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吉林大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文
中文摘要
隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，城市發(fā)展的步伐也進(jìn)一步加快，高樓大廈層出不窮，而由此帶來的安全隱患也在增大。救生緩降器正是基于減小人們的生命危險(xiǎn)，保障人們的生命安全而產(chǎn)生的。它是一種簡單、安全且實(shí)用的高樓逃生裝置，在火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)人們可使用它迅速脫離危險(xiǎn)。本課題主要測定緩降器的安全及穩(wěn)定性能。它由電動機(jī)、減速器、聯(lián)軸器、電磁離合器、拉力傳感器、測速發(fā)電機(jī)、直流調(diào)速器等部分組成。電機(jī)通過V帶帶動減速器，將速度減小到電磁離合器所需值。減速器通過聯(lián)軸器與電磁離合器相聯(lián)，將動力傳到電磁離合器。電磁離合器上繞有緩降繩，緩降繩向上與緩降盤聯(lián)結(jié)。緩降盤上接拉力傳感器，通過拉力傳感器測定繞過緩降盤的繩的拉力，拉力傳感器與數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)相接，將測得的拉力變化通過數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字量變化，在微機(jī)系統(tǒng)上顯示出來。在電動機(jī)上接有測速發(fā)電機(jī)，測定電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的變化，進(jìn)而求得緩降繩下降速度的變化。當(dāng)拉力在額定值內(nèi)變化的時(shí)候，緩降繩下降速度也在額定值內(nèi)變化，則緩降器符合設(shè)計(jì)要求，可作為逃生裝置安裝在樓道內(nèi)。
關(guān)鍵詞: 電動機(jī); 減速器; 電磁離合器; 拉力傳感器; 采集卡
V
英文摘要
Title The Experiment machine of Descent Rescue Device’s
Performance
Abstract
With the rapidly development of the economy of our country, the development steps of cities are speed upper and upper. Tall buildings emerges one after another incessantly, security hidden danger increases because of this. The Descent Rescue Device appears based on how to reduce people's life danger and how to Safeguards people's life. It is a simple, safely and practical escape device in tall buildings, and could enables people to escape dangers quickly when fire disaster occurs. In this topic, we mainly determine the safe and stable performance of the Descent Rescue Device. The Experiment machine of Descent Rescue Device’s Performance is makes up by electrical machinery, reduction gear, shaft coupling, magnetic clutch, pulling-force sensor, speed-survey generator and direct-current velometer, etc. The electrical machinery impetus the reduction gear through V-belt, and reduces the speed to the need value of the magnetic clutch. The reduction gear joins the magnetic clutch through the shaft coupling, and passes the power to the magnetic clutch. The Descent Rescue Device’s string circles on the magnetic clutch, and the Descent Rescue Device’s string joints upward with the Descent Rescue Device’s tray. The Descent Rescue Device’s tray joints with the pulling-force sensor, and determines the pulling force of the rope which round the Descent Rescue Device’s tray through the pulling-force sensor. The pulling-force sensor joint with the data acquisition system, and transforms the testing pulling force changes into the digital quantity changes through the data acquisition system, and demonstrates it on the microcomputer system. The speed-survey generator joint to the electrical machinery to determine the rotational speed changes of the electrical machinery and furthermore to determine the drop-speed changes of the Descent Rescue Device’s string. When the pulling force changes in the rated value time, the Descent Rescue Device’s string rate of descent also changes in the rated value, then the Descent Rescue Device conforms to the design requirement, and it could be installed in corridors as escaping device.
Keywords: electrical machinery; reduction gear; magnetic clutch; pulling-force sensor; gathering card
目 錄
1 緒論……………………………………………………………………………1
2 總體方案設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………2
3 電動機(jī)的選擇…………………………………………………………………4
3.1 電動機(jī)的選擇………………………………………………………………4
3.2 分配傳動比…………………………………………………………………5
3.3 傳動裝置動力與運(yùn)動參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………6
3.3.1 各軸轉(zhuǎn)速………………………………………………………………6
3.3.2 各軸功率………………………………………………………………6
3.3.3 各軸轉(zhuǎn)矩………………………………………………………………7
4 減速器設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………………8
4.1 圓錐齒輪設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………8
4.2 圓柱齒輪設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………12
4.3 錐齒-圓柱齒輪設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)小結(jié)……………………………………………17
4.3.1 錐齒輪數(shù)據(jù)…………………………………………………………17
4.3.2 圓柱齒輪數(shù)據(jù)………………………………………………………17
4.4 軸、軸承、鍵及聯(lián)軸器型號的選擇………………………………………18
4.4.1 Ⅰ-Ⅰ軸上軸徑、軸承、鍵及油封的確定……………………………18
4.4.1.1 Ⅰ-Ⅰ軸上各軸段直徑…………………………………………18
4.4.1.2 Ⅲ-Ⅳ及Ⅴ-Ⅵ軸段上軸承的確定……………………………18
4.4.1.3 Ⅰ-Ⅱ軸段及Ⅵ-Ⅶ軸段上鍵的確定…………………………19
4.4.1.4 Ⅱ-Ⅲ軸上油封的確定…………………………………………20
4.4.2 Ⅱ-Ⅱ軸上軸徑、軸承、鍵的確定……………………………………20
4.4.3 Ⅲ-Ⅲ軸上軸徑、軸承、鍵及聯(lián)軸器的確定…………………………21
5 其它機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………22
5.1 帶傳動設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………22
5.1.1 帶傳動的類型………………………………………………………22
5.1.2 帶傳動的選擇………………………………………………………22
5.1.3 V帶輪設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………22
5.2 聯(lián)軸器的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………23
5.2.1 聯(lián)軸器的分類………………………………………………………23
5.2.2 聯(lián)軸器的選擇………………………………………………………24
5.3 電磁離合器的選擇………………………………………………………24
5.3.1 電磁離合器的特點(diǎn)…………………………………………………24
5.3.2 電磁離合器的分類…………………………………………………25
5.3.3 各種電磁離合器的使用范圍………………………………………26
5.3.4 電磁離合器在機(jī)械傳動裝置上的應(yīng)用形式………………………28
5.3.5 電磁離合器的選擇…………………………………………………30
5.4 傳感器的選擇……………………………………………………………31
5.4.1 傳感器的分類………………………………………………………31
5.4.2 傳感器的選擇………………………………………………………31
6 數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理……………………………………………………………32
6.1 數(shù)據(jù)采集原理……………………………………………………………32
6.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)……………………………………………………………33
6.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的基本組成…………………………………………33
6.2.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)………………………………………………34
6.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的主要性能指標(biāo)……………………………………35
6.2.4 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式…………………………………………36
6.3 程序控制設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………37
6.4 轉(zhuǎn)速測量…………………………………………………………………40
6.4.1 直流測速發(fā)電機(jī)……………………………………………………41
6.4.2 交流測速發(fā)電機(jī)……………………………………………………42
6.4.3 測速發(fā)電機(jī)的選擇…………………………………………………43
結(jié)論………………………………………………………………………………44
致謝………………………………………………………………………………45
參考文獻(xiàn)…………………………………………………………………………46