高中英語(yǔ)人教版必修5課件【福建專用】Unit 3《Life in the future》SectionⅣ

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Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing,讀下面課文中出現(xiàn)的句子，判斷劃線部分在句中分別作什么成分。 1．(P17)_________________________，I was unsettled for the first few days.,Worried about the journey,2．(P18)______________________________，his parents’ company，called“Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule. 3．(P22)__________________________________, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity.,Well-known for their expertise,Described as an enormous round plate,過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，過(guò)去分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間一般是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)可以拓展成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。,一、過(guò)去分詞或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) 1．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。也可在過(guò)去分詞前加上連詞“when，while，until”等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確。,Seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.＝When it is seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.從山頂看,城市顯得更漂亮。 Don’t speak until asked to.＝Don’t speak until you are asked to.當(dāng)被要求發(fā)言時(shí)，你才能講話。,2．原因狀語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good. ＝Because it was written in a hurry，this article was not so good.因?yàn)閷?xiě)得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。,3．條件狀語(yǔ) 可用在連詞if，unless之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Given more time，we could do it much better. ＝If we were given more time，we could do it much better.多給我們點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。,4．讓步狀語(yǔ) 有時(shí)可用在although，though，even if，even though，whether.or等連詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 Though warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields. ＝Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.雖然農(nóng)民們已被警告將有風(fēng)暴，但他們?nèi)匀辉诘乩锔苫睢?5．方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ) 此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 The teacher entered the classroom，followed by a group of his students. ＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students. 老師走進(jìn)教室，后面跟著一群他的學(xué)生。,二、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)用法點(diǎn)津 (1)作狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者,即過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.(I和give之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能解出這道題。,(2)值得注意的是，有些過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)而重在描述主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿著)；tired of(厭煩)。 Lost in thought，he didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，他沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到鈴聲。,(3)過(guò)去分詞常跟when，while，after，if，unless，although/though,as if等連詞一起用,修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 Metals expand when heated.金屬被加熱會(huì)膨脹。 過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： 過(guò)去分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即表被動(dòng)；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表主動(dòng)。,Asked why he was late，he cried. 被問(wèn)到他為什么遲到時(shí)，他哭了。 Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there.我朝窗外望去，看見(jiàn)幾個(gè)學(xué)生在那邊玩耍。,【助記】 分詞作狀語(yǔ)記憶口訣 分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是問(wèn)題。逗號(hào)前后兩動(dòng)作,共用一主語(yǔ)。 主語(yǔ)找出后，再來(lái)判關(guān)系。主動(dòng)用v.ing，被動(dòng)用v.ed，having done表先后，千萬(wàn)要牢記。,Ⅰ.用分詞短語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句子 1．Although we were exhausted by the climbing，we continued our journey. ________________________________，we continued our journey. 2．She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared. ________________，she suddenly appeared.,Exhausted by the climbing,Dressed in white,3．Aunt Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter. Aunt Wu came in，________________________________. 4．As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder. ________________________________he has made，he works harder. 5．Once it is seen，it will not be forgotten. ________________，it will not be forgotten.,followed by her daughter,Encouraged by the progress,Once seen,Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(2011·高考四川卷)________ an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous. A．Offer B．Offering C．Offered D．To offer,解析：選C。句意：在一部新的電影被提供了一個(gè)重要的角色，安迪將有機(jī)會(huì)成名。Andy與offer之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。,2．(2011·高考天津卷)________ into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A．Translating B．Translated C．To translate D．Having translated 解析：選B。句意：被譯成英語(yǔ)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子詞序全部變化了。the sentence與translate之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。,3．(2010·高考陜西卷)________from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A．Seen B．Seeing C．Having seen D．To see 解析：選A。句意：從塔頂上看，這座山的南麓是一片樹(shù)的海洋。句子的主語(yǔ)是the south foot of the mountain，與see之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞seen的形式，作狀語(yǔ)。,4．________by his grandparents，Jimmy wasn’t used to living with his parents. A．To bring up B．To be brought up C．Brought up D．Being brought up,解析：選C。句意：因?yàn)镴immy是由他祖父母養(yǎng)大的，所以他不習(xí)慣同他父母生活在一起。Brought up by his grandparents 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句As/Because he was brought up by his grandparents。,5．(2010·高考大綱全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Though________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A．surprising B．was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised,解析：選C。句意：盡管看到我們很驚訝，教授還是熱情地歡迎了我們。此處是though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，若補(bǔ)全為“Though the professor was surprised”。surprised表示人具有的性質(zhì)。,6．________twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A．Being bitten B．Bitten C．Having bitten D．To be bitten,解析：選B。句意：被咬過(guò)兩次后，郵遞員拒絕給我們送信除非我們把狗拴起來(lái)。the postman 和bite之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞形式做原因狀語(yǔ)。,7．________not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A．Reminding B．Reminded C．To remind D．Having reminded,解析：選B。句意：被提醒不要誤了15∶20的飛機(jī)后，經(jīng)理立即動(dòng)身去了機(jī)場(chǎng)。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做作語(yǔ)，句子的主語(yǔ)the manager與remind之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且其表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞set out之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和完成。,8．________ the right kind of training，these teenager soccer players may one day grew the international stars. A．Giving B．Having given C．To give D．Given,解析：選D。句意：如果給予他們適當(dāng)形式的訓(xùn)練，這些青少年足球選手有一天也許會(huì)成為國(guó)際球星。可知主語(yǔ)they 即these teenager soccer players與give 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)。,9．________ many times，he finally understood it. A．Told B．Telling C．Having told D．Having been told,解析：選D。句意：多次被告知后，他最后終于明白了。tell與主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)形式，又由語(yǔ)境many times可知，此處應(yīng)該用分詞的完成式，表示發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前已經(jīng)完成，所以用having been done來(lái)表示被動(dòng)和完成的意義。,10．________ by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A．Being encouraged B．Encouraging C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged,解析：選C。句意：受科技進(jìn)步的鼓舞，許多農(nóng)民在自己的土地上建立了風(fēng)車(chē)農(nóng)廠。句子主語(yǔ)與encourage之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。,11．________，they set out to break the record for crossing channel swim. A．Well equipped B．Well equipping C．Well being equipped D．To equip,解析：選A。句意：裝備好后，他們出發(fā)去打破穿越海峽的游泳記錄。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，equip與they之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。,12．________ by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A．Attracting B．Attracted C．To be attracted D．Having attracted,解析：選B。句意：被自然美景所吸引，這個(gè)來(lái)自倫敦的女孩決定再在農(nóng)場(chǎng)度過(guò)兩天的時(shí)間。該題考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因。句子主語(yǔ)the girl與attract之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。,13．________with all the difficulties，he never gave up. A．Faced B．Facing C．Being faced D．Faced himself,解析：選A。句意：面對(duì)所有的這些困難，他從來(lái)沒(méi)有放棄過(guò)。face是及物動(dòng)詞，多用于face sb.with sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，與he之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。,14．________with a bill for $5,000，Tom has taken another job during his spare time. A．Burdened B．Burden C．Burdening D．To be burdened 解析：選A。句意：負(fù)有5000美元的債務(wù)，湯姆在業(yè)余時(shí)間里又從事了一份工作。主語(yǔ)Tom與burden之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用 burdened with.作狀語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和完成。,15．________ for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits. A．Blamed B．Blaming C．To blame D．To be blamed 解析：選A。句意：因?yàn)閷W(xué)校網(wǎng)絡(luò)的癱瘓而受到指責(zé)，愛(ài)麗絲情緒非常低落。此處blame與Alice之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即blame Alice for.，故用過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。,如何進(jìn)行想象性寫(xiě)作 寫(xiě)作例題 根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，通過(guò)合理的想象，以“Our Future Life”為題寫(xiě)一篇100詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文，展望一下未來(lái)的科技生活。 1．有些人可以到月球上度假。 2．有些科學(xué)家能在海底生活。,3．每家都有可視電話(videophone)，通過(guò)可視電話人們可以進(jìn)行體檢或購(gòu)物。 4．孩子們可以通過(guò)電視和廣播在家接受教育。 5．機(jī)器人為你做家務(wù)。,Our Future Life ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________,審題謀篇 1．本文主體時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)；中心人稱是第一人稱。 2．梳理作文要點(diǎn)，根據(jù)作文要點(diǎn)，選擇合適的句式。如并列句，疑問(wèn)句，或復(fù)雜句式等。 3．本文結(jié)構(gòu)可以包括導(dǎo)入語(yǔ)部分和要點(diǎn)描述部分。,4．行文過(guò)程中，發(fā)揮想象，注意修辭，如使用高級(jí)句式或高級(jí)詞匯等，以增加文章的得分亮點(diǎn)。,寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn) 1．未來(lái)生活會(huì)是什么樣子？ What will the future life_____________？,be like,2. 有些人可以到月球上度假。 ①Some can________________on the moon. ②We can go to the moon________________________. 3．有些科學(xué)家能在海底生活。 Some scientists can____________________.,go on a vacation,for our holiday,live under the sea,4．每家都有可視電話(videophone)，通過(guò)可視電話人們可以進(jìn)行體檢或購(gòu)物。 ①People can________________________，and can also____________________________or ______________through videophone. ②We can have the physical examination or do shopping by______________________.,make a videophone,have their body examined,do shopping,using the videophone,5． 孩子們可以通過(guò)電視和廣播在家接受教育。 Childrencan______________________through the TV or the broadcast.,get/receive education,6．機(jī)器人為你做家務(wù)。 ①We can____________________________by the robots. ②The robots can________________________________.,have the housework done,help you with the housework,佳作欣賞 Our Future Life Sometimes I dream about life in the future.①What will it be like？Perhaps some people will go to the moon for their holiday，and some scientists will live under the sea.Maybe we will have videophones in every home.,②We can have a physical examination or do some shopping without leaving our homes. ③I’m sure there’ll be more educational programs on the radio or TV，so perhaps children won’t need to go to school every day.They will study at home.,No people like doing housework.Maybe in the future each family will have a robot.④Every day we can ask the robot to do shopping，housework and so on.⑤I believe the dream will come true some day.,名師點(diǎn)津 【美文點(diǎn)津】 ①疑問(wèn)句式的使用，引人思考。 ②leaving our homes是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作介詞without的賓語(yǔ)。 ③there’ll be.是省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句，做be sure的賓語(yǔ)。,④and so on是“等等”之意。 ⑤believe 后面接了省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語(yǔ)從句。 【類文點(diǎn)津】 在進(jìn)行想象性作文的寫(xiě)作時(shí)，在立足于寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，要求考生充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力，同時(shí)，在寫(xiě)作時(shí)，要注意以下幾方面：,1．主題要明確。動(dòng)筆前要先明確中心，即寫(xiě)作目的。在此基礎(chǔ)上，要列好提綱，寫(xiě)出主題句。盡可能選擇貼切的高級(jí)的句式或詞匯描述自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。 2．在進(jìn)行此類寫(xiě)作時(shí)，主體時(shí)態(tài)多為一般將來(lái)時(shí)。中心人稱為第一人稱。,3．常用的句式有： I imagine./I dream about./I am curious about./There is some possibility that./We will have./I believe that the dream can come true one day.,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,