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南華大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
Study and Improvement for Slice Smoothness in Slicing Machine of Lotus Root
De-yong YANG ,Jian-ping HU , En-zhu WEI , Heng-qun LEI ,and Xiang-ci KONG
Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology
Ministry of Education Jiangsu Province Jiangsu University . Zhenjiang .
Jiangsu Province .P.R.China212013
Tel.: +86-511-8;Fax:+86-511-8
yangdy@163.com
Jinhu Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension Station . Jinhu county
Jiangsu Province .P.R.China 211600
Abstract: Concerning the problem of the low cutting quality and the bevel edge in the piece of lotus root, the reason was analyzed and the method of improvement was to reduce the force in the vertical direction of link to knife. 3D parts and assemblies of cutting mechanism in slicing machine of lotus were created under PRO/E circumstance. Based on virtual prototype technology, the kinematics and dynamics analysis of cutting mechanism was simulated with ADAMS software, the best slice of time that is 0.2s~0.3s was obtained，and the curve of the force in the vertical direction of link to knife was obtained. The vertical force of knife was changed according with the change of the offset distance of crank. Optimization results of the offest distance of crank showed the vertical force in slice time almost is zero when the offset distance of crank is -80mm. Tests show that relative error of thickness of slicing is less than 10% after improved design, which is able to fully meet the technical requirements.
Keywords: lotus root; cutting mechanism; smoothness; optimization
1 Introduction
China is a country of producing lotus toot, lotus root system of semi-finished products of domestic consumption and external demand for exports is relatively large. In order to improve efficiency, reduce labor intensity, the group work, drawing on the principle of the artificial slice based on the design and development of a new type of lotus root slice (Bi Wei and Hu Jianping, 2006). This new type of slice solved easily broken cutting, stick knives, hard to clean up and other issues, but the process appears less smooth cutting, and some have a problem of hypotenuse piece of root. In this paper, analyzing cutting through the course of slice knife, the reasons causing hypotenuse was found, and the corresponding improvement of methods was proposed and was verified by the experiments.
2 Structure of Cutting Mechanism of Slicing Machine
Cutting mechanism of the quality of slice lotus root is the core of the machine, the performance of its direct impact on the quality of slice. Virtual prototyping of cutting mechanism of slice lotus root (Fig.1) was built by using PRO/E, and mechanism diagram of the body is shown in Fig.2. Cutting principle of lotus slicer adopted in the cardiac type of slider-crank mechanism was to add materials inside, which can be stacked several lotus root, lotus root to rely on the upper part of the self and the lower part of the lotus press down, so that it arrives in the material under the surface of the baffle. While slider-crank mechanism was driven by motor, the knife installed on the slider cut lotus root. In the slice-cutting process it was found that parallelism of the surface at both ends of part of piece lotus was not enough, which can not meet the technical requirements for processing.
Fig.1 Virtual prototyping of cutting mechanism
Fig.2 Diagram of cutting mechanism
Study and improvement for slice smoothness in slicing machine of lotus root.
3 The Cause of the Bevel Edge
Uneven thickness and bevel edge of cutting were related with forces on the slice knife in the process of cutting. In accordance with cutting mechanism (Fig.2), without taking into account the friction and weight, the direction of force F of point C was along the link. Force F may be decomposed with a horizontal direction force component and a vertical direction force component. The horizontal force component pushed the knife moving for cutting, but the vertical force component caused the knife moving along the vertical direction. Because of the gap between the slider and the rail, the vertical force component made the blade deforming during the movement, and knife could not move along the horizontal direction to cut lotus root, which caused the emergence of bevel edge. Thus, to reduce or eliminate the vertical force component in the cutting-chip was key to solve the problem of bevel edge and improve the quality of cutting.
When crank speed was 69~90r/min, the horizontal and vertical direction of the force curve of point C connecting link and the blade hinge are shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4 respectively. As can be seen from the chart, with the crank speed improvement the horizontal and vertical direction of the force in point C also increased. The horizontal force changed relatively stable during 0s~0.2s, which was conducive to cutting lotus, but the vertical force increased gradually. The more the vertical force was, the more detrimental to the quality cutting.
Fig.3 Horizontal force of C
Fig.4 Vertical force of C
4 Simulation and Optimization
If improving flatness of the slicer, the structure was optimized to reduce the vertical force component, so as far as possible the level of cutting blade.
When crank speed was 60~90r/min the velocity curve and acceleration curve of the knife center of mass are shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6 respectively. According to the speed curve, the speed of the knife center of mass was relatively large in a period of 0.2s~0.3s. In accordance with the requirements that the knife should have a higher speed during cutting lotus, so this period time was more advantageous to cutting than other terms. According to acceleration curve. When calculates by one cycle, the acceleration value was relatively quite small in the period of time, 0.15s~0.3s compared with other time section. Which indicated that the change of velocity was relatively small, simultaneously the force of inertia was small, and the influence of vibration caused by the force was small to the slicer. Therefore,this period of time, 0.2s~0.3s, to cut root piece was advantageous in enhances the cutting quality of lotus root piece.
Fig.5 Velocity curve of center of mass of knife
Fig.6 Acceleration curve of center of mass of knife
Based on the above analysis, the vertical force component between link and the knife was the main reason for bevel edge. According to the characteristics of slider-crank mechanism, reducing the vertical force on the knife in the period of cutting time by altering crank offest was tried to enhance the quality of the cutting. When crank speed was 60r/min, the crank eccentricity was optimized. When the offest of the crank was 40mm, 20mm, 0mm, -20mm, -40mm, -80mm, -120mm respectively, the mechanism was simulated and the vertical force curves under different crank eccentricity were obtained, as shown in Fig.7.
Fig.7 vertical force curves in different offest
Fig.7 indicates that: When the eccentricity was positive, the vertical force on point C increased gradually in 0.2s~0.3s with the increase of crank oddest: When the eccentricity was negative, the force decreased gradually first and then begun to increase along with -80mm. So when the offest was -80mm, the numerical of the force in 0.2s~0.3s achieved the minimum and the quality of cutting was the best.
When the crank rotated in the other speed, there were the same optimization results. Fig.8 show the curve of vertical force in the offest of 0mm and -80mm when the speed of crank was 80r/min. From the Fig.8 it is obvious that vertical direction of the force of point C in 0.2s~0.3s reduced a lot when the eccentricity is -80mm. Therefore, the vertical force could be reduced by optimizing the slider-crank mechanism of eccentricity.
Fig.8 Vertical force of C
5 Experimental Analysis
The relative error of thickness of lotus root piece reflects the quality of cutting. Which is generally controlled of 10%. There always existed bevel edge phenomenon and the relative error of thickness was about 15% before structural optimization and improvement, which was difficult to meet the technical requirements. The offset in the slider-crank mechanism was optimized, and its structure was improved according to the results of optimization. After improvement cutting test were done in the conditions of crank speed for 80~110r/min and statistical data about the relative error of thickness was shown in Table.1. Four levels were separated in the experiment, three times for each level.
Table 1 Relative error of thickness of slicing
NO
Crank speed (r/min)
80
90
100
110
1
6.6%
6.4%
8.2%
9.5%
2
5.3%
6.1%
8.5%
9.2%
2
6.4%
7.9%
7.9%
9.4%
Average
6.1%
6.8%
8.2%
9.4%
It is derived from Table.1 that the relative error of the thickness of slices could meet the technical indicators when the crank speed was 80~110r/min, especially in the crank rotation speed 80r/min, 90r/min the relative error of thickness was less than 7%,and high quality was achieved.
6 Conclusion
The vertical force component acted on the knife in the process of cutting was the main reason for surface formation and bevel edge, so the key of improving the quality was to reduce the vertical force. Through slice knife and velocity acceleration simulation analysis the best time for slicing, 0.2s~0.3s, was obtained. By optimizing the offset of the crank the vertical force during cutting time was greatly reduced when the offset was -80mm. Experiments were made after improving the design of lotus root slicer, which results showed that by changing the offset of the crank, the relative error of the thickness could fully meet the requirements of less than 10%. So the problem was basically solved that the flatness was not ideal and was the issue of bevel edge.1
References
[1] Wei,B . jianping,H.: Study of lotus root slicing techniques and design of new model,Journal of agricultural mechanization research (12),112-114(2006)(in Chinese)
[2] Enzhu, w.:the simulation and optimization on the new slicing machine of lotus root based on virtual prototype technology .jiangsu university [2008)[in Chinese)
[3] Ce ,Z .:mechanical dynamics .higher education press[1999)
[4]Xiuning ,C.:optimal design of machinery .zhejiang university press[1999)
[5]Liping,C.,yunqing,Z.,weiqun,R.: dynamic analysis of mechanical systems and application Guide ADAMS . Tsinghua university press ,Beijing(2005)
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南華大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
蓮藕切片機(jī)切片平滑度的研究和改進(jìn)
楊德勇 胡建平 韋恩鑄 雷恒群 孔祥次
農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備和現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室
江蘇省教育部 江蘇大學(xué).江蘇.鎮(zhèn)江
中國(guó) 江蘇省 212013
電話 +86-511-8:傳真+86-511-8
yangdy@163.com
金湖農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化技術(shù)推廣站
中國(guó) 江蘇省 211600
摘要：針對(duì)蓮藕切削質(zhì)量不高和蓮藕片的斜邊問(wèn)題，通過(guò)分析原因，改進(jìn)的方法就是減少刀在垂直方向的力。在Pro/E的環(huán)境下創(chuàng)建了蓮藕切片機(jī)的3D零件和裝配體?；谔摂M樣機(jī)技術(shù)，切片機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)分析是在ADAMS軟件模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)下實(shí)現(xiàn)的，獲得最佳的切削時(shí)間為0.2s~0.3s，并且得到了刀在垂直方向上的力的曲線。刀在垂直方向上的力隨著曲柄偏移量的變化而改變。曲柄的偏移量?jī)?yōu)化結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)曲柄的偏移量為-80mm時(shí)，在切削時(shí)間里的垂直方向上的力幾乎為零。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明，經(jīng)過(guò)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)后，切片厚度的相對(duì)誤差小于10％，這是能夠完全滿足技術(shù)要求的。
關(guān)鍵詞：蓮藕；切削機(jī)制；平滑度；優(yōu)化
1前言
中國(guó)是一個(gè)生產(chǎn)蓮藕的大國(guó)，蓮藕半成品系列食品的國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)和外部的出口需求量比較大，為了提高工作效率，減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，設(shè)計(jì)工作組，在借鑒人工切蓮藕片原理的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)新型的切片機(jī)（畢偉，胡建平，2006年）。這種新型的切片機(jī)容易解決切片易斷，粘刀，難清理等問(wèn)題，但過(guò)程中還是出現(xiàn)不平滑切削和一些斜邊的現(xiàn)象。本文通過(guò)對(duì)切削時(shí)刀片的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些造成斜邊現(xiàn)象的原因，并提出了相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)方法，并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)得到了驗(yàn)證。
2 切片機(jī)切削結(jié)構(gòu)原理
蓮藕切片的切削原理是機(jī)器的核心，性能直接影響切片的質(zhì)量。在使用PRO / E平臺(tái)下建立了蓮藕切削原理的虛擬樣機(jī)（圖1），結(jié)構(gòu)本身的原理圖如圖2所示。蓮藕切片機(jī)的切削原理是通過(guò)核心的曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)往里面添加材料，它可以堆疊許多蓮藕，蓮藕依靠自己本身上部和下部的蓮藕，以便它能夠到達(dá)擋板的表面。曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)是由電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，在滑塊上安裝刀片切蓮藕。但在切削過(guò)程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)在一塊蓮藕兩端面的平行度是不足夠的，這不能滿足加工的技術(shù)要求。
圖1 蓮藕切削原理的虛擬樣機(jī)
圖2 切片原理結(jié)構(gòu)圖
切片機(jī)的蓮藕片平滑度的研究和提高。
3 斜邊的原因
厚薄不均勻和斜邊問(wèn)題與刀片在切削過(guò)程中的力量有關(guān)。按照結(jié)構(gòu)原理（圖2），不考慮相互間摩擦和重量的因素，C點(diǎn)的力F的方向是沿鏈接方向。力F可以分解為一個(gè)水平方向的分力和一個(gè)垂直方向的分力。水平分力造成的刀沿垂直方向移動(dòng)切削，但垂直方向上的力造成的刀沿垂直方向移動(dòng)。由于滑塊和導(dǎo)軌之間的差距，垂直分力會(huì)使葉片在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)變形，刀不能沿水平方向切蓮藕，導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)斜邊。因此，解決斜邊的問(wèn)題和提高切削質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵是減少或消除切片時(shí)的垂直分力。
當(dāng)曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速為60~90轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘，C點(diǎn)和刀片連接部位的水平和垂直方向的力曲線如圖3和圖4所示。從圖上可以看出，當(dāng)曲柄的速度提高后，C點(diǎn)水平和垂直方向的力也增加了，相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的水平力有利于切削蓮藕期間，但垂直方向上的力也逐漸增加。越多的垂直方向上的力，越不利于切削的質(zhì)量。
圖3 C點(diǎn)的水平力
圖4 C點(diǎn)的垂直方向上的力
4 仿真和優(yōu)化
如果提高切片的平整度，結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化可以減少垂直分力，所以盡可能的要刀片保持水平。
當(dāng)曲柄速度60~90轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘時(shí)，刀質(zhì)量中心的速度曲線和加速度曲線分別如圖5和圖6所示。根據(jù)速度曲線，在0.2s~0.3s時(shí)間里，刀質(zhì)量中心的速度是比較大的。按照刀應(yīng)該有更高的速度來(lái)切削蓮藕的要求，這期間的時(shí)間切削比其他時(shí)間更有利。根據(jù)加速度曲線，一個(gè)周期計(jì)算，在0.15s~0.3s的時(shí)間里，相比其他的時(shí)間段加速度值是相對(duì)比較小。這表明速度的變化相對(duì)較小，同時(shí)慣性產(chǎn)生的力小，切片機(jī)受力引起的振動(dòng)影響小。因此，在0.2s~0.3s里來(lái)切蓮藕有利于提高蓮藕片的切削質(zhì)量。
圖5 刀片的質(zhì)量中心速度曲線
圖6 刀片的質(zhì)量中心加速度曲線
基于上述分析，刀片和鏈接之間的垂直分力是造成斜邊的主要原因。根據(jù)曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)，在切削時(shí)間段通過(guò)改變曲柄偏移來(lái)減少對(duì)刀垂直方向上的力，從而提高切削質(zhì)量。當(dāng)曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速為60轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘，曲軸偏心率得到了優(yōu)化。當(dāng)曲柄偏移量分別為40mm，20mm，0mm，-20mm, -40mm, -80mm, -120mm時(shí)，在不同的偏移量下模擬其原理，獲得了垂直方向上的力曲線，如圖7所示。
圖7 不同偏移下的垂直方向上的力曲線
圖7表明：偏心率為正值時(shí)，在0.2s~0.3s隨著曲柄偏移量增加，C點(diǎn)的垂直方向上的力逐漸增加；當(dāng)偏心率為負(fù)值時(shí)，隨著曲柄偏移量的增加，力開(kāi)始下降，然后在-80mm處開(kāi)始逐步增加。所以，當(dāng)偏移量為-80mm，力在0.2s~0.3s的數(shù)值降到最低，這時(shí)切削質(zhì)量是最佳的。
當(dāng)曲柄在其他的速度旋轉(zhuǎn)，有相同的優(yōu)化結(jié)果。圖8顯示的是曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速為80轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘、曲軸偏移量為0mm到-80mm時(shí)，垂直方向上的力。從圖8可以看出，當(dāng)偏移量為-80mm時(shí)，C點(diǎn)垂直方向的里在0.2s~0.3s大大減少。因此通過(guò)優(yōu)化曲柄偏移量可以減少垂直方向上的力。
圖8 C點(diǎn)的垂直方向上的力
5 實(shí)驗(yàn)分析
蓮藕片的厚度相對(duì)誤差反映了切削質(zhì)量，一般控制在10％。在結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)前，總是存在斜邊現(xiàn)象，厚度相對(duì)誤差約為15%左右，這是難以滿足的技術(shù)要求。對(duì)曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)的偏移量進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，并根據(jù)優(yōu)化的結(jié)果，它的結(jié)構(gòu)有了一些改進(jìn)。改進(jìn)后的曲柄，在速度的條件為80?110轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘時(shí)，切削試驗(yàn)出來(lái)的厚度相對(duì)誤差的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)如表?1所示。從四個(gè)速度層次進(jìn)行分析實(shí)驗(yàn)，每個(gè)速度層次進(jìn)行三次實(shí)驗(yàn)。
表 1 切片厚度相對(duì)誤差
序號(hào)
曲柄速度(轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘)
80
90
100
110
1
6.6%
6.4%
8.2%
9.5%
2
5.3%
6.1%
8.5%
9.2%
2
6.4%
7.9%
7.9%
9.4%
平均
6.1%
6.8%
8.2%
9.4%
來(lái)自表1的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，當(dāng)曲柄速度為80?110轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘時(shí)，切片厚度相對(duì)誤差能滿足各項(xiàng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)，尤其是當(dāng)曲軸旋轉(zhuǎn)速度為80轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘和90轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘時(shí)，厚度相對(duì)誤差低于7％，達(dá)到了較高的切削質(zhì)量。
6 總結(jié)
切削的過(guò)程中，表面不平整和斜邊的主要原因是作用在刀組件上的垂直分力，因此提高質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵是減小垂直方向上的力。通過(guò)刀片質(zhì)量中心速度和加速度模擬分析曲線得到，0.2s?0.3s是切片的最佳時(shí)間。通過(guò)優(yōu)化曲柄的偏移量，當(dāng)偏移量為-80mm時(shí)，垂直方向上的力在切削時(shí)間大大減小。經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)改進(jìn)蓮藕切片機(jī)后，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，通過(guò)改變曲柄偏移量，厚度相對(duì)誤差不到10％，完全能夠滿足要求。因此，平整度不理想和斜邊問(wèn)題基本解決。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 胡建平.蓮藕切片技術(shù)的學(xué)習(xí)和新的模型設(shè)計(jì). 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究（12）,112~114.2006
[2] 韋恩鑄.基于虛擬樣機(jī)技術(shù)的新型蓮藕切片機(jī)仿真優(yōu)化.江蘇大學(xué),2008
[3] 張 策.機(jī)械動(dòng)力學(xué).高等教育出版社,1999
[4] 陳秀林.機(jī)械優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì).浙江大學(xué)出版社,1999.
[5] 陳麗萍,鄭云群,容微群.機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)分析和應(yīng)用指南ADAMS.北京:清華大學(xué)出版
社,2005
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湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)東方科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）中期檢查表
學(xué) 部： 理工學(xué)部
學(xué)生姓名
楊軻涵
學(xué) 號(hào)
200841914118
年級(jí)專(zhuān)業(yè)及班級(jí)
2008級(jí)機(jī)械制造及其自動(dòng)化一班
指導(dǎo)教師姓名
張嵐
指導(dǎo)教師職稱(chēng)
副教授
畢業(yè)論文題目
紅薯切片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
畢業(yè)論文工作進(jìn)度
已完成的主要內(nèi)容
尚需解決的主要問(wèn)題
完成了所需資料文獻(xiàn)的查找，確定了總體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)方案，完成了總體設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。
1. 總體設(shè)計(jì)的計(jì)算和各零部件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。
2. CAD圖紙的繪制，修改及打印。
3. 對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行校核和修改計(jì)算。
4. 指導(dǎo)老師的審查與修改。
5. 設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)的撰寫(xiě)和定稿。
指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)
指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日
檢查（考核）小組意見(jiàn)
檢查小組組長(zhǎng)簽名： 年 月 日
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湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)東方科技學(xué)院
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）任務(wù)書(shū)
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學(xué)生姓名
楊軻涵
學(xué) 號(hào)
200841914118
年級(jí)專(zhuān)業(yè)及班級(jí)
2008級(jí)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化(1)班
指導(dǎo)教師及職稱(chēng)
張嵐???副教授
學(xué) 部
理工學(xué)部
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20?11?? 年???9? 月??20?? 日
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填 寫(xiě) 說(shuō) 明
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一、畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）任務(wù)書(shū)是學(xué)院根據(jù)已經(jīng)確定的畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目下達(dá)給學(xué)生的一種教學(xué)文件，是學(xué)生在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立從事畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）工作的依據(jù)。此表由指導(dǎo)教師填寫(xiě)。
二、此任務(wù)書(shū)必須針對(duì)每一位學(xué)生，不能多人共用。
三、選題要恰當(dāng)，任務(wù)要明確，難度要適中，份量要合理，使每個(gè)學(xué)生在規(guī)定的時(shí)限內(nèi)，經(jīng)過(guò)自己的努力，可以完成任務(wù)書(shū)規(guī)定的設(shè)計(jì)研究?jī)?nèi)容。
四、任務(wù)書(shū)一經(jīng)下達(dá)，不得隨意更改。
五、各欄填寫(xiě)基本要求。
（一）主要內(nèi)容和要求：
1．工程設(shè)計(jì)類(lèi)選題
明確設(shè)計(jì)具體任務(wù)，設(shè)計(jì)原始條件及主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)；設(shè)計(jì)方案的形成（比較與論證）；該生的側(cè)重點(diǎn)；應(yīng)完成的工作量，如圖紙、譯文及計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用等要求。
2．實(shí)驗(yàn)研究類(lèi)選題
明確選題的來(lái)源，具體任務(wù)與目標(biāo)，國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)的研究現(xiàn)狀及其評(píng)述；該生的研究重點(diǎn)，研究的實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理及實(shí)驗(yàn)方案；計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用及工作量要求，如論文、文獻(xiàn)綜述報(bào)告、譯文等。
3．文法經(jīng)管類(lèi)論文
明確選題的任務(wù)、方向、研究范圍和目標(biāo)；對(duì)相關(guān)的研究歷史和研究現(xiàn)狀簡(jiǎn)要介紹，明確該生的研究重點(diǎn)；要求完成的工作量，如論文、文獻(xiàn)綜述報(bào)告、譯文等。
（二）主要參考文獻(xiàn)與外文資料：
在確定了畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目和明確了要求后，指導(dǎo)教師應(yīng)給學(xué)生提供一些相關(guān)資料和相關(guān)信息，或劃定參考資料的范圍，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生收集反映當(dāng)前研究進(jìn)展的近1－3年參考資料和文獻(xiàn)。外文資料是指導(dǎo)老師根據(jù)選題情況明確學(xué)生需要閱讀或翻譯成中文的外文文獻(xiàn)。
（三）畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）的進(jìn)度安排：
1．設(shè)計(jì)類(lèi)、實(shí)驗(yàn)研究類(lèi)課題
實(shí)習(xí)、調(diào)研、收集資料、方案制定約占總時(shí)間的20%；主體工作，包括設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算、繪制圖紙、實(shí)驗(yàn)及結(jié)果分析等約占總時(shí)間的50%；撰寫(xiě)初稿、修改、定稿約占總時(shí)間的30%。
2．文法經(jīng)管類(lèi)論文
實(shí)習(xí)、調(diào)研、資料收集、歸檔整理、形成提綱約占總時(shí)間的60%；撰寫(xiě)論文初稿，修改、定稿約占總時(shí)間的40%。
六、各欄填寫(xiě)完整、字跡清楚。應(yīng)用黑色簽字筆填寫(xiě)，也可使用打印稿，但簽名欄必須相應(yīng)責(zé)任人親筆簽名。
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畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目
?紅薯切片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
主要內(nèi)容和要求（宋體五號(hào)，行間距單倍行距）
主要內(nèi)容：
1.進(jìn)行原理的分析及方案的比較
2.進(jìn)行總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
3.進(jìn)行傳動(dòng)部分設(shè)計(jì)
4.進(jìn)行執(zhí)行部分設(shè)計(jì)
5.進(jìn)行必要的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算（含動(dòng)力參數(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析、剛度計(jì)算、強(qiáng)度計(jì)算等）
要求：
1.完成至少3張Ａ０圖紙
2.完成約１.５萬(wàn)字的設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)
3.查閱參考文獻(xiàn)２０篇以上
4.圖紙及說(shuō)明書(shū)符合規(guī)范要求并提交電子檔
注：此表如不夠填寫(xiě)，可另加附頁(yè)。
主要參考資料（具體格式以規(guī)范化要求規(guī)定為準(zhǔn)）
[1] 瀝先樣生姜擊皮法 J]．中國(guó)釀造 1993(3)：35-57．45．
[2]彭三河．蓮藕柔性去皮機(jī)的研究[J]．包裝與食品機(jī)槭，2004(6)：1O—II
[3] 孫桓．陳作模機(jī)械匣理[M]．北京：高等教育出版社．2001
[4]沈再春．農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工機(jī)械與設(shè)備[M]．北京：農(nóng)業(yè)出版社．1993．
[5]程凌敏．食品加工機(jī)械[M]．北京：中國(guó)食品出版社，1998．
[6] 沈再春．牡產(chǎn)品加工機(jī)械與設(shè)備．北京：農(nóng)業(yè)出版社，1993～88
[7] 孛昌滿．離心式人參鉀片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)研究收機(jī)與食品機(jī)械 1996(6)：22～2
[8] j Alvarado CJ，Reichelderfer M．AI IC guideline for infection prevention and control in flexible endoscopy[J]．American Journal of Infection Contro1．2000，28：138．
[9]宋烽，董薪，許多朵．手術(shù)器械清洗方法的研究EJ]．中華醫(yī)院感染學(xué)雜志．2006，16(4)：1lO一411．
[10]李云飛，張青，錢(qián)麗麗，等．蔬菜清洗中氣流強(qiáng)化作用研究[J]．農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)，2001，(1)．
[11]高翔，陸兆新，張立奎，等．超聲波氣泡清洗鮮切西洋芹的應(yīng)用研究[J]．食品工業(yè)科技，2003，(11)．
[12]吳玉發(fā)，梁健．水氣浴葉菜清洗機(jī)的應(yīng)用研制[J]．現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備，2004，(4)．
[13]趙長(zhǎng)濱，劉曉娟，林君堂，等．爆氣擾水式蔬菜清洗機(jī)研究設(shè)計(jì)[J]．農(nóng)機(jī)化研究，2008，(8)．
[14]楊紅兵，丁為民，陳坤杰，等．新型蔬菜清洗機(jī)的研制[J]．農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)，2005，(1)．
[15]楊紅兵．新型蔬菜清洗機(jī)的研制與試驗(yàn)研究[D]．南京：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)。2004．
[16]王莉．蔬菜清洗機(jī)不同清洗模式的節(jié)水比較[J]．農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)，2008，(9)．
[17]吳玉發(fā)，梁?。畾庠∪~菜清洗機(jī)的應(yīng)用研制[J]．現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備。2004，(4)． ?
工作進(jìn)度安排（宋體五號(hào)，行間距固定值22磅）
起止日期
主要工作內(nèi)容
2011年9月25日前
選題、下達(dá)任務(wù)書(shū)、查閱文獻(xiàn)、開(kāi)題
2012年2月1日前
總體方案設(shè)計(jì)
2012年3月15日前
結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、零部件設(shè)計(jì)、準(zhǔn)備中期檢查
2012年4月1日前
繪圖、編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)
2012年5月15日前
修改、完善畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)、提交正稿、準(zhǔn)備答辯
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要求完成日期：20??? 年??? 月??? 日??????? 指導(dǎo)教師簽名：??????????????????? ?
接受任務(wù)日期：20??? 年??? 月??? 日；????? 學(xué)生本人簽名：?????? ??????????????
注：簽名欄必須由相應(yīng)責(zé)任人親筆簽名。