高二英語備課《Module 4 Great Scientists》單詞·典句·考點(diǎn) 教學(xué)素材 外研版必修4

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111 名師導(dǎo)航 四點(diǎn)剖析 單詞·典句·考點(diǎn) 巧記提示　rise （v. 升起）→arise 經(jīng)典例句　Accidents often arise from carelessness. 事故往往起因于粗心。 How did this quarrel arise? 這場爭吵是由于何種原因引起的？ The problem may not arise, but there’s no harm in keeping our powder dry. 問題不一定會(huì)發(fā)生, 但有備無患并無害處。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)arise是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞, 其過去式:arose; 過去分詞:arisen; 現(xiàn)在分詞:arising 第三人稱單數(shù):arises。 2)常用詞組: arise from 由……而引起, 由……而產(chǎn)生; 從……中產(chǎn)生 arise out of 由……而引起, 由……而產(chǎn)生; 從……中產(chǎn)生 經(jīng)典例句　Business is booming. 生意日趨繁榮。 In a city with booming industry, land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used for traffic. 在一個(gè)工業(yè)飛速發(fā)展的城市里, 土地資源非常寶貴, 不能任意地用于交通。 He made his pile during the property boom. 在房地產(chǎn)生意興隆期間他發(fā)了大財(cái)。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　boom 還可以表示 “隆隆響”。如: Our teacher boomed out his answer. 我們的老師用低沉的聲音作出回答。 The tower clock boomed out twelve. 塔樓上的大鐘沉重地敲了十二下。 經(jīng)典例句　There was not much harmony in international affairs during those years. 那些年國際事態(tài)不很協(xié)調(diào)。 My cat and dog live in perfect harmony. 我的貓和狗相處得十分和睦。 In a beautiful picture there is harmony between the different colors. 美麗的畫面中, 不同色彩相協(xié)調(diào)。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)詞形變化:名詞復(fù)數(shù):harmonies; 形容詞:harmonious。 2)harmony相關(guān)詞組: be in harmony with與……協(xié)調(diào)一致 be out of harmony with與……不協(xié)調(diào)一致 live in harmony和睦相處 活學(xué)巧用　1. 單項(xiàng)填空 His tastes are __________ harmony with mine. A. at 　 B. in 　 C. out　 D. on 答案：B 巧記提示　consult (v. 參考)+-ant (名詞后綴)→consultant 經(jīng)典例句　The spy’s cover was that she was a consultant engineer. 那女間諜偽裝成顧問工程師。 Of all the consultants, only Mr. Wang gave us some proposals in point. 所有的顧問當(dāng)中, 只有王先生提了一些中肯的建議。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　consult v. 參考；查閱；咨詢; （常與with連用）商量；請(qǐng)教。如: I have consulted a number of law books in the British Museums. 我查閱了大英博物館里許多法律書籍。 I consulted with a friend on a matter. 我和朋友商量一件事。 If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 若要主意好，老人須請(qǐng)教。 經(jīng)典例句　She is vain and foolish, and yet people like her. 她自負(fù)而愚蠢，然而人們喜歡她。 She’s very vain about her good looks. 她為她那好的容貌而自負(fù)。 We tried in vain to make him change his mind. 我們想使他改變主意，結(jié)果是白費(fèi)心機(jī)。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　vain相關(guān)詞組: as vain as a peacock 像孔雀般地炫耀自己 for vain 徒勞地; 徒然 in vain徒勞, 無益地; 輕慢地; 隨便地 活學(xué)巧用　2. 單項(xiàng)填空 The thief tried to open the locked door but __________. A. in no way B. in vain C. without effect D. at a loss 答案：B　 經(jīng)典例句　She works so fast that I can’t keep pace with her. 她工作得很快，我跟不上她的速度。 The work progressed at a slow pace. 這工作進(jìn)展緩慢。 The test pilots put the new planes through their paces. 試驗(yàn)飛行員表演新型飛機(jī)的性能。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)pace v. 踱步, 緩慢地走; 引導(dǎo)。如: She paced out the length of the room. 她用步子測量了房間的長度。 He paced up and down (the platform), waiting for the train. 他（在月臺(tái)上）踱來踱去等候火車。 2)at a good pace相當(dāng)快地 keep pace with sb. /sth. 與某人/物齊步前進(jìn), 跟上某人/物 make the pace 為別人定速度; 樹榜樣 try sb. ’s paces試某人本領(lǐng) pace off用步子量出(一段距離) pace out用步子量出(總長度) pace up and down走來走去(尤指由于煩躁、焦慮等) 活學(xué)巧用　3. 單項(xiàng)填空 Would you slow down a bit, please? I can’t __________ you. A. keep pace with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to 答案：A　 經(jīng)典例句　 He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy. 他愛吵鬧, 但在其他方面卻是個(gè)好孩子。 He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten. 他提醒了我, 要不然我就會(huì)把這件事給忘了。 You’d better give me my book, otherwise I’ll fail my test. 你最好把我的書給我，否則我的測驗(yàn)將要不及格了。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　otherwise相關(guān)詞組: act otherwise than one says言行不一 and otherwise等等, 及其他 but otherwise 然而在別的方面卻 or otherwise 或相反 unless otherwise mentioned/stated除非另有說明 otherwise from 不同于 otherwise than 與……不同的; 除……之外 活學(xué)巧用　4. 單項(xiàng)填空 We didn’t know his telephone number, __________ we would have telephoned him. A. otherwise B. and C. but D. so 答案：A　 經(jīng)典例句　He devoted all his time to his job. 他把他的全部時(shí)間都用在工作上了。 Everybody knows that our director is very devoted to his wife. 人人都知道我們的廠長對(duì)妻子十分忠誠。 He devoted a great sum of money to books. 他花了一大筆錢買書。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)[派] devotion n. 獻(xiàn)身；專心；奉獻(xiàn)；信仰。如: The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying. 把過多的時(shí)間用于體育運(yùn)動(dòng)就使用于學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間太少了。 2)相關(guān)詞組: devote to把……獻(xiàn)給; 把……專用于 devote oneself to致力于, 獻(xiàn)身于; 專心于 活學(xué)巧用　5. 單項(xiàng)填空 Although the working mother is very busy, she still __________ a lot of time to children. A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides 答案：A　 經(jīng)典例句　They swapped stories about their army days. 他們互相講述了他們?cè)谲婈?duì)中的經(jīng)歷。 Your book looks more interesting than mine. Do you want to swap with me? 你的書好像比我的有意思, 你愿意和我交換嗎? She swapped our chairs round, so I had hers and she had mine. 她把我們倆的椅子對(duì)調(diào)了, 因此我坐的是她的, 她坐的是我的. 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)swap過去式為:swapped; 過去分詞為:swapped; 現(xiàn)在分詞:swapping。 2)常用詞組: swap...for 以……換 如: I’ll swap my Michael Jackson tape for your Bruce Springsteen album. 我想用邁克爾·杰克遜的錄音帶交換你的布魯斯·斯普林斯廷唱片集。 經(jīng)典例句　You must quit smoking. Most important of all, you should start taking exercise. 你必須戒煙，更重要的是，你該開始運(yùn)動(dòng)。 He got his present job when he quitted the army. 他退伍后得到現(xiàn)在這份工作。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　1)動(dòng)詞過去式:quit/quitted; 過去分詞:quit/quitted; 現(xiàn)在分詞:quitting; 第三人稱單數(shù):quits。 2)辨析:quit, abandon, desert 都含有“放棄”“遺棄”的意思。 quit 強(qiáng)調(diào)“突然地棄去”, 常指“停止”, 如: She quitted her job. 她放棄了自己的工作。 abandon 強(qiáng)調(diào)“完全、永遠(yuǎn)地遺棄”, 尤其是指遺棄以前感興趣或負(fù)有責(zé)任的人或物, 如: She abandoned her child. 她遺棄了她的孩子。 desert 強(qiáng)調(diào)“違背誓言、命令、責(zé)任、義務(wù)等”, 如: The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy. 那個(gè)士兵叛國助敵。 3)常用詞組: quit one’s home town 離開家鄉(xiāng) quit hold of 撒手放開 quit love with hate 以怨報(bào)德, 恩將仇報(bào) be quit of 擺脫, 脫離, 免除 經(jīng)典例句　The holiday was a refreshing change for us. 這次假日別開生面，我們都感到新奇。 I had a refreshing drink. 我喝了一杯清爽的飲料。 There is nothing as refreshing as lemon tea. 什么都不如檸檬茶那樣提神。 考點(diǎn)聚焦　refresh 用法: v. 消除疲勞； (使) 精神振作, (使) 精力恢復(fù); 更新。如: A cool drink refreshed me after my long walk. 走了很長的一段路之后，一杯冷飲使我恢復(fù)了精神。 I refreshed myself with a cup of coffee. 我喝了一杯咖啡給自己提提神。 I looked at the map to refresh my memory of the road. 我看著地圖，想使自己回憶起那條道路。 111