一種自動物料分選機結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計【UG】
一種自動物料分選機結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計【UG】,UG,一種,自動,物料,分選,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計
寧波大紅鷹學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯
所在學(xué)院： 機械與電氣工程學(xué)院
班 級： 09機自2班
姓 名： 張馳騁
學(xué) 號： 091280238
指導(dǎo)教師： 朱火美
合作導(dǎo)師：
2012年 9 月 15 日
原文：
題目THE DESIGN OF FRUIT AUTOMATED SORTING SYSTEM
Pingju Ge * , Qiulan Wu, Yongxiang Sun
College of information Science & Engineering, Shandong agricultural university, Taian 271018, China
* Corresponding author, Address: College of information Science & Engineering, Shandong agricultural university, Taian 271018, Shandong, P. R . China, Tel: +86-538-8242497,Email: gepj2@163.com
Abstract
The article introduced the flow and design scheme of fruit automated sorting system, the computer technology and automatic technology is used in agriculture production and management. In this system, the application of some technology, such as the detection and control technology, the digital image processing technology, the computer peripheral device and interface technology,Pattern Recognition technology etc, is used in the fruit automated sorting system.
Keywords:
the fruit, automated sorting system, automation, the digital image processing,Pattern Recognition
1. INTRODUCTION
With the development of modern agriculture & forestry and the enhance of industrial standard, the output of fruits from inner country and abroad are being raised swiftly. On the one hand, the fruits from different district are sold in local area, on the other hand, more plenty of fruits are sold to other district even abroad, and these fruits demand being packed according to different quality. In order to package these fruits, we must to design a fruit automated sorting system, because if these fruits were packed by hand, one the one hand, The task is hard and it is inefficient; on the other hand, it is not meet the demands of modern fruit package, which is need to be Multi-layer or high standard or high sanitary standard.
To advanced country after second war, the automated sorting system is one of the essential equipment of Logistics centre, Distribution Centre, or circulation centre (Huang, 2002), it was used in American and Europe in the 1960s, automated sorting system was used in Japan in 1970s (Xu, 2002). At the present, automated sorting system is also success used in post office besides above field. With the improvement of modernization standard, it is widely used in more and more field. at the present, almost no success using about fruit automated sorting system because it concern a lots of knowledge and subject, at the same time, it demand more higher level of artificial. At present, we can only see the news about Fruitonics company, which have designed a set of fruit automated sorting system.
2. THE HARDWARE DESIGN OF FRUIT AUTOMATED SORTING SYSTEM
In the course of designing of the System, all kinds of factor are comprehensively thought when fruits are sorted. All kinds of technology,such as detection and control technology, the computer peripheral equipment and interface technology, the digital image processing technology and Pattern Recognition technology, is used, at the same time, advanced algorithm is used in the course of pattern identification, and it improve the accurate rate of fruit sorting.
2.1 The hardware consists of fruit automated sorting system
There are all sorts of automated sorting system, and its standard is different. In general, an automated sorting system is consists of seven partition (Xu, 2002), it is: collection Conveyor, feed Conveyor, the Setting Device Of sorting instruction, confluence device, sorting conveyer, sorting and discharge cargo port, computer controller (Fig. 1).
2.2 The consists of hardware and work principles of fruit automated sorting system
The fruit automated sorting system is based of the traditional automated sorting system, but it is different of the traditional automated sorting system, it is an automated sorting system which is high intelligent, real-time, Multi-layer, multi knowledge fields and multi class. This system has several parts (Xu, 2002), such as: conveyer device, the weight sorting device, the appearance sorting device, and the quality sorting device etc. (Fig. 2). The Design of Fruit Automated Sorting System
Fig. 1. The hardware diagram of fruit automated sorting system (1) input conveyer belt;(2) fill cargo conveyer belt; (3) steel conveyer belt; (4) Diverter; (5) output Rollers;(6) sorting port; (7) signal giver; (8) laser ISBN reader; (9) pass detector; (10) magnetismsignal generator; (11) controller; (12) magnetism signal reader; (13) full scale detector.
Fig. 2. The hardware consists of fruit automated sorting system
The function module of the fruit automated sorting system is adapt to its The hardware consist, three module, which is weight sorting module, appearance sorting model and quality sorting module, is concluded in the system. The work principles of the each function module can be explained by the Figure (Fig. 3) (Han, 2004).
Fig. 3. The hardware consists of the weight sorting device
2.2.1 The weight sorting device and its work principle
The fruit which is need to be sorted is transferred to the fruit receive & distribute device by conveyer belt (Fig. 3), the fruit receive & distribute device can detect the weight information of fruit by pressure sensor , the analog weight information from pressure sensor is transferred to digital information by A/D switch (Zhu, 2001), the digital information is sent to the computer, the computer process these information by special software, the result from computer is sent to different passageway by parallel interface (the purpose is to control the controller from fruit receive & distribute device which can control the destination of the fruits), the digital information from parallel interface is convert to the analog signal by D/A switch, the analog signal is magnified by signal amplifier and it is sent to the fruit receive & distribute device in order to control the Flow Direction of the different weight fruit. In order to enter the next sorting step, which is appearance sorting, the fruit from weight sorting device is sent to the appearance sorting device to be sorted by appearance sorting device.
Fig. 4. The hardware consists of the weight sorting device
2.2.2 The appearance sorting device and its work principle
The fruit from weight sorting device is sent to the fruit receive & distribute device of the appearance sorting device (Fig. 4), the high speed camera shoot fruit from various angles, the image from camera be sent to the computer by the video capture card, the computer process the video information by special software, the result from computer is the classified signal of fruit, the signal open the different sorting passageway by parallel interface, and then the signal is magnified by the signal amplifier. In order to control the fruit receive & distribute device, the fruits are sent to the different passageway, and at last the fruit can be sent to the package device.
The image from camera should be processed by edge detection and noise removing (even it must be curve fitting) (Guo, 2004), and then it be matched to different fruit appearance so that the fruit can be sorted by appearance.
2.2.3 The quality sorting device and its work principle
The two devices, which is the quality sorting device and appearance sorting device, have the similar work process (Fig. 4). there are two different: one different is that the high speed camera must be infrared high speed camera; another different is that they have different process software .the software of the quality sorting device can process the fruit appearance quality (such as color and luster, stain etc) and inner quality (it is rot or not) according to the image from camera. It sorts manly according to the image from the infrared high speed camera and the trade standard. In the process of sorting, it makes full use of the digital image processing technology and
Pattern Recognition technology. In general, the first step is to screen according to color and luster and stain, the second step is to screen the inner quality of the fruit according to the infrared image.
3. THE SOFTWARE DESIGN OF FRUIT AUTOMATED SORTING SYSTEM
In the course of the designing software of the System, different development tool should be thought because it refers to the hardware. The software of weight sorting and the computer interface is need to be developed by assembler programming language because it refers to hardware, other software, such as the digital image processing, the serial interface communication etc, can be developed by Vc++, It has several special Control in Vc++ about serial interface communication (Dong, 2005).
4. SUMMARY
The fruit automated sorting system refers to different technology form different subject, such as automatic technology, the software and hardware technology of computer. The digital image processing technology, the artificial intelligence technology etc. the paper introduced the design thought of fruit automated sorting system, the consists of hardware, work principle and the design of software. The final application of the system can bring about large social benefit and economic benefit to agriculture production and management.
REFERENCES
Dong S. L. Application of PLC in the Automatic Sorting System, Machine Tool & Hydraulics,2005, 5:136-147.
Guo X. F., Liu W. T. An Automatic Feather Selecting System by Image Processing, Modern Electronic Technique, 2004, 3:30-33.
Han Y. M., Wang D., Wei H. H., Tan C. Q. The Design of the Parcel Automatic Sorting System,
Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Magazine, 2004, 8:11-12.
Huang Q. M. Automatic Sorting System and Analysis of application prospect, Logistics Technology, 2002, 5:7-15.
Xie L. X., Yang H. Y. Design and Implementation of Statistic and Analysis System for Auto-matic Luggage Sorting System, Computer Engineering (Supplementary Issue), 2005,31:3-6.
Xu S. Y. Automatic Sorting System and the application, Logistics and Material Handling,2002, 3:33-39.
Zhu Z. T. The design of computer auto-sorting system, Computer Engineering and Design,2001, 6:66-88.
譯文：
題目 水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計
Pingju Ge
*, Qiulan Wu, Yongxiang Sun
信息科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)，泰安271018，中國
*通訊作者，地址：信息科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)，山東泰安271018，P. R。中國電話：+86-538-8242497，電子郵件：gepj2@163.com
摘 要
文章介紹了關(guān)于水果自動分選系統(tǒng)的流量與設(shè)計方案，計算機技術(shù)和自動化技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)中的生產(chǎn)和管理。在這個系統(tǒng)中，應(yīng)用程序中的某些技術(shù)，如檢測和控制技術(shù)，數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)，計算機外圍設(shè)備和接口技術(shù)，模式識別技術(shù)等，都會應(yīng)用在自動分揀果實的系統(tǒng)中。
關(guān)鍵詞：
水果，自動分揀系統(tǒng)，自動化，數(shù)字圖像處理，模式識別
1.簡介
隨著時代的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)與林業(yè)的工業(yè)標準提高，國家對于水果輸入和國外的輸出正在迅速提高。一方面，來自不同地區(qū)的水果在當?shù)劁N售，另一方面，大量的水果銷往其他地區(qū)甚至國外，這些水果是根據(jù)它們不同的質(zhì)量而被分類包裝的。為了使這些水果能打包分選分類，我們必須設(shè)計出能自動分揀水果的系統(tǒng)，因為如果這些水果僅是靠手工包裝，一方面，這項工作是很困難，同時效率低下，在另一方面，它不符合現(xiàn)代水果打包分選的要求，如今的水果分選分類是多層次，高標準，高衛(wèi)生標準的。
發(fā)達國家在第二次戰(zhàn)爭后，物流中心、配送中心、流通中心成了自動分揀系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備（黃，2002），美國和歐洲在20世紀60年代就使用了自動分揀系統(tǒng)，而日本也在20世紀70年代開始使用該項系統(tǒng)（徐，2002年）。目前，自動分揀系統(tǒng)是被成功應(yīng)用在郵局。除了上述領(lǐng)域的成功。隨著現(xiàn)代化標準的改進，它也被廣泛用于在越來越多的領(lǐng)域。但現(xiàn)在，幾乎沒有關(guān)于水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的成功使用，因為它涉及到大量的知識和主題，同時，它要求更多更高水平的人工。目前，我們只能看到Fruitonics公司，該公司已設(shè)計了一套水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的消息。
2．水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計
在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的過程中，在對水果進行排序時，應(yīng)該全面考慮各種因素、各種技術(shù)，如檢測和控制技術(shù)，計算機外圍設(shè)備和接口技術(shù)，數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)和模式識別技術(shù)的多項技術(shù)應(yīng)用，在同一時間，配合先進的算法與圖案識別技術(shù)，提高該系統(tǒng)的水果分揀準確率。
2.1關(guān)于水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)備
如今有各種各樣的自動分揀系統(tǒng)，其標準是不同的。在一般情況下，自動分揀系統(tǒng)是由七個分區(qū)組成（徐，2002年），它是：收集輸送機，進料輸送機，設(shè)置設(shè)備的排序指令，匯流設(shè)備，分揀輸送機，分揀和卸貨口，電腦控制器（圖1）。
2.2由硬件和水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的工作原理
水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)是基于傳統(tǒng)的自動分揀系統(tǒng)，但是它又不同的于傳統(tǒng)的自動分揀系統(tǒng)，它是一個是高智能、實時、多層次、多知識領(lǐng)域和多類自動分揀的系統(tǒng)，。此系統(tǒng)具有幾個部分（許，2002），如：輸送器裝置，重量分選裝置，外觀的分揀裝置和質(zhì)量的分揀裝置等（圖2）。各部分的組合設(shè)計構(gòu)成了水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)。
圖1為水果自動分選系統(tǒng)的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)圖：（1）輸入傳送帶;（2）貨物傳送帶;（3）鋼條輸送帶;（4）分流器;（5）輸出輥;（6）排序端口; （7）信號輸入;（8）激光條形碼閱讀器;（9）探測器; （10）磁信號發(fā)生器;（11）控制器;（12）磁信號接收器;（13）滿量程檢測。
圖2為水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的硬件系統(tǒng)
水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的功能模塊是順應(yīng)其硬件的三個模塊所形成的，他們分別是重量分選模塊，外觀排序模型和質(zhì)量排序模塊，根據(jù)系統(tǒng)所給出的結(jié)論，每個功能模塊的工作原理都可以通過下圖進行說明（圖3），（邯，2004年）。
圖3為重量分選設(shè)備的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)
2.2.1重量分選設(shè)備及其工作原理
需要進行分類排序的水果被傳送帶（圖3）傳送至接收與分發(fā)移動設(shè)備上，水果接收與分發(fā)裝置可以檢測由壓力傳感器模擬來的重量信息，水果重量的信息由A / D轉(zhuǎn)換（朱，2001），數(shù)字信息被發(fā)送到計算機，這些信息在計算機中由特殊的軟件計算，計算機所計算的結(jié)果由并行接口被發(fā)送到不同的通道（其目的是通過水果接收和分配裝置對可以控制目標的水果控制器進行控制，），并行接口的數(shù)字信息從由D/ A轉(zhuǎn)換器轉(zhuǎn)換為模擬信號，該模擬信號通過信號放大器被放大，隨后其被發(fā)送水果接收與分配裝置，以控制流向不同重量果實的區(qū)域。為了進入下一個通過其外觀分揀分類階段，水果從重量的分揀裝置輸出被發(fā)送到外觀分揀裝置的分揀裝置區(qū)進行排序。
圖4為重量分選設(shè)備的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)
2.2.2外觀分揀設(shè)備及其工作原理
從重量分選裝置的水果被發(fā)送到接收和分配設(shè)備的外觀分揀裝置（圖4），高速攝像機從不同的角度拍攝水果，相機中的圖像被發(fā)送到計算機的視頻采集卡，計算機通過視頻信息特殊軟件的處理的，根據(jù)計算機的結(jié)果來確定水果的分類信號，該信號通過并行接口打開不同的排序通道，然后，該信息通過信號放大器被放大。根據(jù)控制水果接收與分配裝置，最后水果通過不同的通道被發(fā)送到的封裝設(shè)備。
通過攝像機的圖像邊緣檢測與噪聲消除處理（它必須是曲線擬合）（國，2004年），然后將它相匹配，使水果可按其不同的外觀進行排序分類。
2.2.3質(zhì)量分選裝置其及工作原理
這兩個設(shè)備，也就是質(zhì)量分揀裝置和外觀的分揀裝置，具有相似的工作流程（圖4）。它們有兩點不同：1不同的是，高速攝像機必須為紅外高速攝像頭;另一個不同的是，他們有不同的處理軟件，質(zhì)量分選裝置的軟件可以根據(jù)從相機的圖像處理果實的外觀品質(zhì)（如顏色和光澤，染色等）和內(nèi)在質(zhì)量（其是否為腐爛）。其主要根據(jù)從紅外高速攝像頭獲得的圖像和行業(yè)標準來進行排序。在這個排序過程中，它充分利用了數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)與模式識別技術(shù)。在一般情況下，第一個步驟是，根據(jù)水果的顏色和光澤篩選，第二步驟是根據(jù)紅外圖像以水果的內(nèi)在質(zhì)量進行篩選。
3水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計
在設(shè)計軟件系統(tǒng)的過程中，不同的開發(fā)工具都應(yīng)該被考慮到，因為它們都關(guān)系到系統(tǒng)的硬件。重量排序硬件和計算機的接口都是通過匯編編程語言軟件開發(fā)的，因為它關(guān)系到硬件。其他軟件，如數(shù)字圖像處理，串行接口通信等，可以通過的VC++開發(fā)，在VC++中它有幾個關(guān)于串口通信的特殊控制（東，2005年）。
4總結(jié)
水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)是指通過不同的主體聯(lián)系到不同的技術(shù)形式，如自動化技術(shù)，計算機的軟件和硬件技術(shù)。數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)，人工智能技術(shù)等，本文介紹了水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計思想，包括的硬件，工作原理和軟件設(shè)計。最終的應(yīng)用程序的系統(tǒng)在對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和管理中可以帶來較大的社會效益和經(jīng)濟效益。
參考文獻：
Dong S. L. 在自動分揀系統(tǒng)中PLC的應(yīng)用，機床與液壓，2005，5:136-147
Guo X. F., Liu W. T. 通過圖像處理自動化羽毛選擇系統(tǒng)，，現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)，2004，3:30-33
Han Y. M., Wang D., Wei H. H., Tan C. Q. 包裹自動分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，機電工程雜志，2004，8:11-12
Huang Q. M. 自動分揀系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用前景分析，物流技術(shù)，2002，5:7-15
Xie L. X., Yang H. Y. 自動行李分揀系統(tǒng)，計算機工程（增刊），統(tǒng)計與分析系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)，2005,31:3-6
Xu S. Y. 自動分揀系統(tǒng)及應(yīng)用，物流及物料搬運，2002，3:33-39
Zhu Z. T. 設(shè)計的電腦自動分揀系統(tǒng)，計算機工程與設(shè)計，2001，6:66-88
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