接插件自動(dòng)檢測(cè)上料機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書+CAD+SOLIDWORKS】
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南京理工大學(xué)紫金學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(論文)作 者:學(xué) 號(hào):系:機(jī)械工程系專 業(yè):機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化題 目:接插件自動(dòng)檢測(cè)上料機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)副教授指導(dǎo)者: (姓 名) (專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù))評(píng)閱者: (姓 名) (專業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)) 2010 年 3 月畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(論文)中文摘要本文介紹了自動(dòng)檢測(cè)上料的概念、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其組成,氣動(dòng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,PLC控制的特點(diǎn)及國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。本文對(duì)接插件自動(dòng)上料裝置進(jìn)行了總體方案設(shè)計(jì),針對(duì)一臺(tái)可用于檢測(cè)接插件的系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì)其自動(dòng)檢測(cè)上料的機(jī)械部分。對(duì)其進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)以及控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)部分包括:上料機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì);運(yùn)料機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì);機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析;誤差分析;節(jié)拍分析;動(dòng)力計(jì)算;控制系統(tǒng);驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng);執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)等。確定了上料機(jī)械的上料機(jī)構(gòu)、運(yùn)料機(jī)構(gòu)等的具體尺寸,并對(duì)輸送和控制部分進(jìn)行了選擇,整個(gè)動(dòng)作的完成是通過(guò)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)同步帶,氣缸推動(dòng)工件的,并利用PLC進(jìn)行了編程控制。關(guān)鍵詞 自動(dòng)上料 檢測(cè) 節(jié)拍畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(論文)外文摘要Title The design of Automatic detection of the feeding mechanismAbstractThis article introduced machinists concept, the development condition and the composition briefly, air operated technical application, PLC control characteristic and domestic and foreign development condition. This article has carried on the overall concept design to the tire valve automatic high-quality goods installment, in view of one available in grinding tire valve numerical control engine bed, designs its automatic high-quality goods system manipulator. Has carried on the detailed machine design, the transmission system design as well as the control system design to it. The design part includes: High-quality goods organization design; Suspends the material organization design; Organization kinematic analysis; Error analysis; Power computation; Control system; Actuation system; Execution system and so on. Had determined high-quality goods manipulators high-quality goods organization, pendulum material organization and so on concrete size, and has carried on the choice to the sensor and the control section, entire movement completion is actuates through the air cylinder, and has carried on the programming control using PLC. Keywords auto anticipate check rhythm 南 京 理 工 大 學(xué) 紫 金 學(xué) 院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告學(xué) 生 姓 名:學(xué) 號(hào):專 業(yè):機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題目:接插件自動(dòng)檢測(cè)上料機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)指 導(dǎo) 教 師:2010 年 3 月 18 日開題報(bào)告填寫要求1開題報(bào)告(含“文獻(xiàn)綜述”)作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。此報(bào)告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下,由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作前期內(nèi)完成,經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)及所在專業(yè)審查后生效;2開題報(bào)告內(nèi)容必須用黑墨水筆工整書寫或按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式(可從教務(wù)處網(wǎng)頁(yè)上下載)打印,禁止打印在其它紙上后剪貼,完成后應(yīng)及時(shí)交給指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn);3“文獻(xiàn)綜述”應(yīng)按論文的格式成文,并直接書寫(或打?。┰诒鹃_題報(bào)告第一欄目?jī)?nèi),學(xué)生寫文獻(xiàn)綜述的參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)不少于15篇(不包括辭典、手冊(cè));4有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫,應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國(guó)標(biāo)GB/T 74082005數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時(shí)間表示法規(guī)定的要求,一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫。如“2007年3月15日”或“2007-03-15”。 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)(論 文)開 題 報(bào) 告1結(jié)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)課題情況,根據(jù)所查閱的文獻(xiàn)資料,每人撰寫2000字左右的文獻(xiàn)綜述:文 獻(xiàn) 綜 述摘要:自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品常常是成批大量的,在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中要把工件按一定的節(jié)拍和方位送到工作位置。文中針對(duì)各種小型柱、套、蓋、片等物料的自動(dòng)上料,如型號(hào)為RJ45的接插件,設(shè)計(jì)完成了上料站總體結(jié)構(gòu)、氣動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)原理圖、PLC控制程序。具有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值。關(guān)鍵詞:PLC;自動(dòng)上料站;設(shè)計(jì)在自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線上,工件按一定的節(jié)拍和方位送到工作位置,經(jīng)過(guò)加工,裝配或包裝后再取下。如果工件的供送和取下采用手工操作,不僅體力勞動(dòng)繁重,而且生產(chǎn)效率也不可能提高。本文介紹的自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線設(shè)備上料站系統(tǒng),是在電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)下通過(guò)皮帶傳動(dòng)使摩擦盤式料斗轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),轉(zhuǎn)盤上工件在離心力的作用下進(jìn)入下料槽,在前面工件進(jìn)入料槽的同時(shí),后面工件陸續(xù)進(jìn)入料槽,于是實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)供料。 工件必須按要求停放在規(guī)定位置,等待搬運(yùn)站機(jī)械手取走工件,于是這里采用了氣動(dòng)裝置運(yùn)送工件。即在工件進(jìn)入上料裝置后,氣動(dòng)推至指定位置,當(dāng)料被取走后,上料裝置復(fù)位,等待下一工件進(jìn)入,如此往復(fù)循環(huán)完成上料。本動(dòng)作過(guò)程中,工件檢測(cè)通過(guò)光電傳感器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),位置的控制是依靠行程開關(guān),整個(gè)系統(tǒng)由PLC控制。這種上料裝置不儀生產(chǎn)率高,且通用性廣,適用于各種的接插件例如RJ45等零件的自動(dòng)上料。為了檢測(cè)這些產(chǎn)品或者檢測(cè)生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品的設(shè)備,那么急需設(shè)計(jì)出成本較低,測(cè)量精度相對(duì)較高,測(cè)量速度較快的測(cè)量裝置。如此才可以滿足快速發(fā)展的自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線對(duì)測(cè)量技術(shù)的更高要求。國(guó)外西歐美日等國(guó)家在這方面已經(jīng)有了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,各種檢測(cè)設(shè)備已投入市場(chǎng)。但是此類設(shè)備成本昂貴,且是針對(duì)某一檢測(cè)范圍的各種零件的檢測(cè)。自動(dòng)化的迅速進(jìn)展,廣大用戶要求快速測(cè)量工件的整體形狀精度,這已成為該領(lǐng)域近期的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。所以,高價(jià)購(gòu)買的國(guó)外檢測(cè)設(shè)備實(shí)屬浪費(fèi)。而我國(guó)在檢測(cè)技術(shù)上已達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平,只是沒(méi)有將先進(jìn)的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力。為解決我國(guó)中小企業(yè)在檢測(cè)方面遇到的問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了檢測(cè)精度、效率都較高的自動(dòng)檢測(cè)裝置。目前,我國(guó)散狀原料的上料系統(tǒng)多采用人工目測(cè)上料量及手工操作方式,作業(yè)條件差、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、生產(chǎn)效率和設(shè)備利用率低,生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的可靠性、穩(wěn)定性和精確性都較差,這與許多企業(yè)已實(shí)現(xiàn)的后段工序生產(chǎn)過(guò)程自動(dòng)化狀況極不適應(yīng)因此應(yīng)用微機(jī)技術(shù)對(duì)上料系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制是極為重要的。據(jù)資料介紹,德國(guó)、日本等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家已率先研制出微機(jī)控制的沖量式流量計(jì),并廣泛應(yīng)用于冶金、礦山等行業(yè)自動(dòng)檢測(cè)上料系統(tǒng)模塊化技術(shù)是制造業(yè)由傳統(tǒng)的單一品種大批量加工模式向多品種、中小批量方式發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。該項(xiàng)技術(shù)研究開創(chuàng)了一種模塊化、組合化的自動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng), 即將整個(gè)系統(tǒng)分為幾個(gè)獨(dú)立而又互相關(guān)聯(lián)的模塊, 各個(gè)模塊具有自身的運(yùn)動(dòng)精度和位置精度, 它可縮短自動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)研制周期及降低設(shè)計(jì)成本, 及時(shí)為企業(yè)提供所需的自動(dòng)檢測(cè)設(shè)備。該項(xiàng)目以檢測(cè)難度大、檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目多、檢測(cè)精度要求高、檢測(cè)批量大等為特點(diǎn), 以油泵油嘴行業(yè)的三大精密偶件檢測(cè)為代表, 進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用研究。自動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)由自動(dòng)上料定位系統(tǒng), 全自動(dòng)分選下料系統(tǒng)等五個(gè)部分組成, 被測(cè)工件從上料測(cè)量直至下料, 皆通過(guò)高精度的機(jī)械及定位系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)確地傳送到指定位置。并在測(cè)量工位上全自動(dòng)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)又通過(guò)二次定位結(jié)構(gòu), 保證了測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的定位精度, 同時(shí)為根據(jù)需求更換測(cè)量模塊提供了極大方便。自動(dòng)上料模塊、下料分選模塊的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo):(1) 定位精度: 0. 1mm(2) 下料分組數(shù): 30 組(3) 效率: 每件6 秒(4) 無(wú)劃傷、碰傷、偶件無(wú)分離模塊化自動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)適用于小型零件或偶件的自動(dòng)檢測(cè)分選, 工件或偶件的尺寸范圍在303080mm 以內(nèi)可直接應(yīng)用, 有些做少許改動(dòng)也能適用。應(yīng)用自動(dòng)檢測(cè)模塊化技術(shù), 研制的小尺寸精密零件及偶件全自動(dòng)檢測(cè)與分選設(shè)備, 發(fā)揮了機(jī)、電、氣、光與計(jì)算機(jī)一體化的優(yōu)越性, 設(shè)計(jì)起點(diǎn)高, 智能化程度高, 使得多種幾何量參數(shù)或多種綜合性能參數(shù)能同時(shí)自動(dòng)進(jìn)行高精度測(cè)量并自動(dòng)分選, 該項(xiàng)技術(shù)屬國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平。并可推廣到汽車、軸承、壓縮機(jī)、液壓、氣動(dòng)等行業(yè)應(yīng)用。參考文獻(xiàn):1 尚久浩. 自動(dòng)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)M北京:中國(guó)輕工業(yè)出版社,2003(5)2 詹宿賢. 自動(dòng)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)M北京:北京輕工業(yè)出版社,1987(6)3 張鍵民. 機(jī)電體化系統(tǒng)M北京:北京理工大學(xué)出版社,19964 鄭叔芳,吳曉林. 機(jī)械工程測(cè)量學(xué)M北京:科學(xué)出版社,1999(9)5 陳立定. 電氣控制與可編程序控制器的原理及應(yīng)用M北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,20046 許福玲. 液壓與氣動(dòng)傳動(dòng)M北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,20047 袁任光可編程序控制器選用手冊(cè)M北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2000 8 徐灝主編機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)第2卷第3卷第4卷北京-機(jī)械工業(yè)出版杜,1995 9 粱德本、葉王駒主編機(jī)械制圖手冊(cè)北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社1997 10 (機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè))聯(lián)合編寫組編機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)上冊(cè)北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版,1987 11 張毅剛單片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用普通高等教育“十五”國(guó)家級(jí)規(guī)劃教材 高等教育出版社 12 劉啟中,李榮正編著PLC單片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用上海市教育委員會(huì)高校重點(diǎn)教材建設(shè)項(xiàng)目北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社 13 劉守義智能卡技術(shù)高職專系列規(guī)劃教材西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社 14 章兼源微機(jī)控制技術(shù)21世紀(jì)高職高專規(guī)劃教材電子工業(yè)出版社 15 林茂料斗式電磁振動(dòng)供料器的理論分析及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 J 機(jī)械工程師,1994,(3) 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)(論 文)開 題 報(bào) 告本課題要研究或解決的問(wèn)題和擬采用的研究手段(途徑):設(shè)計(jì)方案:1 總體結(jié)構(gòu)裝配設(shè)計(jì)總體結(jié)構(gòu)主要由機(jī)架、轉(zhuǎn)盤、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、電氣控制等組成。上料依靠轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)在摩擦力的作用下,工件作離心運(yùn)動(dòng),完成送料過(guò)程 ,根據(jù)此設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)盤的直徑,表面摩擦系數(shù)等,考慮到出料不能太快,而料又能正常送出,將轉(zhuǎn)盤設(shè)計(jì)成中間高、邊緣低,這樣同時(shí)依靠重力的分力作用,就能很好的完成送料,而又使出料速度合適。2 機(jī)械部分結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)械部分主要是一轉(zhuǎn)盤機(jī)構(gòu),為保證工件在離心力的作用下能夠順利進(jìn)入上料槽,設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)盤為中間突、周圍凹的結(jié)構(gòu),坡度為5,其工作受力分析如圖1所示。G為工件重力; F0為摩擦力;F1、F2分別為重力的分力; Fa為向心力;m為工件質(zhì)量;r為工件所在位置的回轉(zhuǎn)半徑;n為轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)速;f為摩擦系數(shù),F(xiàn)為工件的下滑力。當(dāng)F0時(shí),工件才可以滑落下來(lái)。由上圖可知,下料條件由摩擦因數(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)速和下料點(diǎn)離圓心位置所決定。3 氣動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)31 氣缸設(shè)計(jì)因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)承受負(fù)載不大,而且行程也不長(zhǎng),本裝置選用輕巧型CG1系列雙作用氣缸,缸徑為20mm,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,行程可以根據(jù)需要選擇。采用氣緩沖,缸筒為無(wú)桿缸蓋壓成一體,缸筒與桿蓋為螺紋連接,缸筒、缸蓋和活塞都采用鋁合金,軸向尺寸短,重量比其它系列氣缸輕10一50。32 氣缸控制部分氣缸的運(yùn)動(dòng)通過(guò)磁鐵換向閥控制,根據(jù)不同指令控制活塞推出或者拉升,具體控制流程為:行程開關(guān)Sl觸發(fā)傳感器1發(fā)出指令使閥的YV1端得電工作,氣缸上升撞到行程開關(guān)S2傳感器2工作發(fā)出指令使閥的YV2端得電工作,氣缸下降。氣動(dòng)控制原理如圖2所示。4 電氣控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)41 變頻器部分(1)變頻器的選用設(shè)計(jì)中采用的電機(jī)由于轉(zhuǎn)速過(guò)高,不利于上料控制,而變頻器作為現(xiàn)在工控領(lǐng)域的重要組成部分,已充分運(yùn)用于電機(jī)的控制中。隨著微電子技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展,變頻技術(shù)已越來(lái)越成熟。對(duì)于本套上料站裝置,考慮到實(shí)用性及價(jià)格,采用了丹佛斯VLT2900系列中的VLT2905,功率為05kW。(2)變頻器的連線,參數(shù)設(shè)置變頻器端子連線圖如圖3。42 PLC的選型目前, 市場(chǎng)上PLC的品牌型號(hào)多種多樣,價(jià)格各異。作為整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的主控核心,必須選擇性能穩(wěn)定的PLC。這里選擇了目前工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域較為普遍使用的三菱控制器。型號(hào)為:FX2N一16MR。(1) I/O圖及分配表按下啟動(dòng)按鈕SB2,上料站開始工作。采用光電傳感器進(jìn)行感應(yīng)并發(fā)出相關(guān)指令,閥體直接控制氣缸,而對(duì)上料過(guò)程進(jìn)行控制。急停按鈕可終止任何操作,所有影響閥體的輸出被復(fù)位。(2)程序設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)工藝過(guò)程要求,設(shè)計(jì)梯形圖程序如圖4。43 運(yùn)行調(diào)試本上料站以PLC為控制核心,自動(dòng)完成上料動(dòng)作。由變頻器控制電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩和速度,通過(guò)變頻器參數(shù)設(shè)置等,都是可調(diào)的。因此,根據(jù)不同的上料要求,可以做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,使得這套系統(tǒng)的使用范圍更為廣泛。系統(tǒng)供電前,檢查電路及儀器是否正常,確保一切正常安全的情況下啟動(dòng)電源。保證有料供應(yīng)的情況下,開始調(diào)試。首先,將變頻器輸出頻率調(diào)到OHZ ,然后慢慢增大,確定一個(gè)適合的上料速度,并將其鎖定。與此同時(shí),將編好的程序輸入PLC內(nèi),并讓其試運(yùn)行,發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤及時(shí)改正。 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)(論 文)開 題 報(bào) 告指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn):1對(duì)“文獻(xiàn)綜述”的評(píng)語(yǔ):2對(duì)本課題的深度、廣度及工作量的意見(jiàn)和對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)結(jié)果的預(yù)測(cè): 指導(dǎo)教師: 年 月 日所在專業(yè)審查意見(jiàn): 負(fù)責(zé)人: 年 月 日中北大學(xué)2007屆本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書目錄1 緒論11.1 自動(dòng)檢測(cè)上料現(xiàn)狀11.2 自動(dòng)檢測(cè)上料的意義12 上料檢測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)的構(gòu)造及其工藝分析22.1 被檢測(cè)元件的介紹22.2 上料檢測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)的構(gòu)造42.3 工藝分析43 自動(dòng)檢測(cè)上料機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案53.1 擬定設(shè)計(jì)方案63.2 設(shè)計(jì)方案論證84 主要零件的選擇及計(jì)算94.1 電機(jī)的選擇94.2 同步帶傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) 124.3 氣動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 184.4 氣動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌的設(shè)計(jì) 265 其它零件的選擇及計(jì)算 295.1 支架的選擇 295.2 流道的設(shè)計(jì) 305.3 護(hù)板的選用 306 總裝配體的設(shè)計(jì) 306.1 總裝配圖 306.2 機(jī)構(gòu)的安裝與調(diào)試 32結(jié)論 33致謝 34參考文獻(xiàn) 35第 I 頁(yè) 共 III 頁(yè)南 京 理 工 大 學(xué) 紫 金 學(xué) 院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯系: 專 業(yè): 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 姓 名: 學(xué) 號(hào): (用外文寫) 外文出處:SEMI AUTOMATIC PREPARATION OF COLLECTION MAIL FOR FACER CANCELER附 件: 1.外文資料翻譯譯文;2.外文原文。 指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ): 簽名: 年 月 日注:請(qǐng)將該封面與附件裝訂成冊(cè)。附件1:外文資料翻譯譯文法國(guó)半自動(dòng)郵件收集分揀裝置M. Didier ThieriotLa PosteM. Laurent BaufretonLa Poste摘要 郵件準(zhǔn)備工作的最后步驟之一,主要仍是在法國(guó)進(jìn)行手動(dòng)操作。進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究的不同數(shù)據(jù)表明自動(dòng)化分揀顯示出較便宜,除了傳統(tǒng)的慢手工分揀設(shè)備中需要,也可以在主要排序中心中使用。其主要目的是參與并找出從中存在的問(wèn)題,這也為了在今天籌備過(guò)程中,薄弱環(huán)節(jié)能在合作與分工的工作中所體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。為了分離和堆棧郵件,法國(guó)郵政選擇了半自動(dòng)裝置與NEC生產(chǎn)的剔除裝置結(jié)合使用,是一種取代手工分揀的機(jī)器。這種裝置名為自動(dòng)化分揀裝置,是在位于裝置上游進(jìn)行分揀與剔除。該系統(tǒng)幫助合作社自動(dòng)剔除和堆棧上游的可分揀郵件。這個(gè)介紹描述了本設(shè)備的職能和性能。導(dǎo)言 上下文在1998年,法國(guó)郵政收購(gòu)了11家NEC裝置以準(zhǔn)備成立從郵筒收集郵件的分揀中心。這些機(jī)器只有當(dāng)C5尺寸的郵件通過(guò)時(shí)才會(huì)被收入否則就被剔除。目前,郵件從郵筒收集必須手動(dòng)處理。此郵件是有帶字母,扁平,非加工信件組成。扁平和非加工信件約占8左右。手工操作的主要內(nèi)容是從大量郵件流中剔除扁平和厚厚的信件,然后堆放到處理信件的手工分揀設(shè)備中。此操作并不需要特別的設(shè)備,只需要一個(gè)大桌,一些小盤子。本裝置的缺點(diǎn)是它的低盈利性和低效率性,是一種非工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的郵政自動(dòng)化。第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 1 法國(guó) 目標(biāo) 法國(guó)郵政已開設(shè)一個(gè)專門的組織結(jié)構(gòu),努力改善在這個(gè)郵件的一部分程序的編制單位。他的目標(biāo)是取得出線權(quán),然后部署工作上層工業(yè)組織的11 NEC裝置。功能描述 工藝 郵件功能界別的制備與NEC配備區(qū)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的主要特點(diǎn)如下: 郵件準(zhǔn)備任務(wù) 工作領(lǐng)域的體制改革工業(yè)化 提高工作區(qū)的功能分析的工作效率我們開展了對(duì)下列工作的流程研究(圖1)。圖1郵件制備流程2 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議法國(guó)當(dāng)人們開始考慮從各種形態(tài)的郵件中把它們按不同種類的分揀開時(shí),就意味著技術(shù)解決方案的能力應(yīng)付的所有情況都將是復(fù)雜和昂貴的。對(duì)這些決定保留人工剔除的的人的理由是這種方式適應(yīng)后箱郵件的特殊性,從而精心設(shè)計(jì)出一種舒適的座位工作站,以滿足這種需要。機(jī)械化的主要是應(yīng)用于堆疊功能,是一種簡(jiǎn)單的技術(shù)解決方案的開發(fā)手段,以限制采購(gòu)和維護(hù)費(fèi)用。技術(shù)說(shuō)明 所需占地面積為自動(dòng)化分揀裝置的2個(gè)輸入站:5m80 x 4m70(不包括手動(dòng)部分) 電源供應(yīng):220V伏特 /十六安培 一剔除站吞吐量能達(dá)到8的單位(不散裝):14,000封/小時(shí) 吞吐量的堆疊模塊:30,000封/小時(shí) NEC公司的上游堆容量:2米(約1600封)圖2自動(dòng)化分揀裝置第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 3法國(guó)自動(dòng)化分揀裝置在郵件中心的項(xiàng)目自動(dòng)化分揀裝置已安裝完畢,自2002年11月運(yùn)營(yíng)。它的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)傾斜的郵件收集盤的上料機(jī)構(gòu)。有人指出,分流操作工能很快地適應(yīng)于設(shè)備的操作和贊賞坐著工作的這種方式。上料控制,踏板以一英尺的長(zhǎng)度,使他們能夠控制郵件流,因?yàn)樗堑礁綦x帶才卸載。這是一個(gè)很寬的,緩慢移動(dòng)帶,操作工有第二個(gè)腳踏,以避免任何溢出停止的可能性。機(jī)械化郵件的傳遞通過(guò)剔除站時(shí)沒(méi)有任何關(guān)于手動(dòng)執(zhí)行部分的行動(dòng)。被剔除的扁平信件通過(guò)滾動(dòng)傳送帶放在盤的前面。完整的信件被托盤推入收集機(jī)構(gòu),在其中一個(gè)輸送末尾是手動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。然后替換他們?yōu)榭胀斜P。觸點(diǎn)能檢查出任何厚厚的對(duì)象或那些其中包含形態(tài)中能有被識(shí)別特點(diǎn)的對(duì)象。機(jī)械化郵件是從一個(gè)傾斜的傳送帶,進(jìn)入兩個(gè)分開的郵件流輸入站。然后通過(guò)一個(gè)小漏斗并隨機(jī)移動(dòng)到一個(gè)傾斜帶上。這個(gè)傳送帶不再帶動(dòng)在帶邊緣的那些信件。然后將它們堆積和儲(chǔ)存在一個(gè)2米的移動(dòng)堆中,它提供了郵件的NEC裝置手動(dòng)接駁。安裝 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置很容易安裝,因?yàn)樗С侄喾N配置。因此,它可以適應(yīng)樓宇的設(shè)計(jì),輸入站和單位輸出可以定位,以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)有的郵件流尺寸 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置的噪音低于68分貝。它由240伏為16A的電源供電,不需要任何其他動(dòng)力源。項(xiàng)目管理 法國(guó)郵政建立了(圖3)與單個(gè)輸入站配備原型。之后,試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果進(jìn)令人鼓舞,設(shè)備是安裝在南特分揀中心,以測(cè)試在實(shí)際運(yùn)作情況的各項(xiàng)職能與性能。自動(dòng)化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行的測(cè)試使用了真實(shí)的郵件。該項(xiàng)目是在向幾個(gè)供應(yīng)商,以及FIMEC公司選擇建造的第一臺(tái)自動(dòng)化分揀裝置,在同行中達(dá)到領(lǐng)先水平。該設(shè)備安裝在南特分揀中心,兩個(gè)輸入剔除站,以驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。在第一臺(tái)自動(dòng)化分揀裝置被測(cè)試認(rèn)證后,剩余的同類設(shè)備將會(huì)被陸續(xù)安裝。4 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 法國(guó)圖3自動(dòng)化分揀裝置原型第一次試驗(yàn)表明,有一個(gè)堆棧的操作存在質(zhì)量缺陷。這一缺陷具體表現(xiàn)為信件流的增加。法國(guó)郵政和FIMEC在性能和吞吐量上作出了修改,目標(biāo)旨在提高堆棧的質(zhì)量。這些項(xiàng)目目前正在觀察,并將被FIMEC列入他們的系列產(chǎn)品中。而正確的運(yùn)作程序驗(yàn)證,將會(huì)在6月初展開。第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 5法國(guó)儲(chǔ)蓄 我們建議比較郵件的2種盈利能力方面的準(zhǔn)備,要根據(jù)單位和非比例加工信件的情況來(lái)確定。我們研究了從郵筒到大宗郵件流,這就是我們整齊地堆放在托盤上沒(méi)有郵件的郵件準(zhǔn)備區(qū)的入口。 1自動(dòng)化收集分揀裝置帶剔除器:在2個(gè)剔除站單位成本的花銷上低于60 000歐元。2傳統(tǒng)的剔除裝置:在系列單位成本的剔除部分花銷估計(jì)為180000歐元工作站設(shè)備的數(shù)目:自動(dòng)化分揀裝置工作站的數(shù)量 2 :分類站1 :垃圾郵件上料及接駁模塊1 :堆垛機(jī)2或3:拒絕郵件處理,按單位和非比例機(jī)械化郵件 吞吐量特點(diǎn): 自動(dòng)裝置操作該瓦楞機(jī)吞吐量為每小時(shí)30,000信,總是比自動(dòng)化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)高;而后者是在從量的角度體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。后者的吞吐量可達(dá)每小時(shí)2.5萬(wàn)封。這吞吐量逐步呈下降趨勢(shì),這取決于剔除操作工能力,以消除手工單位及非這些項(xiàng)目的比例上升機(jī)械化郵件等多方面因素。 6 手動(dòng)剔除裝置工作站的數(shù)量 1或2 :群發(fā)郵件上料,根據(jù)單位和非比例機(jī)械化電子郵件1 :堆垛機(jī)2或3 :拒絕郵件處理,按單位和非比例機(jī)械化郵件 手動(dòng)裝置操作手動(dòng)吞吐量可達(dá)每小時(shí)30000封。這吞吐量遞減,這取決于對(duì)剔除的能力,以消除部分自動(dòng)單位及非這些項(xiàng)目的比例上升機(jī)械化郵件等多方面因素。第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議法國(guó)圖4扁平和非機(jī)動(dòng)郵件的比例-吞吐量盈利能力 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置解決了很多問(wèn)題諸如使單位和非比例加工電子郵件的數(shù)量圍繞10的平均水平。它實(shí)際上比以前更好因?yàn)樗容^輕,而且吞吐量也很不 錯(cuò)。如果一個(gè)自動(dòng)戳的維護(hù)費(fèi)用還高那就沒(méi)有道理了。 自動(dòng)剔除的選擇取決于單位和非比例的垃圾郵件流加工郵件這2種,在經(jīng)濟(jì)上合理時(shí): 無(wú)論不可加工郵件的比例是高還是非常低的情況下:,手動(dòng)的吞吐量更高,自動(dòng)化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)的吞吐量是有限的,是2.5萬(wàn)封,最高/小時(shí), 只有在非高加工郵件比例的情況下:,手動(dòng)的吞吐量成為優(yōu)于自動(dòng)化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)。 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 7法國(guó) 圖5扁平和非加工郵件的比例-盈利結(jié)論 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的裝置。手動(dòng)分離使所有非正常的個(gè)案進(jìn)入信箱郵件流進(jìn)行處理。該解決方案提供了高度自適應(yīng)的靈活性,以旨在針對(duì)郵件流的變化:它是更有效的,因?yàn)樗旁谌魏螜C(jī)械化操作上端。分流操作工能迅速掌握所需技能,這使得他們能夠在郵件生產(chǎn)單位多價(jià)情況情況下產(chǎn)生十分多樣的變化。在修改方面的可能性來(lái)說(shuō),自動(dòng)化分揀裝置配置使其能夠適應(yīng)不同布局和使郵件流在不同的地點(diǎn)組織到一起。修改可以使有關(guān)個(gè)例在分離分流站被直接剔除。最后,適當(dāng)?shù)耐顿Y成本表明也保證自動(dòng)化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)早期的盈利能力。詞匯表APEC自動(dòng)分揀裝置CFC手動(dòng)剔除裝置FC剔除裝置8 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議附件2:外文原文FRANCESEMI AUTOMATIC PREPARATION OF COLLECTION MAIL FOR FACER CANCELERM. Didier ThieriotLa PosteM. Laurent BaufretonLa PosteAbstractLetter mail preparation is one of the last operations which is still done chiefly manually in France.A study carried out on different scenarii of automation shows the need for less expensive, slower machines besides the traditional CFCs, that can be used in the major sorting centres. The main objective was to organise the tasks involved, which are today the weak link in the preparation process, where operatives work with large tables and rudimentary equipment.To segregate and stack the mail, La Poste has chosen a semi-automatic device used in conjunction with the NEC Facer-Canceller (FC) machine. This device, named APEC, is located upstream of the facer-canceller-sorter machine.The system helps the operatives to cull and stack the mail upstream of the automatic preparation of machinable mail.This presentation describes the functions and performance of this equipment.IntroductionContextIn the year 1998, La Poste bought 11 NEC Facer Cancellers to prepare the mail collected from post boxes in sorting centres. These machines require at the input a stack of mail whose maximum size is C5 format and from which the thick mail items have been removed.Currently, the mail collected from post boxes must be processed manually. This mail is composed of letters, flats, and non-machinable letters. Flats and non-machinable letters are about 8% of the total.The manual operations principally consist of culling the flats and thick letters from the bulk mail flow, and then stacking letters for FC processing. This operation requires no special equipment, only a large table and some trays. The disadvantages of the present organisation are its low profitability and the fact that it is a non-industrialised process.15th International Conference on Postal Automation1FRANCEObjectiveLa Poste has started work on a dedicated organisational structure to improve procedures in this part of the mail preparation unit. he target is to qualify and then to deploy the industrial organisation of work upstream of the 11 NEC Facer Cancellers.Functional descriptionProcessThe main thrust of development for the mechanisation of the mail preparation area equipped with NEC FCs is the following:Industrialisation of the mail preparation tasksRestructuring of the work areaImproving the productivity of the work areaThe functional analysis which we carried out gave the following breakdown of the tasks (Figure 1).Post box mail receptionFlats storageCullingletter flow stabilisationStackingSpecial letter storageNon-machinable mail storageMachinable letter storage (when FC stops)NEC FC FeedingFigure 1Mail Preparation Breakdown215th International Conference on Postal AutomationFRANCEThe number of separations to be carried out on the mail, together with the morphological variety of the mail, means that a technical solution capable of coping with all situations would be both complex and expensive.For these reasons it was decided to retain manual culling for its adaptability to the peculiarities of post box mail, and a comfortable seated workstation was designed with particular care to meet this need.Mechanisation has mainly been applied to the function of stacking, and was developed by means of simple technical solutions in order to limit the costs of procurement and maintenance.Technical descriptionFloor space required for an APEC with 2 input stations: 5m80 x 4m70 (not including the FC)Mains supply: 220Volts / 16 AmperesThroughput of one culling station with 8 % of flats (without bulk loading):14,000 letters / hourThroughput of the stacking module: 30,000 letters / hourCapacity of stacker upstream of NEC FC: 2m (approximately 1,600 letters)NEC FCStacking moduleStabilising moduleTray for special lettersFeeding stationCulling stationFlats rejectFigure 2APEC Machine15th International Conference on Postal Automation3FRANCEAPEC project in mail centreThe APEC has been installed and operating since November 2002.The hoppers are fed by tipping the contents of the mail collection trays.It was noted that the segregation operatives quickly got used to the device and appreciated the seated work position. The feed control, by means of a foot pedal, allows them to control the mail stream as it is unloaded onto the segregation belt. This is a wide, slow-moving belt, and the operatives have the possibility of stopping it, with a second foot pedal, to avoid any overflow. The mechanised mail is conveyed through the culling station without any action on the part of the operative.Flats are cleared at the front in trays placed on a rolling conveyor. The full trays are pushed by the operative and collected manually in a structure placed at one end of the conveyor. The operative then replaces them with empty trays. A tactile check allows any thick object or object containing morphological peculiarities to be identified.Mechanised mail is tipped onto a belt which receives the mail stream of both segregation input stations. This flow is fed through a small hopper and falls randomly onto a moving inclined belt. The action of this belt stands all the letters on their longer edge. They are then stacked and stored in a 2-meter moving stacker, which offers up the mail to the feeder of the NEC FC.InstallationThe APEC is easy to install because it supports a variety of configurations. It can therefore be adapted to the layout of the premises and the input stations and the flats output can be positioned to fit in with the existing mail stream.The noise level of the APEC is lower than 68 dBA. It is powered by 240V at16A and does not require any other power source.Project managementLa Poste built a prototype (Figure 3) equipped with a single input station. Following the encouraging results of the trials carried out, the equipment was installed in the Nantes sorting centre to qualify the performance of each of the functions in real conditions of operation. The APEC system was tested using real mail items.The project was tendered to several suppliers, and the FIMEC company was chosen to build the first APEC ahead of series production. The device was installed in the Nantes sorting centre, with two input culling stations, in order to validate the design for industrial production.The rest of the equipment will be installed after the validation of the firstAPEC.415th International Conference on Postal AutomationFigure 3Prototype APECFRANCEThe first trials showed there was a quality deficiency in the creation of the stack. The origin of this defect was identified with the increase of the stream.La Poste and FIMEC have made modifications to achieve the target performance in throughput and in the quality of the stack. These are currently under observation and will be included by FIMEC in their series production. The validation of the correct operational procedure will be carried out at the beginning of June.15th International Conference on Postal Automation5FRANCESavingsWe propose to compare the profitability of 2 types of mail preparation area, depending on the proportion of flats and non-machinable letters. We studied the bulk mail flow from post boxes, in which there is no mail neatly stacked in trays, at the entry point of the mail preparation area.1. APEC device coupled with a Facer-Canceller: The unit cost in series production of one APEC with 2 culling stations is lower than 60,000 euros.2. Culler-Facer-Canceller machine: The unit cost in series production of the culling section is estimated at 180,000 euros.Number of work stations on the equipment:number of operatives for APEC + FCnumber of operatives for CFC2: segregation stations1: bulk mail feeding and feeder module1: stackers2 or 3: rejected mail processing, according to the proportion of flats and non- mechanised mail1 or 2: bulk mail feeding, according to the proportion of flats and non-mechanised mail1:stackers2 or 3:rejected mail processing, according tothe proportion of flats and non-mechanised mailThroughput characteristics:APEC + FCCFCThe throughput of the Facer Canceller is30,000 letters per hour, always higher than the APEC; APEC is the weak link in the system from the point of view of throughput.The throughput of the APEC is up to 25,000 letters per hour. This throughput tends to decrease progressively, depending on the capacity of the culling operatives to eliminate manually the flats and non-mechanised mail as the proportion of these items rises.The throughput of the CFC is up to 30,000 letters per hour. This throughput also decreases progressively, depending on the capacity of the culling section to eliminate automatically the flats and non-mechanised mail as the proportion of these items rises.615th International Conference on Postal AutomationFRANCEMechanised mail throughput31000letters per hours29000270002500023000210001900017000150000% 5% 10% 15% 20%Flats and non-mechanised mail proportionAPEC_FC CFCFigure 4Proportion of Flats and Non-Mechanised Mail - ThroughputProfitabilityThe APEC+FC solution is the more profitable when the proportion of flats and non-machinable mail is around an average of 10%. It is actually better because the culling operations are light, so the throughput is quite good. The high cost of an automatic culler is not justified.The choice of automatic culling depends on the proportion of flats and non- machinable mail in the bulk mail flow and is financially justified when:either the proportion of non-machinable mail is very low: in this case, the throughput of the CFC is higher, the APECs throughput is limited by the simple technology to a maximum of 25,000 letters/hour,or the proportion of non-machinable mail is high: in this case, the throughput of the CFC becomes better than the APEC+FC.15th International Conference on Postal Automation7FRANCEProfitability level4.03.53.0year2.52.01.51.00.50.00% 5% 10% 15% 20%Flats and non-mechanised mail proportionAPEC_FC CFCFigure 5Proportion of Flats and Non-Mechanised Mail ProfitabilityConclusionThe APEC is a simple device. Manual segregation enables all atypical cases met in the letter-box mail flow to be processed. This solution offers a high degree of flexibility of adaptation to the variations in the mail stream: it is all the more effective since it is placed upstream of any mechanisation. The segregation operatives can rapidly master the skills required and this allows them to be polyvalent in a mail production unit where the tasks are very diversified.The possibility of modifying the configuration of the APEC allows it to be adapted to the various layouts and the organisation of the mail stream at different sites.Modifications can be made so that the flats separated at the segregation station are cancelled on-line.Lastly, the moderate cost of investment and the high performances guarantee the early profitability of the APEC.GlossaryAPEC:special equipment designed by La Poste to prepare the mailCFC:upstream of a Facer Canceller machineCuller-Facer-Canceller machineFC:Facer-Canceller machine815th International Conference on Postal Automation
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