672 多功能自動(dòng)跑步機(jī)(機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì))

672 多功能自動(dòng)跑步機(jī)(機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì)),多功能,自動(dòng),跑步,機(jī)械,部分,部份,設(shè)計(jì) - 1 -英文資料The electronic race apparatus trade calls China's famous brandThe domestic electricity wins the race in the familyBefore 1996, electronic race apparatuses were all foreign products, the ones that entered the family were mostly mechanical race apparatuses that factories reformed system of by the bicycle factory made, compatriots inspire awe even from distance to the imported electronic race apparatus of the price of several ten thousand and even more than ten ten thousand yuanAfter 1993, with the adjustment of the international industrial structure, S.Korean enterprises shifted to our country, it is the happy and auspicious group company of Shandong that utilizes the electrical machinery of this area, controls the advantage that the power produces at first, set up the special factory in 1994, through the working ability of the substantiating machine, combined domestic and international information, the happy and auspicious group all produced the electronic race apparatus of family expenses in order to make the part by oneself in 1995, and exhibit at the rich meeting of body of Nanchang of next year. Praised as gathering together the auspicious electronic race apparatus of the brand of the first nationality, the output reached 7,000 in that year, the sales volume reaches 5,000, has held the beginning of producing the domestic electronic race apparatus. Up to the production capacity of producing 100,000 per year by 2004 through the technological transformation not stopping , sell race apparatus 4 in the same year. 80,000, output value is 93,600,000 yuan, income from sales is 72 million yuan, finished ISO9001 and European Union CE authentication at the same time , and is chosen as leading brand products in Shandong.Gather together the auspicious electronic race apparatus in order to expand the production scale , the resources of production of rational utilization, successively for some domestic enterprise's sticking brand production , improved the domestic occupation rate of the electronic race apparatus greatly, have offer for numerous enterprises and develop samples too, has driven the flourishing development of the whole trade.The electricity runs: Fashionable body-building products of the fairly comfortable lifeAt present, enterprises which produce the electronic race apparatus centre in the coastal area of the Changjiang Delta , Shandong Peninsula , Guangdong , Fujian, the total amount - 2 -is about more than 50, it is about 15 that possess scale among them, and the joint-venture , proprietorship account for 50%.The electronic race apparatus is the integrated products of electromechanics, adopt assembler language programming, control with the computer, it is the development trade that the country encourages . The development of this product has driven making, plastic products , electronics industry of steel tube , electrical machinery industry ,etc. series develop , make people health is it limit by place , environment , climate to do exercises, contain physical training in recreation amusement, improve the national physique in an all-round way. In this production course, there are not pollutant and harmful substance that are produced , purchase the steel , plastic fittings outside, the electronic devices and components are assembled, is the green manufacture industryThe Central Party Committee which regards Hu Jintao as the General Secretary advocates building harmonious and orderly development environment in a more cost-effective manner, the development of the electronic race apparatus sticks to this theme closely, is playing an important role in driving the trade structural adjustment. Raise through the national income entering the well-off society, the electronic race apparatus begins to enter the family too in recent years, it for example can't gather together the auspicious brand race apparatus not electronic in in, sales volumes of small city chase there aren't annual increment, a lot of urban and rural residents growing rich choose this superior way of building up body one after another , the race apparatus designed in large quantities of humanization is coming out, improve through electronic technology , the technology of the computer , transformation of making the equipment frock , its development space is very big, is a kind of products with sustainable development prospectThree major key elements of promoting national economy to increase healthily are consumption , investment , net export. The development of and the electronic race apparatus, occupy very great proportion among them. One that is with domestic Engel coefficient constant to reduce, by clothing,food,lodging and transportion to raise life quality develop people, the electronic race apparatus will be the optimum seeking apparatus of compatriot's fitness , because by the look of experience of foreign countries, go on balance temper and become the fashion at electronic race apparatus. Classifying looking from national economy, it belongs to the tertiary industry that sports is consumed, it exceeds 10% in succession to accelerate in recent years, and the speed is accelerated year by year. The share of spuring grwoth of the national economic of consumption of sports and keeping fit will inevitablely continue increasing . This kind of fitness is consumed and - 3 -contained relatively widely, have both consumption of resident and public consumption (such as health club ), its consumption acceleration rate exceeds 20%, among them, the electronic race apparatus exceeds 40%, have stronger growth momentum.Intellectual property right and trade frictionThe intellectual property right becomes " soft rib " of the sports goods industry of our country, it is the production that because we are correlated with to market economy and with the sports products, it invent, trade,,etc. the knowledge one possession, belong to, know little about game the rules and laws and regulations and the information not relevant not transfer. One sports apparatus or equipment know which country invent , others had already registered unexpectedly, under the situation which contents are registered, but we have produced and sold for many years. Not merely the style , structure are the same for some products, even appearance , color are very close , the more sad one is, because to to ignore above-mentioned situation, we hold oneself is it reach product this birthplace go for exhibiting , sale to produce also, we say , an invention technology or the patented product must go through long and difficult exploration and study , It has condensed the intelligence and energies of the scientific research personnel of sports, the original inventor has paid hardships of going beyond the normal condition for this, ought to receive the protection of the respect and law of the society . One of market obtain products that patent sanction is it copy to copy producer of us already in our country, there is not innovation , this not merely serious others' patent for invention of infringement at all, Make the " bringing the doctrine " and entering into the mistaken idea in vogue for a time of sports goods industry of our country too. Do it in this way, in comparatively close planned economic system, may little someone find or investigate , but today, the gateway of a country is opened further, we must pay a price for this . In 2001, our family participated in U.S.A.'s super exhibition, the sample was just a exhibition, have been detained all products, carry on negotiations several times and make a self-criticism in writing on the grounds of infringing by others, have paid the expensive fine finally; This year, at the rich meeting of German body, the exhibit of another enterprise of ours is asserted and infringed, the other side must speak to and does not forgive people , our enterprises admit a fault , ready to pay the penalty and does not miss , and humiliate this enterprise by every means in public , pass the diplomatic channel finally, the embassy negotiates, has dealt with this . Happen when this kind of case is on our country's market , on the body of our enterprise, the normal order that has not merely - 4 -disrupted the market, has infringed the interests of rights and interests people, have reduce the international reputation of " made in China ", has damaged the public image of reform and opening-up of our country too.After our country enters the WTO , the self-satisfied Chinese brand is trying hard to seize the opportunity, while going abroad, the western developed country has made the strategic defence in time with this, set up to of our country sports goods including technology , standard , getting green environmental protection , move plant protection , anti-dumping , intellectual property right , community responsibility dishes of dishes of barrier, close down , stop the entry of the like product with the extremely unkind clause . Meanwhile, they also used three " unique skills ", first, strengthened the registered dynamics to the patented technology of the products. In 2002, accounted for 5 at home in our country authorized the patent for invention. 2%, and accounts for 76 abroad. 1%; Accounts for 3 at home in the post with high technical advantage is invented. 6%, and accounts for 96 abroad. 2%.Second, the one that strengthened to the market of our country was monitored . In order to safeguard its one's own image and interests, attack the rival, the external brand is sent full-time or hire personnel, but the great majority are still the commercial networks utilizing the whole country to open, carry on omni-directional monitoring to the market of our country. They carry on the investigation to classification of the goods , selling structure , product cost and consumer demand in the name of surveying and studying the market. A main one to investigate tort of all kinds of of the like product, including product design , appearance , inside structure , enterprise identification and various kinds of datum ,etc., then assemble the picture , material object and written historical materials in the policy-making level of the company in time. On the market not normal of our country at present, all kinds of imitate , infringe the phenomenon and exist seriously, they once opportunity ripe, can hit out severely, never soft, as to this we must highly watch out for .Third, strengthen and is protected and put to the customs on record and applied working. The external brand tries hard to solve from flowing into outside the border and from exporting to the fake and forged products of the overseas market within the border through this kind of way , have domestic and international 1300 more than share is it is it involve thousands of of brand to apply to put on record 2003, through to protect jointly the whole country all pass, have notable effect.Because of the absolute predominance in price of sports goods of our country , make international trade rub constantly, embody in the anti-dumping mainly. Taking sports - 5 -shoes as an example, our country is the manufacture big country of sports shoes in the world, because the domestic market is limited in capacity, the majority depended on exporting, 2003, exported about 3,200 million pairs. Nike shoes the whole world sell 60% China production, beautiful Tianjin strong shoes the whole world sell 90% make for China, world shoes-making big country Spain have 14 sports shoes factory, sports shoes that China makes import more than 70 million pairs every year, price of each pair of ordinary sports shoes is more than 20 euro on this country's market. And the sports shoes price of 3-2 euro of equal quality which China make.In OEM business, our country processes about about 3 dollars for a pair of better sports shoes profit, processing one racket 1-2 U.S. dollar, make one have 70 more than air gun profit that part make up in 10 dollars about, processing is about in 7-8 dollars a top-grade sportswear. But once products that China make these stick identification , world of famous brand, know personal value ten to dozens of times. China span and weave the big country in the world at the same time , after protection period, clothing quota cancels the global fabrics, the sportswears of our country will gain larger development space on the international market. A large amount of good and inexpensive " made in China " enters the international market, has brought the generous profit to businessmen of various countries, great too amazing and national consumer market, The ones that caused the importer are panic and uneasy at the same time, they regard " made in China " as dreadful monsters, is it seize market of them to think, then claim case , case of encroachment of right , anti-dumping probe , cook shoes incident ,etc. to is it discriminate against restriction incident of color happen again and again seriously to have, it is estimated after protection period, this kind of incident will still continue happenning.No famous brand , no competitivenessThe precedence accounted for in national economy of sports industry of the developed country ranks more than ten location , main trade and main power of grwoth of the national economic, because our country trade this does not unify and not centralized lacking regulation and control that putting in place and counting systemming, so, guide and encourage the momentum of this industry development to lag behind correspondingly . But with the deepening development and drive of the Olympic Games economy of the national fitness campaign, regard famous-brand strategy implementation as opportunity, combine industrial structure constantly, the trade will demonstrate important status of national economy their more and more.The manufacturing industry of the foreign electronic race apparatus started since last - 6 -century later stage of the seventies, compared with like product in our country, except that have and relatively take the lead in style diversification and surtax functional development, other disparity are relatively small. Such as steel, the belted steel that my national treasure steel , Anshan Iron and Steel Plant ,etc. produce reaches or exceeds the international standard , related steel tube its is it reach foreign standard too to make, electrical machinery wait for electricity run fittings is it digest and assimilate to adopt, we develop in the international advanced ranks from material to new style. So, the electronic race apparatus is different from the plane , automobile trade , nearly have little disparity with advanced level in foreign countries. Therefore, the internationally famous electricity runs in the manufacturing enterprise and pays close attention to day by day, has already begun to let enterprises of our country produce sticking to brand products for it.Though growth momentum fine, domestic electricity run circumstances at domestic and international markets or have difference. Main reason not strong of the competitiveness in the international market of the domestic electronic race apparatus, lack the effect of leading brand products. And compared with overseas enterprise start than such reasons as the impact to the market for late , some fake and forged production of small enterprise ,etc., have weakened the market competitiveness of the domestic electronic race apparatus tooAt present,love brand not internationally famous health , strength strong in, must true, space, having a match there aren't one hundred, some furnish a huge amount of money for making the investment and founding the factory, and exert pressure to domestic enterprises with higher brand awareness, under this situation , promote the emergence of leading brand products of electronic race apparatus as soon as possible, can yet be regarded as the government and promote one of the national industry of the electronic race apparatus effectively, promote national brand and domestic product raise a heavy shortcut , international market of competitiveness too. In a situation that the international market competition of the electronic race apparatus is fierce , domestic product will you please win , could move forward in close relations effectively in time with famous brand strategy.The strong promotion of the Whole-Peop1e Health-Building Plan, the pulling of sports consumption of the Olympic Games economy, drive the tremendous development of the sports industry effectively, have far-reaching meanings in promoting the public cognition degree of the Chinese sports goods, to the development of the sports goods industry including electronic race apparatus, to the whole promotion promoting the sports goods industry trade, construct scale merit, enter the global markets , will all offer a large stage, - 7 -sports and keeping fit undertaking and the Olympic Games economy are all calling China's famous brand , the electronic race apparatus is calling China's famous brand .電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)行業(yè)呼喚中國名牌國產(chǎn)電跑第一家1996 年之前,電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)都是國外產(chǎn)品，進(jìn)入家庭的大都是由自行車廠改制的- 8 -生產(chǎn)廠制造的機(jī)械跑步機(jī),國人對(duì)價(jià)格幾萬乃至十幾萬元的進(jìn)口電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)望而生畏。1993 年以后，隨著國際產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整，韓國企業(yè)向我國轉(zhuǎn)移，首先是山東祥和集團(tuán)公司利用該地區(qū)電機(jī)、控制電源生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)勢，于 1994 年組建了專廠，通過充實(shí)機(jī)加工能力，結(jié)合國內(nèi)外信息，祥和集團(tuán)于 1995 年生產(chǎn)出了全部為自制部件的家用電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)，并于次年的南昌體博會(huì)上參展。被譽(yù)為第一個(gè)民族品牌的匯祥電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)，當(dāng)年產(chǎn)量達(dá)到七千臺(tái)，銷量達(dá)到五千臺(tái)，開了生產(chǎn)國產(chǎn)電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)的先河。通過不停的技術(shù)改造，到 2004 年達(dá)到了年產(chǎn)十萬臺(tái)的生產(chǎn)能力，同年銷售跑步機(jī) 4.8萬臺(tái)，產(chǎn)值 9360 萬元，銷售收入 7200 萬元，同時(shí)完成了 ISO9001 及歐盟 CE 認(rèn)證，并被評(píng)為山東名牌產(chǎn)品。匯祥電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)為擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，合理利用生產(chǎn)資源，先后為一些國產(chǎn)企業(yè)貼牌生產(chǎn)，極大地提高了電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)的國產(chǎn)占有率，也為眾多企業(yè)提供了發(fā)展樣品，帶動(dòng)了整個(gè)行業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展。電跑:小康生活的時(shí)尚健身產(chǎn)品目前，生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)的企業(yè)集中在長江三角洲、山東半島及粵、閩沿海地區(qū)，總數(shù)約為 50 余家，其中具備規(guī)模的約為 15 家，而合資、獨(dú)資企業(yè)約占 50%。電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)系機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，采用匯編語言編程，用計(jì)算機(jī)控制，系國家鼓勵(lì)的發(fā)展行業(yè)。該產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展帶動(dòng)了鋼管制造、塑料制品、電子工業(yè)，電機(jī)工業(yè)等系列發(fā)展，使人們身體鍛煉不受場地、環(huán)境、氣候的制約，寓體育鍛煉于休閑娛樂之中，全面提高國民身體素質(zhì)。該產(chǎn)品制作過程中，無污染物及有害物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生，外采購鋼鐵、塑料配件，電子元器件組裝，是綠色制造產(chǎn)業(yè)。以胡錦濤為總書記的黨中央大力倡導(dǎo)建設(shè)和諧有序的發(fā)展環(huán)境，電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)的發(fā)展就緊貼這一主題，為帶動(dòng)行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整發(fā)揮著重要作用。通過進(jìn)入小康社會(huì)的國民收入提高，電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)近年來也開始進(jìn)入家庭，例如匯祥牌電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)在中、小城市的銷售量逐年增量超過 50%，許多富裕起來的城鄉(xiāng)居民紛紛選擇這一優(yōu)越的健身方式，一大批人性化設(shè)計(jì)的跑步機(jī)正在問世，通過電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、制造設(shè)備工裝的改造革新，其發(fā)展空間很大，是一種有可持續(xù)發(fā)展前途的產(chǎn)品。促進(jìn)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)健康增長的三大要素為消費(fèi)、投資、凈出口。而電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)的發(fā)展，在其中占有很大比重。隨著國內(nèi)恩格爾系數(shù)的不斷降低，人們由衣食住行向提高生活質(zhì)量發(fā)展，電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)將是國人健身的優(yōu)選器材，因?yàn)?，從國外的?jīng)驗(yàn)看，在電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)上進(jìn)行平衡鍛煉已經(jīng)成為時(shí)尚。從國民經(jīng)濟(jì)分類看，體育消費(fèi)屬第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，近年增速連續(xù)超過 10%，而且速度逐年加快。體育健身的消費(fèi)拉動(dòng)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的份額必然會(huì)繼續(xù)增加。這種健身消費(fèi)涵蓋較廣，既有居民消費(fèi)又有公共消費(fèi)（如健身俱樂部等） ，它的消費(fèi)增速超過 20%，其中，電動(dòng)跑步機(jī)超過 40%，具有較- 9 -強(qiáng)的發(fā)展勢頭。 、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)與貿(mào)易摩擦知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)之所以成為我國體育用品業(yè)的“軟肋” ，是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)以及與體育產(chǎn)品相關(guān)的生產(chǎn)、發(fā)明、貿(mào)易、等知識(shí)的擁有、歸屬、轉(zhuǎn)讓的游戲規(guī)則以及相關(guān)法律、法規(guī)和信息知之甚少。一件體育器材或設(shè)備竟在不知道是哪國發(fā)明的，人家是否已經(jīng)注冊(cè)，注冊(cè)了哪些內(nèi)容的情況下，我們卻生產(chǎn)和賣了多年。有的產(chǎn)品不僅款式、結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，連外觀、顏色都十分相近，更可悲的是，由于對(duì)上述情況的漠視，我們還拿著自己生產(chǎn)的（實(shí)際上是仿造人家的專利產(chǎn)品）到該產(chǎn)品的誕生地去參展、銷售，我們說，一件發(fā)明技術(shù)或?qū)＠a(chǎn)品都必須經(jīng)歷漫長而艱難的探索和研究，它凝聚了體育科研人員的智慧和心血，原發(fā)明者為此付出了超常的艱辛，理應(yīng)受到社會(huì)的尊重和法律的保護(hù)。在我國市場一件已經(jīng)獲專利批準(zhǔn)的產(chǎn)品被我們的廠家抄來抄去，毫無創(chuàng)新，這不僅嚴(yán)重的侵犯了人家的發(fā)明專利，也使我國體育用品業(yè)一度盛行的“拿來主義”走入了誤區(qū)。這樣做，在較為封閉的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下，可能少有人發(fā)現(xiàn)或追究，但在國門進(jìn)一步打開的今天，我們必須為此而付出代價(jià)。2001 年，我們一家參加美國超級(jí)展，樣品剛一展出，就被人家以侵權(quán)為由，扣留了全部的產(chǎn)品，幾經(jīng)交涉和書面檢討，最終交了昂貴的罰款；今年，在德國體博會(huì)上，我們的另一家企業(yè)的展品又被認(rèn)定侵權(quán)，對(duì)方得理不饒人，我們的企業(yè)認(rèn)錯(cuò)、認(rèn)罰都不放過，并當(dāng)眾對(duì)該企業(yè)百般羞辱，最后還是通過外交途徑，使館出面交涉，處理了此事。此類案件在我國市場、在我們企業(yè)的身上時(shí)有發(fā)生，不僅擾亂了市場的正常秩序，侵犯了權(quán)益人的利益，降低了 “中國制造”的國際聲譽(yù)，也損害了我國改革開放的公眾形象。我國入世后，躊躇滿志的中國品牌正力圖抓住機(jī)遇，走出國門之際，西方發(fā)達(dá)國家對(duì)此及時(shí)做出了戰(zhàn)略性防御，對(duì)我國體育用品設(shè)置了包括技術(shù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、綠色環(huán)保、動(dòng)植物保護(hù)、反傾銷、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)以及社會(huì)責(zé)任等道道壁壘，用極其刻薄的條款封殺、阻擋同類產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)入。與此同時(shí)，他們還使出了三道“殺手锏” ，一是加大了對(duì)產(chǎn)品專利技術(shù)的注冊(cè)力度。2002 年，在我國授權(quán)發(fā)明專利中，國內(nèi)占 5.2％，而國外占 76.1％；在技術(shù)含量較高的職務(wù)發(fā)明中，國內(nèi)占 3.6％，而國外占 96.2％。二是加強(qiáng)對(duì)我國市場的監(jiān)視。為維護(hù)其自身的形象和利益，打擊競爭對(duì)手，境外品牌派專職或雇傭人員，但大多數(shù)還是利用全國開設(shè)的銷售網(wǎng)點(diǎn)，對(duì)我國市場進(jìn)行全方位的監(jiān)視。他們以調(diào)研市場為名，對(duì)商品類別、銷售結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品價(jià)格以及消費(fèi)者需求進(jìn)行調(diào)查。最主要的是調(diào)查同類產(chǎn)品中各類的侵權(quán)行為，包括產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、外觀、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)、企業(yè)標(biāo)識(shí)及各種數(shù)據(jù)等，然后將圖片、實(shí)物及文字資料及時(shí)匯聚于公司決策層。目前在我國不盡規(guī)范的市場上，各類假冒、侵權(quán)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重存在，他們一旦時(shí)機(jī)成熟，便會(huì)重拳出擊，決不手軟，對(duì)此我們必須高度警惕。三是加大對(duì)海關(guān)保護(hù)備案申請(qǐng)工作。境外品牌力圖通過這種途徑來解決從境外- 10 -流入和從境內(nèi)出口到國外市場的假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品，2003 年有國內(nèi)外 1300 多份備案申請(qǐng)涉及品牌數(shù)千種，通過了全國所有關(guān)口的聯(lián)手保護(hù)，成效顯著。由于我國體育用品在價(jià)格上的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢，使國際貿(mào)易中摩擦不斷，主要體現(xiàn)在反傾銷。以運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋為例，我國是世界上運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋制造大國，由于國內(nèi)市場容量有限，絕大部分靠出口，2003 年，出口約 32 億雙。耐克鞋全球銷售 60%為中國生產(chǎn)，美津濃鞋全球銷售 90％為中國制造，世界制鞋大國西班牙有 14 個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋廠，中國制造的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋每年進(jìn)口 7000 多萬雙，該國市場上每雙普通運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋價(jià)格在 20 多歐元。而中國制造的同等質(zhì)量的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋售價(jià) 3～2 歐元。在 OEM 業(yè)務(wù)中，我國加工一雙較好的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋利潤約在 3 美元左右，加工一支羽毛球拍 1～2 美元，制造一支有 70 多個(gè)零件組成的氣槍利潤在 10 美元左右，加工一套高檔的運(yùn)動(dòng)服在 7～8 美元左右。然而這些中國制造的產(chǎn)品一旦貼上世界名牌的標(biāo)識(shí)，就會(huì)身價(jià)十至幾十倍。中國同時(shí)還是世界上紡織大國，保護(hù)期結(jié)束后，全球紡織品服裝配額取消，我國的運(yùn)動(dòng)服裝將在國際市場贏得更大的發(fā)展空間。大量的物美價(jià)廉的“中國制造”進(jìn)入國際市場，給各國商人帶來了豐厚的利潤，也極大的刺激了本國的消費(fèi)市場，同時(shí)也引起了進(jìn)口國的恐慌和不安，他們視“中國制造”為洪水猛獸，認(rèn)為搶占了他們的市場，于是索賠案、侵權(quán)案、反傾銷調(diào)查、