滾筒式紅薯清洗機設計【蔬菜清洗機】
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The principle and structure of the new type continuous mildew on lobster sauce washing machineAbstract: The principle and structure of a set of new type mildew washing equipment- the continuous mildew on lobster sauce washing machine was introduced in this paper.Using this machine is profited not only to enhance the lobster sauce s quality, to improve the productivity, and to reduce the worker s labor intensity, butalso to construct a good working condit ion and to realize the brewing industry s mechanization.Key words: continuous; washing mildew in lobster sauce machine; new type machine1 PrefaceIn rice production of aspergillus types of douchi, in order to guarantee Fermented bean product quality features that make fermented bean product more bright and reduce the GuSeWei into song, fermented bean must use the water surface mycelia, conidium and cleaning, and stick dirt.Requirements in the process, to wash the land into possible to keep douchi Song off, skin complete without washing into song hypha, skin Bean body oil moisten.At present, aspergillus enzyme types of douchi into song washing square method in most of the flavoring factory use manual method isIts labor intensity, production environment is bad, not to protect cleaning effect certificate. Therefore, this paper introduces a new type of continuous douchi wash Mildew machine, the continuous type of douchi in washing machine wash mildew of enzyme into the black beans have bent the function of scattered and sanitizers, fermented bean song material peeling, washing the low rate of douchi into song surface hypha body, conidium and sticky dirt, fermented bean song materials in the machine Spray, can receive appropriate back to wet, wash enzymes work can be with continued, with low labor strength, high efficiency, easy operation, convenient in maintenance, meanwhile the machine has advantages such as water use the system, can make full use of water, reduce waste waterProductivity, and it is favorable to the environment protection function. This douchi wash in douchi manufacturer mould machine a trial, and good results have been achieved.,2 continuous douchi wash mildew principle of workAfter the composer of black beans song material by mechanical or artificially in feeding controller with certain under the control of the flow into the wash enzyme machine in feeding port (see chart 1 shows), music by incoming material flow in the control (see chart 1), music material flows into the washing machine wash the enzyme, wash enzyme enzyme trough the vats after turning round thorn stick and drive the water wash enzyme machine, the clouds of flow movement in growth curve material scattered in material song with the surface of mycelia, conidium and sticky dirt flushed wash it. After feeding song outflow into belt spraying machine (see figure 2 shows), spraying water wash of bean song further. Spray belt spraying water cleaning after after by circulation to bean song of enzyme machine wash the next batch of material song clean. In the process of wash mildew, if appear too much song material has not been derided and jam wash water, wash mildew mould slot machine has two jetting rinse device, in the cases without stopping the jam wash mildew slot agglomerate song, ensure the machine feeding derided for continuous operation, wash mildew machine visual music material requirements wash mildew stepless speed regulation.3 successive douchi wash mildew machine structureContinuous washing mildew machine structure were composed by two single,One is the washing machine, two is mould belt conveyor benzopyrazine machine, injection machine as shown in figure:1 Gate 2 Cistern 3 Wash mildew barrels 4 Round stick5 The material mouth 6 Overflow valve 7 Material pump controllers8 Block water cover 9 Shower belt 10 Spray pump 11Reflux pump 12 Water inlet 13 Overflow pipeDouchi wash mildew machine schemes3.1 wash mildew machineMainly by enters the material hopper, feeding controller, cistern (see chart 2), wash mildew slot (see figure 3), round thorn in stick (see chart 4), discharging mouth (see chart 5), transmission equipment etc.Enters the material hopper. This is a sifang conical hollow body, fermented bean song by conveying equipment or material of artificial thus enter Wash mildew machine, below a feed hopper, control song material controller into quantity.wash the mildew slots. Purpose is to give the surface with mycelia and meristematic spore, sticky dirt of douchi song materials and water in the rubbing empty in between and adjustment in the process of production, wash the mildew to prevent blocking alessio, etc.Round rod thorn. This is the main device wash mildew machine, device form is a circle on the form of sticks with a series of small round rods, small round rods on the amount and installation angle of process douchi song material mycelia, conidium, stick dirt form,growth situation, etc to circumstances. In the round the design, rod thorn ,This machine used fluid mechanics principle, the device is baptized mildew water sports and the surface of douchi song material. Mildew and its sticky dirt on friction and achieve! Purification, therefore, fermented bean song material peeling less, flow and douchi song material! Friction, the surface is smooth curve material.Discharging device. Wash the mildew machine wash mildew in discharge mouth slot near the end of the tangent cross-section position, equipped with adjustment out the device, feed can be conveniently depending on the song material needs and into do adjustment, prevent song material blocked jet flush device in above the discharging device.The overflow device. The overflow device in the role of mould machine wash is wash the thing to be cleaned after mildewed (mycelia, conidium, stick dirt, sundry etc) in a short time, the machine turned the overflow from mouth to wash face in the position of mould slot and the level of the overflow of the space there is enough, can guarantee to be cleaned after washing mildew objects in the short time eduction cake layer.3.2 Belt spraying machine Main material thickness controller by conveyer belt, and the spray nozzle, spraying water recycling system and transmission system, etc.Belt spraying machines main function is already cleaning the material for further douchi song, and can according to song clean material humidity proper adjustment. Take right # will pepper cut into 3 4 cm, add the butter low-temperature extraction mention 1 h or so # join crushing prickly ash and saute until out MaWei # join alleviate pains powder, garlic, cubed scrambled to taste a # join with yellow rice wine dissolve of douchi # slightly fry # join LaoZao juice, sugar, monosodium glutamate, chicken essence and yeast extract # join ripe rapeseed oil fry 4 5 minutes # packaging , 30 min # 121 high temperature sterilizing # inspection # finished products.4.2 Operating points 4.2 .1The first to understand the characteristics of the materials and in hotpot seasoning in the role.Watercress make soup bittern, and produce color red leaves of spicy yaste and salty, increase the taste fresh fragrance, marinades LaoZao juice is increase fresh pressure xing, to smell, make soup halogen have the taste; to sweet Prickly ash can seasonings increase incense, pressure xing go bad smell. The dry chili increase soup halogen hot and fragrance; Salt set flavour increase incense, raises fresh flavoring, repression bad smell. Monosodium glutamate, yeast extraction content, chicken essence can increase fresh, also yeast extraction of freshness material things, can make the soup high-temperature brine long hot cooking and do not break full-bodied freshness; Ice-sugar go to dry back more than sweet smell; Five spices can go to dry, xing, polishing, etc.; Butter not but can provide hotpot base solid form, like, and vegetable oil also have increase incense role. 4.2.2 Selected raw material is making pot out based. For example, peppers and prickly ash, from season speaking, every year 7 8 months of prickly ash is produced from than October autumn pepper good quality.If the origin see, shaanxi, sichuan rich shun, xichang, yavin produce of MAO Chinese prickly ash, all seems MaWei foot, and aroma good quality. Choose Chinese prickly ash a as gas oil moisten, are choosing colors in grains, Chinese prickly ash, less seed, black branch stem less, flavour is lasting, with her teeth after the break MaWei foot flowers pepper for good. Dry chili from breed points have long chili, two gold,ChaoTianJiao, QiXingJiao and yunnan millet pepper, 2 bars chili color gas well, fragrance is, spicy gentle, while QiXingJiao, small ChaoTianJiao,Meters peppers smaller sharp is made, spicy incomparable, and therefore the pot Material can use both long, and with. Bean sauce to Sichuan PI county recently for authentic, fermented bean production in yongchuan fermented bean vin for good, other should buy good quality raw materials.4.2.3 Problems during the processOne is to stir fry watercress so red shiny hair color oil, fry the nun eat up the watercress flavour, watercress lovesyou easy also make sugar starch stewed turbidity; Stir-fry old watercress, make easily sauce black, tasteBitter. The second is tie-in, all kinds of spices spice must press proportion to join, otherwise, soup easy generation bitter and not suitable for incense flavour, also easy to change sichuan-style hot pot flavor.5 Product quality standard5.1 Sensory indexesDark in orange, with hot pot, distinctive flavor of production product is solid.5.2 Physical and chemical health indexAmino acids nitrogen (%) 0.20Total acid (with lactic acid plan %) 2.0Arsenic (As plan mg/kg) 0.5Lead (Pb plan) in 1.0Aflatoxin B(Ug/kg) 20總酸( 以乳酸計%) 2.0砷( 以As 計mg/kg) 0.5鉛( 以Pb 計) 1.0黃曲霉素B( Ug/kg) 5.0致病菌 不得檢出參考文獻: 1 鄧開榮. 制作重慶火鍋的訣竅在哪里 J . 中國烹飪1991, ( 3) : 23- 25. 2 李樂清 四川火鍋的湯鹵調制 J . 中國烹飪.1989, ( 5) ; 12- 13. 3 沈祖耀. 調味佳品- 火鍋底料 J .中國釀造.1993, ( 6) : 39- 42湖南農業(yè)大學全日制普通本科生畢業(yè)論文(設計)中 期 檢 查 表學 院: 工學院 學生姓名李文韜學 號200940614127年級專業(yè)及班級 2009級機械設計制造及其自動化專業(yè)(1)班指導教師姓名張嵐指導教師職稱副教授論文(設計)題目滾筒式紅薯清洗機設計畢業(yè)論文(設計)工作進度已完成的主要內容尚需解決的主要問題1、滾筒式紅薯清洗機的總體方案的論證2、主要結構的設計3、說明書的部分書寫1、技術參數(shù)的校核2、CAD圖紙的繪制3、說明書的完善、修改指導教師意見 簽 名: 20 年 月 日 檢查小組意見 組長簽名: 20 年 月 日 注:1.此表可用黑色簽字筆填寫,也可打印,但意見欄必須相應責任人親筆填寫。2.此表可從教務處網(wǎng)站下載中心下載。湖南農業(yè)大學全日制普通本科生畢業(yè)論文(設計)開題報告學生姓名李文韜學 號200940614127年級專業(yè)及班級2009級機械設計制造及其自動化(1)班指導教師及職稱張嵐 副教授學 院工學院2013 年 1 月 3 日畢業(yè)論文(設計)題目滾筒式紅薯清洗機設計文獻綜述選題研究意義為適應我國農產品快速發(fā)展需要,農產品清洗設備在我國逐步發(fā)展起來。許多農作物由于生長過程中必然會帶有泥土和農藥,所以清洗農作物的大量勞動是影響我國農作物一個重要問題,如果采用大量人力的話必然導致勞動力資源的浪費,所以生產一種農作物清洗機械對提高生產力具有重要影響。紅薯是非谷類作物中重要的糧食作物之一。紅薯淀粉是紅薯加工的主要產品之一。紅薯淀粉中的紅薯含有多種人體需要的營養(yǎng)物質。每500克紅薯約可產熱能635千卡,含蛋白質(蛋白質食品)11.5克、糖14.5克、脂肪1克、磷100毫克、鈣90毫克、鐵(鐵食品)2克、胡蘿卜素0.5毫克、另含有維生B1、B2、C與尼克酸、亞油(油食品)酸等。其中維生素B1、B2的含量分別比大米高6倍和3倍。特別是紅薯含有豐富的賴氨酸,而大米、面粉恰恰缺乏賴氨酸。但是很多人卻還沒有意識到。它被廣泛應用于食品、醫(yī)藥、紡織、造紙、飼料、鑄造等眾多工業(yè)領域。紅薯淀粉加工業(yè)在我國具有廣闊的前景。紅薯淀粉的生產工藝流程如下:輸送清洗碎解水洗-篩分除沙沉淀(或濃縮)脫水烘干風冷包裝。目前我國已經(jīng)和正在引進的紅薯淀粉加工成套設備有多條。我國的紅薯資源極其豐富,世界各國栽培的很大一部分都起源于我國,因此我國是紅薯生產的巨大基地,也是紅薯貯藏保鮮技術開展的較早的國家之一。紅鈴薯是人民生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是重要的保健食品。紅薯含有豐富的淀粉、膳食纖維、胡蘿卜素、維生素A、B、C、E以及鉀、鐵、銅、硒、鈣等10余種微量元素和亞油酸等,營養(yǎng)價值很高,被營養(yǎng)學家們稱為營養(yǎng)最均衡的保健食品。這些物質能保持血管彈性,對防治老年習慣性便秘十分有效。人民對糧食食品所需量大大減少,而對水果蔬菜等副食品的所需量反而大大增加。于是近幾年紅薯種植業(yè)迅速發(fā)展,競爭也就相對加大了.現(xiàn)在我國已經(jīng)加入了世界貿易組織,這對我國的紅薯產業(yè)又是一大挑戰(zhàn),但激烈的競爭也給紅薯產業(yè)注入了新的活力,現(xiàn)在市面上的果蔬產品,不論是品種的數(shù)量還是質量都有了很大提高。紅薯具地下塊根,塊根紡錘形,外皮土黃色或紫紅色,收獲時沾有泥土,其形狀不規(guī)則,一般呈卵形或扁圓形,紅薯表皮很厚,另外紅薯對溫度很敏感,溫度過高過低都會影響日后淀粉的質量。基于以上原因,對紅薯清洗的要求是很高的,清洗效果直接影響紅薯淀粉的質量,如淀粉的白度和雜質的含量。清洗階段是紅薯預處理階段的一部分,一般步驟如下:從地里新收獲的紅薯先通過干篩篩分,除去雜質及少量尺寸達不到要求的紅薯,存放于日常存放地。紅薯通過一定斜度的清洗溝槽流送,在清洗溝槽中紅薯被水浸泡附著在表面的相當一部分大塊泥土脫落,之后紅薯被送人清洗機內,經(jīng)過2次或3次清洗后,被送人下一道工序或通過傾斜式輸送帶輸送到貯存料斗中備用。國外引進成套設備中清洗工藝采用2臺或3臺板式清洗機串聯(lián)。板式清洗機主要的優(yōu)點是,能滿足設計要求,清洗效果較好,清洗后,可以進行連續(xù)生產;板式清洗機主要的缺點是,整臺設備尺寸較大,結構較復雜,功率較大,耗水量較大,紅薯的破損率較大。對清洗機設計的重點就是在保證具有上述板式清洗機主要優(yōu)點的前提下,能夠使設備尺寸縮小,結構簡單,耗水量少,使紅薯的破損率降低等。清洗是一種與人們生活實踐關系十分密切的勞動,人類從遠古時期就開始從事這種勞動。由于傳統(tǒng)清洗操作簡單,或只是作為一道工序依附于生產過程中,沒有引起廣泛關注。進入21世紀,人們生活已經(jīng)從溫飽階段進入到舒適時代,對于清洗產品越來越多的需求,加速了新產品研發(fā)步伐;同時,制造業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,也促進了清洗設備、清洗劑等企業(yè)的快速進步。民用、工業(yè)兩大清洗領域巨大的市場需求,造就了中國清洗行業(yè)嶄新的未來。清洗可以從不同的角度進行分類,根據(jù)清洗范圍的不同,目前通常將清洗分為民用清洗和工業(yè)清洗兩類。在日常生活中,與個人和家庭生活密切相關的洗滌,包括衣物清洗,人體皮膚,頭發(fā)清洗,家庭用品,房屋的清洗等,通常稱為民用清洗。在工業(yè)生產勞動過程中涉及到的清洗都屬于工業(yè)清洗的范疇。食品工業(yè)。紡織工業(yè)。造紙工業(yè)。印刷工業(yè)石油加工業(yè)。交通運輸業(yè),電力工業(yè)、金屬加工業(yè)、機械工業(yè)汽車制造,儀器儀表,電子工業(yè)、郵電通訊、家用電器、醫(yī)療儀器。光學產品、軍事裝備,航空航天,原子能工業(yè)等都大量應用到清洗技術。清洗機的發(fā)展與清洗機電源的發(fā)展息息相關,而開關型電源發(fā)展又與電力電子開關器件的發(fā)展緊密相連。發(fā)展可以分為三個大的階段;第一個階段是采用電子管放大器;第二個階段是采用晶體管模擬放大器;第三個階段是采用晶體管數(shù)字(開關)放大器。今后,清洗技術的發(fā)展將更加迅速普及,大批的大專院校、科研院所、專業(yè)公司的科技人員將加入清洗技術研究開發(fā)隊伍,一些現(xiàn)在存在的行業(yè)技術問題得到解決,行業(yè)總體技術水平大幅度提高。新技術、新產品大量涌現(xiàn),各種新穎的清洗設備進入市場和人們的日常生活。人們將不再只是依靠經(jīng)驗來清洗各種實用化的計算機軟件將問世;行業(yè)分工更加專業(yè)、細致,行業(yè)標準和技術規(guī)范得到推廣普及,行業(yè)管理規(guī)范有序,清洗行業(yè)的前景無限美好。國內外研究現(xiàn)狀 按照清洗精度的要求不同,主要分為一般工業(yè)清洗,精密工業(yè)清洗和超精密工業(yè)清洗三大類。一般工業(yè)清洗包括車輛,輪船、飛機表面的清洗,一般只能去掉比較粗大的污垢;精密工業(yè)清洗包括各種產品加工生產過程中的清洗,各種材料及設備表面的清洗等,以能夠去除微小的污垢粒子為特點;超精密清洗包括精密工業(yè)生產過程中對機械零件、電子元件,光學部件等的超精密清洗,以清除極微小污垢顆粒為目的。近年來,干式清洗發(fā)展迅速如激光清洗、紫外線清洗、等離子清洗、干冰清洗、真空清洗等。在高,精,尖工業(yè)技術領域得到快速發(fā)展尤其是碳氫真空清洗技術的引入已在形成現(xiàn)在精密五金零件的主要清洗趨勢,是目前替代ODS最好工藝路線。中國清洗行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀我國到處都在建設新的工廠和生產線正在逐步成為“世界加工廠”,巨大的市場需求,為工業(yè)清洗設備制造商和專業(yè)清洗劑生產供應商提供了快速發(fā)展的良機。目前,各種清洗設備生產制造經(jīng)營企業(yè)已達1000多家,其中,超聲波清洗機生產企業(yè)已從20世紀90年代初的幾家發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的200多家,從而形成了一個巨大的產業(yè)清洗行業(yè)概念的首次出現(xiàn),是在1992年由原國家環(huán)保局現(xiàn)國家環(huán)??偩纸M織北京大學等單位編制,并得到國務院批準的中,按照國務院的分工,清洗行業(yè)由原電子工業(yè)部(現(xiàn)信息產業(yè)部)負責。從1992年開始,一些從事清洗設備,清洗劑,清洗技術生產應用和研究的企事業(yè)單位和個人,開始發(fā)起籌備成立一個全國性的清洗行業(yè)組織。1994年5月1 7日,中國洗凈工程技術合作協(xié)會正式得到國家批準,并在民政部登記注冊。參考文獻1 卜炎.機械傳動裝置手冊(上冊). 北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,19992 劉朝儒.機械制圖. 第五版 北京:高等教育出版社,20063 董均果.實用材料手冊. 冶金工業(yè)出版社 機械工業(yè)出版社,20024 吳宗澤.機械設計實用手冊. 化學工業(yè)出版社,20035 紀名剛.機械設計. 第七版 北京:高等教育出版社, 20016 孫恒.機械原理. 第七版 北京:高等教育出版社 20057 無錫輕工業(yè)學院編. 食品工廠機械與設備M. 北京:輕工業(yè)出版社,19868 肖振金.翁明輝.食品工廠機械與設備M. 中國化工出版社,1997,9:47-509 顏庭筠.趙翮翔.談談發(fā)展專用清洗機的一些看法 J .組合機床與自動化加工技術.199010 邱宣懷.機械設計M.高等教育出版社,2005,12:314-37611 劉鴻文.材料力學M.高等教育出版社,2005,4:49-12012 陳旭俊主編.工業(yè)清洗機及清洗技術M.北京:化學工業(yè)出版社13 劉鴻文.材料力學(第三版 上冊).北京:高等教育出版社,199214 卜炎.實用軸承技術手冊M,機械工業(yè)出版社,2004,1:2115 金續(xù)曾.電機電氣控制線路圖冊M,水利電力出版社,200716 趙影.電機與電力拖動M,國防工業(yè)出版社,2006.7注:此表如不夠填寫,可另加頁。研究方案清洗的目的:對作為生產淀粉的原料鮮紅薯或紅薯干片進行清洗 ,是保證淀粉質量的基礎。清洗的越凈 ,淀粉的質量就越好。清洗的內容:主要是清除紅薯外表皮層沾帶的泥沙。紅薯清洗機的工作原理是紅薯在清洗溝槽中被水浸泡后,附著在表面的相當一部分大塊泥土脫落,經(jīng)傳送帶送入滾筒式紅薯清洗機進料口,紅薯經(jīng)進料斗進入到旋轉的滾筒內,滾筒在水池中旋轉,利用紅薯自身的重力的分力作為推進力,實現(xiàn)紅薯的自動推進。紅薯沿滾筒壁向前運動,在運動過程中紅薯不斷被水刷洗,紅薯之間的摩擦、翻轉間的刷洗,紅薯與滾筒壁之間的磨擦,在共同作用下完成紅薯表面的清洗過程。設計的紅薯清洗機主要由滾筒、傳動裝置、噴淋、水箱池、電機、進出料斗、出泥斗等組成,通常稱為滾筒式紅薯清洗機或鼠籠式紅薯清洗機。電機固定在機架上,電動機與減速器直接聯(lián)式,減速器采用的是擺線針輪減速器。滾筒被兩個支座支撐,滾筒的主軸通過金屬滑塊聯(lián)軸器和減速器的輸出軸相聯(lián)。滾筒的主軸與焊接在滾筒內口上的連接件相互固定在一起。電機帶動減速機,清洗滾筒由很多根直徑8mm的圓鋼繞滾筒直徑方向焊接而成,滾筒式紅薯清洗機的動力來自電動機,通過滾筒在水池中旋轉,以達到清洗的目的。在水池的底部設有淤泥清除口,此出泥口也具有聚集淤泥的作用,為清除淤泥帶來很大方便。研究方法:通過市場調查,了解市場上紅薯清洗的需求、優(yōu)點、不足,有傳統(tǒng)工藝和現(xiàn)代化機械生產兩種方式,進行綜合分析選擇。以小組討論方式,相互提出問題,來檢查方案的可行性。通過在圖書館和網(wǎng)上查閱相關資料,進行必要知識的補充和運用。通過所學理論知識進行計算,對紅薯清洗機的傳動方案進行選擇,工作原理和設計方案進行確定,對運動和動力參數(shù)的設計進行計算,對傳動比及動力參數(shù)進行計算,最后完成電氣控制。預期成果:開題報告、畢業(yè)設計論文一篇、CAD設計圖。條件保障:通過大學三年半的學習,掌握了機械制圖、金屬工藝學、互換性與測量技術基礎、機械創(chuàng)新設計、機械制造工藝徐、數(shù)控技術以及CAD、pro-E等軟件的一些基本操作,能獨立完成一些專業(yè)基礎課的課程設計,并能進行一些具有實踐性的分析。在學習生涯中有過實踐,積累了一些經(jīng)驗,能獨立完各門課程設計、實驗操作,已經(jīng)具備進行該設計的基本能力,另校圖書館收藏了許多有關專業(yè)方面的知識書籍和周刊,并且提供了網(wǎng)絡化的機房,可以在中國知網(wǎng)、中國期刊網(wǎng)、維普網(wǎng)、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫、超星數(shù)字圖書館等網(wǎng)站查閱有關資料。進程計劃2013年1月07日前 下達任務書、查閱文獻、開題2013年3月30日前 總體設計、零部件設計、準備中期檢查2013年4月30日前 完成繪圖、編寫設計說明書、提交正稿2013年5月06日前 修改、完善畢業(yè)設計、準備答辯論證小組意見 組長簽名: 20 年 月 日專業(yè)委員會意見專業(yè)委員會主任簽名: 20 年 月 日注:1.此表可用黑色簽字筆填寫,也可打印,但意見欄必須相應責任人親筆填寫。2.此表可從教務處網(wǎng)站下載中心下載。湖南農業(yè)大學全日制普通本科生畢業(yè)論文(設計)開題論證記錄學 院: 工學院 記錄人: 學生姓名李文韜學 號200940614127年級專業(yè)及班級2009級機械設計制造及其自動化專業(yè)(1)班指導教師姓名張嵐指導教師職稱副教授論文(設計)題目滾筒式紅薯清洗機設計論證小組質疑:學生回答簡要記錄:論證小組成員簽名 論證地點: 論證日期:2013 年 1 月 13 日注:此表可從教務處網(wǎng)站下載中心下載。記錄、簽名欄必須用黑色筆手工填寫。1
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