Module 3《Adventure in literature and the cinema》文字素材1（外研版必修5）

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111 外研版 第五冊(cè) 第三模塊 1. Suddenly, by the light of the lightening, we saw something in the middle of the river. 突然間，借助閃電的光亮，我們看到河中間有東西。 句子中的by意思是“借助”。 Something we go on working after dark by the lights of tractors. by 還有其他一些意思和用法 1） close to; next to (接近，靠近)　the window by the door. 2） with the use or help of; through(借助于；通過(guò)) We came by the back road. 3) up to and beyond; past (超過(guò)和在前面，超出)。Ｗe drove by the house. 4) in the period of; during (在……期間；在……中間) sleeping by day, travel by night 晝伏夜行 5) not later than （不遲于） by 5:30 p.m. 不遲于下午５：３０ 6) in the amount of (以……計(jì)的) letters by the thousands 數(shù)以千極的信件。 7) to the extent of (達(dá)到……程度) shorter by two inches. 短了兩英寸 8）　according to (按照，根據(jù)) play by the rules 9) with respect to (相關(guān)，就……來(lái)說(shuō)) siblings by blood 嫡系親屬 10) in the name of(以……的名義) swear by the Bible to tell the truth 對(duì)圣經(jīng)發(fā)誓說(shuō)真話(huà)。 11) through the agency or action of (通過(guò)中介或動(dòng)作) be killed by a ruler. 12) used to indicate a succession of specified individuals, groups, or quantities(一個(gè)一個(gè)地，用于表示一系列的特定個(gè)體，組或數(shù)量) They were persuaded little by little and left one by one. 他們漸漸被說(shuō)服了，一個(gè)接一個(gè)地離開(kāi)。 13）used in multiplication and division (乘，用于乘除法計(jì)算) multiply 4 by 6 to get 24. 14) used with measurements (用于度量)　 a room 12 by 18 feet １２英尺寬，１８英尺長(zhǎng)的房間 2. “ I don’t want to board a sinking ship.” 我不想上一條要沉的船。 board “登上”(船，車(chē)，飛機(jī)等) Ｈe boarded the bus. board 作動(dòng)詞用常見(jiàn)的還有以下幾條意思： １） to cover or close with boards (封，蓋，用木板覆蓋或封閉) board up a broken window. 用木板封住已壞的窗戶(hù) ２） to provide … with meals and accommodation (為……共膳) Ｓhe usually boards students during the term. 3) to take meal in one’s house (在某人家里寄膳) Ｈe boarded at my house until he found a house. board n. 1) a long , flat slab of sawed lumber; a plank or a flat piece of wood or similarly rigif material adapted for a special use. 板材木材或其他材料制成的板，做特殊的用途 a diving board 跳板跳水用板 ２）　food or meals considered as a whole 伙食，膳食 board and lodging 膳宿 ３） an organized body of administrator or investigators. 管理委員會(huì)；管理或調(diào)查的組織機(jī)構(gòu) a board of trustees a board of directors 理事會(huì)；董事會(huì) 3. “ He sounds as if he is going to die of fright.” “聽(tīng)上去他好象要被下死了。” die of fright 嚇?biāo)?die of hunger 因病而死 die of hunger 餓死 die of “因。。。。。而死” 原因多來(lái)自?xún)?nèi)部，情感，凍餓， 生病等，后常加這樣的名詞：die of cold /poison/illness/old age/ a disease/boredom/thirst/sorrow/disappointed love/a fever/heat… 死于寒冷、中毒、病、年老、疾病、無(wú)聊?？?、憂(yōu)傷、失戀、熱… die from “因。。。。而死” 原因多來(lái)自外部，后跟die from a wound(lack of food, an accident , over work, carelessness, drinking some unknown cause …)死于受傷（缺乏食物， 事故，工作過(guò)量，粗心，飲酒過(guò)量。不明原因。。。） die 的其他搭配 １） die away 逐漸消失；逐漸停止 The noise of the motorcar died away. 摩托車(chē)的噪聲消失了。 ２） die back (植物)枝葉枯萎 ３） die down 逐漸減弱；逐漸模糊 After the excitement of the audience died down, the speaker started his speech . 等群眾激動(dòng)的情緒平息之后，演講人又重新開(kāi)始講演。 ４） die hard （舊習(xí)慣等）難改掉，難消失 Old habits died hard. 舊習(xí)難改。 ５） die off 相繼死去 As the window was still middle-aged, her relatives all died off. 這個(gè)寡婦還在中年的時(shí)候， 她的親屬就都離開(kāi)了人世。 ６） die out 逐漸消失， 滅絕。 4． It looked like a house at first, but then we realized it was a steamboat. 開(kāi)始的時(shí)候它看上去像一座房子，但后來(lái)我們意識(shí)到是一只汽船。 1）注意系動(dòng)詞的用法， 系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義， 但不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)， 必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：be, look, seem, feel, keep, smell, sound, taste 等。例如： He does not look his age. 他看上去不象有這個(gè)年紀(jì)的人。 He seems to be quite happy. 他似乎十分快樂(lè)。 系動(dòng)詞除了可跟形容詞以外， 還可接like, as if 等短語(yǔ)或句型。例如： That looks like an interesting film. 那看來(lái)是部有趣的電影。 “At that time, it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word anyhow. “當(dāng)時(shí)，我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?lái)?！? I feel as if it were going to snow. 我覺(jué)得好象要下雪了。 2）go under 除了作“沉沒(méi)，淹沒(méi)”外，還可作“失敗，破產(chǎn)，被毀滅”。如： The firm has gone under. 這家商號(hào)破產(chǎn)了。 Ｔhe firm will go under unless business improves. 生意若無(wú)起色，　公司非跨不可。 ５. So we paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat, keeping as quiet as mice. 于是我們把木筏劃了過(guò)去，躡手躡腳地，像耗子一樣無(wú)聲地爬上了汽艇。 ６．To our astonishment, there was a light in one of the cabins. 　使我們大吃一驚的是，有間船艙里還亮著一盞燈。 To our astonishment/joy/surprise/disappointment … 是某人大吃一驚的、高興、驚訝、失望的是。。。。。。 To our joy. our basketball team won the match. 使我們高興的是，我們的籃球隊(duì)獲得了比賽的勝利。 To their disappointment, the result was contrary to their expectation . 結(jié)果, 與預(yù)料的恰好相反， 這使他們感到失望。 7. It was quite dark, but I could see a man lying on the floor, tied up with rope. 四周都很黑，但我能看見(jiàn)一個(gè)人躺在地板上，被繩子捆著。 句中的lying on the floor 為現(xiàn)在分詞，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，tied up with rope為過(guò)去分詞，作定語(yǔ)。-ing形式與-ed形式是本模塊的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí), 常用在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, get, have等動(dòng)詞所帶的賓語(yǔ)之后， 與作賓語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系。如： I found him telling a lie. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他在撒謊。 He kept the girl waiting for a long time. 他讓女孩等了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. =Most of the people who had been invited to the party were famous scientists. The house , built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. =The house, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. 2) tie up “綁好，縛牢。 包扎，停泊” We tied the boat up alongside the quay. 我們把船停泊在碼頭處。 The thieves left the guard tied up and everything in the house. 盜賊把門(mén)衛(wèi)捆住，偷走了房子里所有東西。 8. “ I’ve had enough of you. I’m going to shoot you now.”“我受夠你了。 我現(xiàn)在就要槍斃了你?！? 1) have enough of “(對(duì)某人或某事)感到厭煩” I’ve had enough of her continual chatter. 我已厭煩了她喋喋不休的閑談。 I’m surprised you haven’t had enough of him. 你對(duì)他還沒(méi)有受夠，我很驚訝。 2) shoot 指用槍?zhuān)?炮， 弩，箭，等朝。。。。。。瞄準(zhǔn) The hunter shot at the fox but missed it. 獵手朝狐貍開(kāi)了槍但沒(méi)有打中它。 9.But I persuaded him to help me. And we found the men’s boat tied to the other side of the steamboat 但我說(shuō)服了他幫助我，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些人的小船栓在汽艇的另一邊。 表示“說(shuō)服某人作某事”可說(shuō)persuade sb to do sth persuade sb that …. persuade sb of sth persuade sb into doing sth 如： We persuaded Harry that he was wrong. 我們使亨利相信是他錯(cuò)了。 I am almost persuaded of his honesty. 我?guī)缀跸嘈潘钦\(chéng)實(shí)的。 How can we persuade him into joining us? 怎么才能說(shuō)服他參加我們的活動(dòng)呢？ 如果表示“勸某人做某事”可用以下方式表達(dá)： advised sb to do sth; try to persuade sb to to do sth 如： She advised me to wear my best clothes. 她勸我穿上 最好的衣服。 I tried to persuade him to go with me, but he didn’t listen. 我試圖說(shuō)服他跟我一塊去，但他不聽(tīng)。 111