2771 光學(xué)磨床主軸設(shè)計及三維建模

2771 光學(xué)磨床主軸設(shè)計及三維建模,光學(xué),磨床,主軸,設(shè)計,三維,建模 1 原文：Modern machinery processing and manufacturing technology from the higher precision and production efficiency developed rapidly both at the same time. Improve production efficiency in recent years, CAD / CAM technology, CNC technology, CIMS technology very widely used, making the production efficiency is greatly enhanced. In improving the machining accuracy, precision machining, ultra precision machining and even nano-processing is the direction the world is committed to developing its precision from micron to sub-micron level, and even nano-level, in the defense, aerospace, nuclear power and the high-tech economy wide field of applications. With the development of science and technology, machining accuracy can be achieved by a rapid increase. Literature at home and abroad are talking about precision ultra-precision machining, generally refers to the micron level (shape and size of error is 3 to 0.3 microns) to achieve high-precision machining, machine tool equipment must be designed in from all directions which is committed to improving its precision. With the development of science and technology, machining accuracy can be achieved by a rapid increase. Literature at home and abroad are talking about precision ultra-precision machining, generally refers to the micron level (shape and size of error is 3 to 0.3 microns) to achieve high-precision machining, machine tool equipment must be designed in from all directions which is committed to improving its precision.Currently, the international reciprocating table surface grinding machine speeds up to 200m/min, plus tableSpeed 50m/s2. Of course, this is achieved by linear motor after this level. Indeed, the use of new features to improve the performance of the host machine from a very big roleHigh-speed travel grinding, also known as rapid short stroke grinding, this method is high speed and high acceleration table for grinding. Although this method more than 20 years of history, but rapid development in recent years. Transmission from the DC motor into a toothed belt or ballscrew drive linear motor drive, its movement is faster, more efficient and a wider range of applicationsHigh-speed the past 2 years, the European high-speed travel faster grinding get progress, supported by the European Union, a subject called AGNETA by BLOHM, INA, ROLLS-ROYCE and other manufacturers and universities to participate, after several years of basic research and applications Study, in September 2004 on the success of the project intended to achieve two main objectives - to reduce processing costs by 40% and 50% reduction of grinding time. View from the grinding mechanism, grinding high-speed travel is not a new way of processing, but a variant of grinding or surface grinding of the extension. In short, high-speed grinding technology is a new itinerary effective grinding method, for difficult to machine materials and hard materials with great potential.High grinding center of the small, practical, and composite, grinding center development for over 20 years of history, with the grinding technology and computer technology continues to progress, grinding centers, manufacturing has improved continuously . Grinding Center is a flexible grinding system, its technology is based on mechatronics and computer technology. Grinding machining center machining center can be divided into conventional grinding type and extension of extension of type two. From 2005 to see the European Machine Tool Exhibition, the exhibition center is grinding grinding extension type, the grinding machine from a simple exchange of the original development of the grinding wheel and milling, and drilling tool hybrid exchange for a fixture in the workpiece after the completion of all processing operations. Therefore, the development trend of grinding machining center is a small, practical, and composite. Overall enhanced grinding and hard machining technology competition.Foreign-class machine tool manufacturers have strong capability of independent innovation, at each key can be found on the machine tool exhibition highlights innovative. For example, in the 2005 European Machine Tool Exhibition, MAEGERLE the company unveiled the latest MFP a CNC grinding machine, the machine in the world for the first time using the latest drive technology and Siemens latest generation of CNC SINUMERIK line control device. The new hydrostatic drive technology in addition to the existing rail outside the X-axis is also the first time, hydrostatic screw. The new components to ensure that vibration is usually generated by screw to minimize, to provide line-driven than 15 times higher dynamic rigidity. Its advantages are: the largest damping and feed force, coupled with the screw shaft and nut to run between the wear-free. In addition, compared with the linear drive, low energy consumption to more than 10 times, will not produce any heat.2 翻譯：現(xiàn)代機械加工制造技術(shù)從提高加工精度和生產(chǎn)效率兩個方面同時迅速發(fā)展起來。在提高生產(chǎn)效率方面，近年來 CAD/CAM 技術(shù)、CNC 技術(shù)、CIMS 技術(shù)的發(fā)展極其廣泛應(yīng)用，使得生產(chǎn)效率得到大幅度的提高。在提高加工精度方面，精密加工、超精密加工乃至納米加工是世界各國致力發(fā)展的方向，其精度從微米級到亞微米級，乃至納米級，在國防、航天航空、核能以及國民經(jīng)濟各高新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，機械加工所能達到的精度得到了飛速的提高。目前國內(nèi)外文獻中談?wù)摰木艹芗庸?，一般指微米級（形狀尺寸誤差為 30.3微米）為實現(xiàn)高精度的加工，必須在機床設(shè)備的設(shè)計當(dāng)中從各個方向致力于提高其加工精度。目前，國際上平面磨床工作臺往復(fù)速度最高可達 200m/min，工作臺的加速度 50m/s2。當(dāng)然，這都是采用直線電機后才達到了這個水平。確實，新功能部件的使用對提高機床主機的性能起了非常大的作用高速行程磨削，也稱為快速短行程磨削，這種方法是以高的工作臺速度和高的加速度進行磨削加工。雖然，這種方法已有 20 多年的歷史，但最近幾年的發(fā)展較快。傳動方式由原來的直流電機齒帶或滾珠絲杠傳動變?yōu)椴捎弥本€電機驅(qū)動，其運動速度更快，效率更高，應(yīng)用范圍更廣。近 2 年，歐洲高速行程磨削得到較快的進步，由歐盟支持的一項稱為AGNETA 的課題，由 BLOHM、INA、ROLLS-ROYCE 等廠家和大學(xué)共同參與，經(jīng)過幾年基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究，2004 年 9 月就取得成功，實現(xiàn)了該項目預(yù)定的 2 個主要目標(biāo)減少加工費用 40%和減少磨削時間 50%。從磨削機理看，高速行程磨削并不是一種全新的加工方式，而是平面磨削的變型或是平面磨削的延伸?？傊?，高速行程磨削技術(shù)是一種新的有效的平面磨削方法，對于難加工材料和硬質(zhì)材料具有很大的潛力。磨削加工中心的小型化、實用化和復(fù)合化，磨削加工中心的發(fā)展已有 20 多年的歷史，隨著磨削加工技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)的不斷進步，磨削加工中心的制造水平不斷提高。磨削加工中心是一種柔性的磨削加工系統(tǒng)，它的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)是機電一體化和計算機技術(shù)。磨削加工中心一般可分為加工中心延長型和常規(guī)磨床延長型二種。從 2005 年歐洲機床展覽會看，所展出的磨削加工中心都是磨床延長型，機床從原來單純的磨頭交換發(fā)展到砂輪和銑、鉆等刀具混合型交換，以便在工件一次裝夾后就完成所有工序的加工。因此，磨削加工中心的發(fā)展趨勢是小型化、實用化和復(fù)合化。磨床從總體上增強了與硬切削技術(shù)競爭的能力。國外一流的機床制造企業(yè)都有強大的自主創(chuàng)新能力，在每屆重要的機床展覽會上都能發(fā)現(xiàn)有創(chuàng)新的亮點。比如在 2005 年的歐洲機床展覽會上，MAEGERLE公司展出了一臺最新的 MFP 數(shù)控磨床，該機在世界上首次采用最新的驅(qū)動技術(shù)和西門子最新一代的 SINUMERIK 在線控制的數(shù)控裝置。新的驅(qū)動技術(shù)除了現(xiàn)有的靜壓導(dǎo)軌以外，還在 X 軸上首次采用靜壓絲杠。這個新部件確保把通常采用絲杠產(chǎn)生的振動降低到最小，提供比用直線驅(qū)動高 15 倍之多的動態(tài)剛性。其優(yōu)點是：最大的阻尼特性和進給力，加上在絲杠軸和螺母之間無磨損的運行。此外，與直線驅(qū)動相比，能量消耗要低 10 倍以上，不會產(chǎn)生任何熱量。