，頂梁，和其他裝置機構(gòu)。傾斜著的掩護梁在垂直方向通過銷軸相連的前、后連桿轉(zhuǎn)動，連桿通過銷軸把掩護梁的后部與底座連接在一起。推移千斤頂位于底座之間。軸承推移千斤頂?shù)暮蠖伺c中間塊連接，這中間塊是使兩個底座相互連接。相反，推移千斤頂?shù)牧硪欢伺c經(jīng)過橫梁的引導板裝置連接，依次，在工作區(qū)，引導板連接著輸送機，操縱梁或類似的東西。千斤頂?shù)淖饔昧Ρ匦枘苁馆S承向前移動，這個作用力經(jīng)過工作面上的中間塊傳遞到底座的。在軸承前移的過程中，如果底部滑塊中的一個移向不平整礦層，結(jié)果（由于銷軸連接的連桿相對于掩護梁和底部滑塊）將底座滑塊相對于另一個底座滑塊上移，其同時向前運動。因此，中間塊必須滿足這一復雜運動，即底座兩個方向。否則，推移千斤頂將承受無窮大的橫向力。可是，中間塊為了滿足上述要求將造價很高，占用更大的空間。詳細地，橫梁與它連接構(gòu)件位于底部滑塊工作區(qū)域，在那兒又是交通道，結(jié)果是相當?shù)負頂D。因此，有必要特別地在微小的細縫中使千斤頂在支撐過程中移動更長的距離，以此，減小軸承總的長度。為了能縮短總的驅(qū)動裝置總長，并允許推移千斤頂在支撐過程中移動更遠的距離，據(jù)提議的方案，在支撐的底部滑塊上一側(cè)給千斤頂裝上旋轉(zhuǎn)裝置，底座通過連接橋連接，緊緊通過這些，引導底部滑塊相互之間平行——可參見德國專利申請出版物 NO.2644614。盡管，這種驅(qū)動裝置有它的不利一面。就是驅(qū)動力作用在一個滑塊上，作用力通過掩護梁和上述提過的連桿傳遞到接近的底部滑塊。結(jié)果，鄰近的滑塊承受了直接指向礦井的表面作用力，這部分作用力把后者滑塊傾斜地壓向表面。目前發(fā)明的主要對象是驅(qū)動機械裝置。它不能在支撐區(qū)域的前面阻隔交通道路，從千斤頂向兩個底部滑塊平等傳遞力的大小。隨著目標對象的明確，發(fā)明的出發(fā)點直接指向掩護式液壓軸承，其由一對相互靠近的底座滑塊，它適應(yīng)沿著煤礦表層滑動，至少有一根立柱，用銷軸連接底部滑塊較低的末端，至少有兩根連桿，用連接位于底部滑塊較低的末端，掩護梁用銷軸連接連桿的上端，掩護梁能與底座的相互作用上升或下降，一個推移千斤頂，在滑塊之間末端和傾斜處運動，在下面的圖片中，將展示和發(fā)明一致的礦層軸承例子：圖片 1 是軸承在一側(cè)的粗略視圖圖片 2 是一個放大視圖，是從底座和驅(qū)動裝置上看，圖片 1 所展示的部分軸承圖片 3 是在圖片 1 中的 III—III 處局部視圖如圖所示，液壓軸承包括一對底部滑塊 1、2，他們各自位于對方旁邊，是貼著礦層表面移動。用銷軸與底座連接的包括至少一根立柱3，至少兩根連桿 4、5，立柱 3 的下端通過銷軸 6 與底座連接，前、后連桿 4、5 的下端通過銷軸 7、8 與底座連接。連桿 4、5 的上端用銷軸10、11 分別與掩護梁 12 連接，通過立柱 3 的伸長、收縮，與底座滑塊1、2 的相互作用實現(xiàn)上升或下降。在它的上端，掩護梁 12 用銷軸 13與頂梁或者其他這樣的結(jié)構(gòu) 14 連接，像 與立柱 3 的上端用銷軸 9 連接。在圖 1 中，31 表示的是礦井工作面。推移千斤頂 15，位于底部滑塊 1、2 之間沒，在他們兩端之間運動。導向梁 16 緊貼礦井表面。相對于導向梁 16 來說推移千斤頂 15 是可靠的，他是通過馬蹄裝置 17 固定。馬蹄 17 位于推移千斤頂 15 的缸體外側(cè)表面上側(cè)。馬蹄 17 通過開口銷 19 固定在導向梁 16 的邊沿 20。推移千斤頂活塞桿 21 的伸出末端，指向工作面 31，與中間塊 23 的耳座 22連接，中間塊 23 縱向引導，它位于在導向梁 16 上的推移千斤頂 15 的下面。中間塊 23 有一個平整的橫截面（如圖 2 所示） ，當推移千斤頂15 完全縮回時，中間塊 23 在梁上引導全長。在工作區(qū)，伸出頭部從活塞桿伸向推移板 24。在表層上移動，與轉(zhuǎn)動的輸送機相連，像輸送機25 的驅(qū)動梁（圖中只是大概描述）位于工作面 31。在軸承的回填邊上，位于導向梁 16 的尾部或在推移千斤頂 15 垂直銷釘 26 用銷軸與橫向板 27 相連，它類似于平衡梁，使滑塊底座 1、2相互連接（例如，在滑塊后部） ，從兩側(cè)為推移千斤頂 15 形成兩個支點。底座滑塊 1、2 各自沿著縱向軸線通過銷軸 28 和鉸接釘 29 連接著橫梁板 27。鉸接釘 29 因此通過垂直銷軸 28 連接著橫向板 27，并與他們各自的承受框架 30 安全旋轉(zhuǎn)，框架 30 用銷軸固定在回填裝置的底座的末端。如圖所示，軸承的兩個底部滑塊通過驅(qū)動裝置在回填邊上連接。連桿 4、5 引導他們互相平行。底部滑塊 1、2 分別向活塞桿傳遞大小相同的力，而沒有橫向力，通過橫向板 27 和銷軸 28 在滑塊 1、2 縱軸傾斜。銷軸 26、28、29 允許滑塊相對的移向另一側(cè)。經(jīng)底部滑塊 1、2 作用，其他軸承部分也能受到大小相等的驅(qū)動力。在軸承移架過程中，推移千斤頂 15 安裝在導向梁 16 上，中間塊23，在那里承受足夠大的橫向力。其外，作為一個整體的驅(qū)動裝置是非常緊湊和可靠的，僅僅有很小的縫隙，特別地，中間塊 23 在千斤頂中沿著礦井表面在底部滑塊之間指向推移板。結(jié)果，即使很小的縫隙，前端部分能夠伸向輸送機 25 而不需要在開采面上減少寬度就能滿足運輸。