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遼寧科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 第 14 頁
Tipper truck unloading system, the new C70 gondola over the problems and solutions
Abstract: In view of the Ministry of Railways C70 new gondola car, a variety of truck dumper system approach to meet the new gondola.
Key words: Dumper; Unloading System
1 Overview
In late 2005, the Ministry of Railways to launch a large number of 70t-class series of goods used to replace the existing truck 60t class. 70t-class vehicles are replacement products, 60t-class vehicle than the truck load to increase 16.7 percent, commercial operating speed by 80km / h to 120km / h, the use of K6 or K5-type bogie, high-strength weathering steel material, 17 chain Coupler, MT-3-type buffer, an increase of derailment, such as automatic braking devices. C70 is a type of gondola car 70t. Dumper truck available for their operating system, there are some problems. In order to protect the railway gondola car, the Ministry of Railways requested Tipper Unloading the existing system to meet the double transformation of C70 gondola car unloading requirements.
2 Problems and solutions
2.1 KFJ Series Tipper Unloading System
2.1.1 Problems
KFJ-2 and KFJ-3 series tipper truck system is my company in 1956 and 1993 a large number of market during the tipper truck systems, mainly trucks Tieniu + platform + the ground picking up hook-axis trucks carts ways, etc. Add heavy tipper trucks slipped by Tipper pushed the machine axis of empty carts will move into the empty cars to Taiwan, or empty lines, cars from the platform to move onto the cart axis will empty into the empty line practices. This tipper truck unloading system, the Ministry of Railways in the research and development over the C70 gondola car, the main problem of the existence of the following:
(1) C70 chains using coupler 17 (see Figure 1), 17 in vertical direction chain coupling does not allow two companies linked to the coupler are relative motion from top to bottom, so that the platform can not pick picking hook hook, can not be achieved tipper trucks to Running between the operations.
(2) C70 uses automatic braking devices, such as derailment of new technologies, pushing empty carts browser push axis position and derail the installation of automatic braking devices to interfere with the location, such as push-axis operation, automatic brake to derail the failure rate of 100%.
(3) unilateral push round, cart-axis device on K5, K6 type bogie formed distorted, causing damage to the vehicle bogie.
2.1.2 solution
2.1.2.1 Add slipped on the heavy vehicle roll-over system modification
Trucks generally use the following three options Add Tipper away, for three different situations, the use of different rehabilitation programs.
(1) "the use of the former led led-style Tieniu hook truck + pick + Running separate platform trucks cart device (push the tread-axis or unilateral) in the form of" Running System:
Cancel picking hook platforms, all heavy vehicles using a push cart device into the dumper truck.
Cart cart to re-transform the browser.
A new cart device: push the shaft to keep the tread on one side or the cart's drive of the device using the new carts (carts can be pushed arms hook or wheel). Heavy vehicles from cars out Tieniu traction devices have been the location of carts, the cart by rope drag devices push into a tipper truck.
(2) "before using Tieniu led led-style truck + trucks cart device (push the tread-axis or unilateral) in the form of" escape the transformation of Vehicle Systems:
Of heavy vehicles using the above cart retrofit methods to solve them.
(3) "before the use of trench-type Tieniu led led truck + removable hook Running separate platform trucks carts + browser (or unilateral push tread-axis) in the form of" escape the transformation of Vehicle Systems:
Replacement of the former trench-style Tieniu cattle led the neck, in its front-end coupler increases. Tieniu traction when a vehicle to re-position after the neck down Tieniu return, after the rise of the coupler by coupler vehicle will push a heavy vehicle into the dumper.
2.1.2.2 of the cart tipper and Vehicle Location System
(1) retaining only the use of reverse two-sided: only block, respectively, the reverse arrangement in the outer orbit, when the wheels have been squeezed to open the wheel after the block on both sides of the spring reset tread wheels.
(2) the use of arms empty cart device: replace the original shaft or push cart wheels on one side of the transmission device of the device and cart for both sides to push the wheel tread of the empty cart browser .
2.1.2.3 on the platform cart to move vehicles and vehicle positioning system transformation
(1) the use of new double-ended block reverse: reverse only blocked the track layout in the two outside wheels have tread when its pressure, the wheel after the reset of the block on both sides of the wheel tread; when the transfer vehicles arrived in Taiwan after the empty line, by putting drag block will only have to lay down their cars.
(2) the use of new devices empty carts: push the shaft or replace the original wheels on one side of the cart's drive of the cart and coupling devices for push to empty the empty cart coupler device.
2.1.2.4 Other
In order to meet the Ministry of Railways on by pressing power requirements of vehicles can be by mechanical pressure into hydraulic car body control pressure on cars and car bodies.
2.2 FZ1-2A-type "C"-shaped truck dumper system
FZ1-2A-type "C"-shaped dumper truck is my company in 1993 after the mass production of a tipper truck systems, mainly allocated car tipper machine + Taiwan + car + relocation practices pusher, as a result of The emergence of C70, the tipper truck and do systems must also improve.
2.2.1 Problems
(1) vehicles used in 17 # coupler, coupling the two vehicles can not be opened on the decline, there is a lower coupler occasional prominent Taiwan. Taiwan occasional locomotive with hook dial located below the tongue of the hook position detection device interference.
(2) as a result of C70 than the existing gondola car (C50 except) are long, according to the original limit the location of the vehicle position in the roll-over machine, the board can not rely on the side columns to hold all the gondola car.
(3) C70 for the bogie center distance 9210mm, according to the original limit switch, to move up cars round table can not be a good round up of the C70 to live right.
(4) increased as a result of load cycling C70 allocated car may not be sufficient traction machine, causing damage to the dumper.
2.2.2 solution
(1) hook extraction platform must be abolished at the scene picked hook platform, the train between each gondola will be picked hook artificial hook pick.
(2) The allocation of vehicles machine hook tongue position detection device will be damaged, must be amended, to be used to switch devices on the way to hook the head of the Department to solve this problem (see Figure 3) (due to the limited field spaces may be different, the connection limit switch Dimension Department in accordance with the actual situation of different adjustments at the scene).
(3) attention to various adjustments onto the scene, the first allocation of cars drive the high hook position, so that the location of the hook the first trip in the entire work to meet the application requirements.
(4) The system must be allocated to car Unloading machine led modify the procedures to avoid the lead car as a result of increased load caused by faulty equipment. Namely: C70 cycling load increased, leading to speed up the process of traction load increases, the need to accelerate the appropriate time in the original basis to accelerate the extension of time, by adjusting the frequency-related parameters. If you need to ensure that the operating efficiency of truck system, then it is necessary to
Allocated car gear machine modification.
(5) no C50 gondola car for the scene, to the position of the limit switch to adjust the length to meet the requirements of C70. Namely: as a result of C70 inside the length of long tipper position detection switch in position to be adjusted. C70 should be located in the middle region tipper limit adjustment.
(6) Note the location of the pusher, round up to meet the requirements of the position, C70 gondola cars in the transfer will depend on the location of the platform, the locomotive should be noted at this time carts with vehicle hook interference between the coupler. In situ switch pusher positioning principles: C70 wheel vehicle to move next to Taiwan only block, and the pusher head and C70 hook hook gondola is not the first conflict. Limit switch such as the original does not meet the requirements, it would take to change. Such as changing the location of the pusher, the pusher should be attention-driven wheel and pinion of the state, not torn off and the occurrence of rail and rack-oriented phenomenon.
(7) tipper truck system is usually the maximum design capacity of 100t, and now has reached the maximum load, the truck tipper tipper system in particular will decrease the life. Of the first tipper, Later Liang, such as replacement of components to meet application requirements.
翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)翻卸新型C70敞車的問題及解決方法
摘 要:針對鐵道部新推出的C70敞車，提出了各種翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)滿足新型敞車的辦法。
關(guān)鍵詞:翻車機(jī)；卸車系統(tǒng)
1 概述
2005 年末, 鐵道部推出了大量的70t 級系列貨車用于替代現(xiàn)有的60t 級貨車。70t 級貨車是更新?lián)Q代產(chǎn)品, 每輛車比60t 級貨車增加載重16.7%, 商業(yè)運行速度由80km/h 提高到120km/h, 采用K6 或K5型轉(zhuǎn)向架, 高強(qiáng)度耐候鋼材質(zhì), 17 號連鎖車鉤, MT-3 型緩沖器, 增加了脫軌自動制動裝置等。C70 是70t 敞車的一種型式。現(xiàn)有的翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)對其作業(yè)均存在一些問題。為了保護(hù)鐵路敞車, 鐵道部要求對現(xiàn)有的翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改造以滿足翻卸C70 敞車的要求。
2 存在的問題及解決方法
2.1 KFJ 系列翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)
2.1.1 存在問題
KFJ- 2 和KFJ- 3 系列翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)是我公司于1956 年～1993 年期間大量投放市場的翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng), 主要采用重車鐵牛+摘鉤平臺+地面推軸式重車推車器等方式將重車溜放入翻車機(jī), 由翻車機(jī)內(nèi)的機(jī)上推軸式空車推車器將空車推入遷車臺或空車線, 由遷車臺上的推軸式推車器將空車推入空車線的作業(yè)方式。這種翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)在翻卸鐵道部研發(fā)的C70敞車時, 主要存在以下問題:
( 1) C70 采用17 號連鎖車鉤( 見圖1) , 17 號連鎖車鉤在垂直方向不允許兩個連掛的車鉤有上下相對運動, 使摘鉤平臺無法摘鉤, 無法實現(xiàn)重車到翻車機(jī)間的溜放作業(yè)。
( 2) C70 采用了脫軌自動制動裝置等新技術(shù), 推軸式空車推車器推送位置與脫軌自動制動裝置安裝位置相干涉, 如推軸作業(yè), 脫軌自動制動裝置的損壞率達(dá)100%。
( 3) 單側(cè)推輪、軸式推車器會對K5、K6 型轉(zhuǎn)向架形成扭曲, 對車輛轉(zhuǎn)向架造成損壞。
2.1.2 解決辦法
2.1.2.1 對重車溜放入翻車機(jī)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改造
重車一般采用以下三種辦法溜放入翻車機(jī), 針對三種不同的情況, 采用的改造方案不同。
( 1) 對“采用前牽式鐵牛牽重車+摘鉤平臺脫鉤溜放+重車推車器( 推軸或單邊踏面) 的形式”溜放系統(tǒng)的改造:
取消摘鉤平臺, 全部采用重車推車器推送1節(jié)重車入翻車機(jī)。
對重車推車器進(jìn)行改造。
采用新型推車器: 保留原推軸或單面踏面的推車器的傳動部分, 采用新型推車裝置( 可采用推車鉤式或雙臂推輪式) 。車列由重車鐵牛牽引, 過推車器位置后, 由鋼絲繩拖動推車器推送一節(jié)重車入翻車機(jī)。
( 2) 對“ 采用前牽式鐵牛牽重車+重車推車器( 推軸或單邊踏面) 的形式”溜車系統(tǒng)的改造:
可采用上述對重車推車器改造的方法加以解決。
( 3) 對“采用地溝前牽式鐵牛牽重車+摘鉤平臺脫鉤溜放+重車推車器( 推軸或單邊踏面) 的形式”溜車系統(tǒng)的改造:
更換地溝前牽式鐵牛的牛脖子, 在其前端加車鉤。當(dāng)鐵牛牽引一節(jié)重車至定位后, 鐵牛落脖返回,抬頭后由其上的車鉤推送車輛車鉤將一節(jié)重車入翻車機(jī)。
2.1.2.2 對翻車機(jī)上推車及車輛定位系統(tǒng)的改造
( 1) 采用雙面反向止擋: 反向止擋分別布置于軌道外側(cè), 過車時車輪將其擠開, 車輪過后, 靠彈簧復(fù)位擋住兩邊車輪的踏面。
( 2) 采用雙臂空車推車器: 換掉原推軸或單面車輪的推車器的傳動部分, 并將推車器換為推送雙面車輪踏面的空車推車器。
2.1.2.3 對遷車臺上的推車及車輛定位系統(tǒng)的改造
( 1) 采用新型雙面反向止擋: 反向止擋布置于軌道的兩個外側(cè), 過車時車輪踏面將其壓下, 車輪過后, 復(fù)位擋住兩邊車輪的踏面; 當(dāng)遷車臺到達(dá)空車線后, 由推桿拖動, 將止擋放下過車。
( 2) 采用新型空車推車器: 換掉原推軸或單面車輪的推車器的傳動部分, 并將推車器換為車鉤推送空車車鉤的空車推車器。
2.1.2.4 其它
為了滿足鐵道部對靠、壓車力的要求, 可以將機(jī)械靠、壓車機(jī)構(gòu)改造為液壓控制的靠車及壓車機(jī)構(gòu)。
2.2 FZ1- 2A 型“C”形翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)
FZ1- 2A 型“C”形翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)是我公司于1993 年后大量生產(chǎn)的一種翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng), 主要采用撥車機(jī)+翻車機(jī)+遷車臺+推車機(jī)的作業(yè)方式,由于C70 的出現(xiàn), 該翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)也必須做相應(yīng)改進(jìn)。
2.2.1 存在的問題
( 1) 車輛采用的17# 車鉤, 兩節(jié)車輛的車鉤不能上下滑開, 車鉤下部有一個突出的托臺。托臺同位于撥車機(jī)車鉤下面的鉤舌位置檢測裝置干涉。
( 2) 由于C70 比現(xiàn)有的敞車( C50 除外) 都長, 按原限位位置, 車輛在翻車機(jī)內(nèi)定位時, 靠板不能托住所有敞車側(cè)柱。
( 3) C70 的轉(zhuǎn)向架中心距為9210mm, 按原限位開關(guān), 遷車臺上的漲輪器不能較好地漲住C70 的輪對。
( 4) 由于C70 單車載重增加, 撥車機(jī)的牽引力可能不足, 對翻車機(jī)造成損壞。
2.2.2 解決辦法
( 1) 有摘鉤平臺的現(xiàn)場必須取消摘鉤平臺, 列車每節(jié)敞車之間的摘鉤一律采用人工摘鉤。
( 2) 由于撥車機(jī)的鉤舌位置其檢測裝置會被撞壞, 必須加以修改, 可采用將開關(guān)裝置放到鉤頭上部的辦法解決這一問題( 見圖3)( 由于各現(xiàn)場的限位可能不同, 限位開關(guān)處的連接尺寸可根據(jù)不同現(xiàn)場的實際情況調(diào)整) 。
( 3) 注意調(diào)整各個現(xiàn)場推、撥車機(jī)鉤頭的高度位置, 使各鉤頭的位置在整個工作行程中滿足使用要求。
( 4) 必須對卸車系統(tǒng)的撥車機(jī)牽車程序進(jìn)行修改,避免由于牽車載荷增大而引起設(shè)備損壞。即:C70單車載重增加, 導(dǎo)致加速過程牽引載荷增大, 需適當(dāng)?shù)卦谠铀贂r間的基礎(chǔ)上延長加速時間, 通過調(diào)整變頻相關(guān)參數(shù)實現(xiàn)。如果需要保證卸車系統(tǒng)的作業(yè)效率, 則有必要對
撥車機(jī)的傳動裝置進(jìn)行改造。
( 5) 對于沒有C50 敞車的現(xiàn)場, 要對各限位開關(guān)位置進(jìn)行調(diào)整, 滿足C70 的長度要求。即: 由于C70 車廂長度長, 翻車機(jī)內(nèi)定位檢測開關(guān)位置需調(diào)整。應(yīng)按C70 定位于翻車機(jī)中間區(qū)域進(jìn)行限位調(diào)整。
( 6) 注意推車機(jī)的位置, 為了滿足漲輪器的位置要求, C70 敞車在遷車臺上的位置將會靠后, 要注意此時推車機(jī)車鉤同車輛車鉤間的干涉問題。推車機(jī)原位開關(guān)定位的原則為: C70 車輪緊挨遷車臺止擋器, 推車機(jī)鉤頭與C70 敞車鉤頭不發(fā)生沖突。如原限位開關(guān)不符合要求, 則需更改。如更改推車機(jī)的位置, 則應(yīng)注意推車機(jī)導(dǎo)向輪及小齒輪的狀態(tài), 不要發(fā)生脫開導(dǎo)向軌及齒條的現(xiàn)象。
( 7) 通常翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)的最大設(shè)計能力為100t,而現(xiàn)在的載荷已達(dá)到最大值, 因此, 翻車機(jī)卸車系統(tǒng)尤其是翻車機(jī)的使用壽命將下降?？蓪Ψ嚈C(jī)的前、后梁等部件進(jìn)行更換, 以滿足使用要求。
Tipper truck unloading system, the new C70 gondola over the problems and solutions
Abstract: In view of the Ministry of Railways C70 new gondola car, a variety of truck dumper system approach to meet the new gondola.
Key words: Dumper; Unloading System
1 Overview
In late 2005, the Ministry of Railways to launch a large number of 70t-class series of goods used to replace the existing truck 60t class. 70t-class vehicles are replacement products, 60t-class vehicle than the truck load to increase 16.7 percent, commercial operating speed by 80km / h to 120km / h, the use of K6 or K5-type bogie, high-strength weathering steel material, 17 chain Coupler, MT-3-type buffer, an increase of derailment, such as automatic braking devices. C70 is a type of gondola car 70t. Dumper truck available for their operating system, there are some problems. In order to protect the railway gondola car, the Ministry of Railways requested Tipper Unloading the existing system to meet the double transformation of C70 gondola car unloading requirements.
2 Problems and solutions
2.1 KFJ Series Tipper Unloading System
2.1.1 Problems
KFJ-2 and KFJ-3 series tipper truck system is my company in 1956 and 1993 a large number of market during the tipper truck systems, mainly trucks Tieniu + platform + the ground picking up hook-axis trucks carts ways, etc. Add heavy tipper trucks slipped by Tipper pushed the machine axis of empty carts will move into the empty cars to Taiwan, or empty lines, cars from the platform to move onto the cart axis will empty into the empty line practices. This tipper truck unloading system, the Ministry of Railways in the research and development over the C70 gondola car, the main problem of the existence of the following:
(1) C70 chains using coupler 17 (see Figure 1), 17 in vertical direction chain coupling does not allow two companies linked to the coupler are relative motion from top to bottom, so that the platform can not pick picking hook hook, can not be achieved tipper trucks to Running between the operations.
(2) C70 uses automatic braking devices, such as derailment of new technologies, pushing empty carts browser push axis position and derail the installation of automatic braking devices to interfere with the location, such as push-axis operation, automatic brake to derail the failure rate of 100%.
(3) unilateral push round, cart-axis device on K5, K6 type bogie formed distorted, causing damage to the vehicle bogie.
2.1.2 solution
2.1.2.1 Add slipped on the heavy vehicle roll-over system modification
Trucks generally use the following three options Add Tipper away, for three different situations, the use of different rehabilitation programs.
(1) "the use of the former led led-style Tieniu hook truck + pick + Running separate platform trucks cart device (push the tread-axis or unilateral) in the form of" Running System:
Cancel picking hook platforms, all heavy vehicles using a push cart device into the dumper truck.
Cart cart to re-transform the browser.
A new cart device: push the shaft to keep the tread on one side or the cart's drive of the device using the new carts (carts can be pushed arms hook or wheel). Heavy vehicles from cars out Tieniu traction devices have been the location of carts, the cart by rope drag devices push into a tipper truck.
(2) "before using Tieniu led led-style truck + trucks cart device (push the tread-axis or unilateral) in the form of" escape the transformation of Vehicle Systems:
Of heavy vehicles using the above cart retrofit methods to solve them.
(3) "before the use of trench-type Tieniu led led truck + removable hook Running separate platform trucks carts + browser (or unilateral push tread-axis) in the form of" escape the transformation of Vehicle Systems:
Replacement of the former trench-style Tieniu cattle led the neck, in its front-end coupler increases. Tieniu traction when a vehicle to re-position after the neck down Tieniu return, after the rise of the coupler by coupler vehicle will push a heavy vehicle into the dumper.
2.1.2.2 of the cart tipper and Vehicle Location System
(1) retaining only the use of reverse two-sided: only block, respectively, the reverse arrangement in the outer orbit, when the wheels have been squeezed to open the wheel after the block on both sides of the spring reset tread wheels.
(2) the use of arms empty cart device: replace the original shaft or push cart wheels on one side of the transmission device of the device and cart for both sides to push the wheel tread of the empty cart browser .
2.1.2.3 on the platform cart to move vehicles and vehicle positioning system transformation
(1) the use of new double-ended block reverse: reverse only blocked the track layout in the two outside wheels have tread when its pressure, the wheel after the reset of the block on both sides of the wheel tread; when the transfer vehicles arrived in Taiwan after the empty line, by putting drag block will only have to lay down their cars.
(2) the use of new devices empty carts: push the shaft or replace the original wheels on one side of the cart's drive of the cart and coupling devices for push to empty the empty cart coupler device.
2.1.2.4 Other
In order to meet the Ministry of Railways on by pressing power requirements of vehicles can be by mechanical pressure into hydraulic car body control pressure on cars and car bodies.
2.2 FZ1-2A-type "C"-shaped truck dumper system
FZ1-2A-type "C"-shaped dumper truck is my company in 1993 after the mass production of a tipper truck systems, mainly allocated car tipper machine + Taiwan + car + relocation practices pusher, as a result of The emergence of C70, the tipper truck and do systems must also improve.
2.2.1 Problems
(1) vehicles used in 17 # coupler, coupling the two vehicles can not be opened on the decline, there is a lower coupler occasional prominent Taiwan. Taiwan occasional locomotive with hook dial located below the tongue of the hook position detection device interference.
(2) as a result of C70 than the existing gondola car (C50 except) are long, according to the original limit the location of the vehicle position in the roll-over machine, the board can not rely on the side columns to hold all the gondola car.
(3) C70 for the bogie center distance 9210mm, according to the original limit switch, to move up cars round table can not be a good round up of the C70 to live right.
(4) increased as a result of load cycling C70 allocated car may not be sufficient traction machine, causing damage to the dumper.
2.2.2 solution
(1) hook extraction platform must be abolished at the scene picked hook platform, the train between each gondola will be picked hook artificial hook pick.
(2) The allocation of vehicles machine hook tongue position detection device will be damaged, must be amended, to be used to switch devices on the way to hook the head of the Department to solve this problem (see Figure 3) (due to the limited field spaces may be different, the connection limit switch Dimension Department in accordance with the actual situation of different adjustments at the scene).
(3) attention to various adjustments onto the scene, the first allocation of cars drive the high hook position, so that the location of the hook the first trip in the entire work to meet the application requirements.
(4) The system must be allocated to car Unloading machine led modify the procedures to avoid the lead car as a result of increased load caused by faulty equipment. Namely: C70 cycling load increased, leading to speed up the process of traction load increases, the need to accelerate the appropriate time in the original basis to accelerate the exte