高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 題型突破 專題12 閱讀理解 第4講 詞義猜測題（一）對點特訓(xùn)

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第4講 詞義猜測題（一）詞義猜測題(一)A(2016福建廈門畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)Harper Lee, whose 1961 novel To Kill a Mockingbird on the racial troubles of the American deep south, has died at the age of 89.Until last year, Lee had been something_of_a_onebook_literary_legend. To Kill a Mockingbird sold more than 40 million copies around the world and earned her a Pulitzer prize, remaining a towering presence in American literature. Another novel, Go Set a Watchman, was controversially published in July 2015 as a “sequel” to Mockingbird, though it was later confirmed to be Mockingbirds first draft. But from the moment Mockingbird was published to almost instant success, the author consistently avoided public attention. Lee had lived for several years in a nursing home near the house in which she had grown up in Monroeville, Alabamathe setting for Maycomb of her famous book. Her neighbor for 40 years, Sue Sellers, said, “She was such a private person. All she wanted was privacy, but she didnt get much. There was always somebody following her around.” James Naughtie, BBC Books Editor, commented on the novels of Harper Lee: “I think she stands, particularly among American readers, as someone who shone a light into a very dark place. She was writing at a time when people were beginning to lift the lid on everything in the South which theyd chosen not to understand. That all changed in the 1960s. So I think her status for writing that book in its extraordinarily direct way will remain.” 體裁：記敘文題材：人物故事主題：美國著名作家哈珀李語篇導(dǎo)讀：文章介紹了美國著名女作家哈珀李及其成名作殺死一只知更鳥。1What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean?ALee became successful with stories on American south.BPeople owe Lees success to luck to some degree.CMockingbird makes Lee a wonder in American literature.DMockingbird was a bestseller by selling 40m copies.【解析】C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分后一句可知，這本書的銷量超過4 000萬冊，且一直在美國文學(xué)史上獨占鰲頭。正是這本書使她成為美國文學(xué)史上的一個奇跡，故選C項。2What does “Maycomb” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?AA nursing home. BLees hometown.CA fictional place. DA main character. 【解析】C詞義猜測題。Maycomb之前的setting意為“背景”，再結(jié)合其后的of her famous book可知，Maycomb指的是她那本名著的背景，故選C項。3Which best describes Americans attitude towards racial troubles before the 1960s?ATolerant. BUnconcerned.CSympathetic. DDissatisfied.【解析】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知，在20世紀(jì)60年代之前，美國人對種族問題是不關(guān)心的(unconcerned)，故選B項。tolerant寬容的；容忍的；sympathetic同情的；dissatisfied不滿意的。4What can we learn from the text?ALee based all her stories on her life.BLee had to avoid being followed by her fans.CLee wrote Go Set A Watchman before Mockingbird.DLee lived in the house where she grew up for the whole life.【解析】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句可知，2015年出版的小說設(shè)立守望者是知更鳥的初稿，故它是在知更鳥之前寫的，故選C項。BWalt Disney World is banning selfiesticks from its theme parks because “selfiesticks have become a growing safety concern for both our guests and cast，” Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said.Under a new policy, which takes effect Tuesday, the poles wont make it past the bag check at any Disney World theme park. The sticks also wont be allowed in Disney World water parks or Disney Quest, a gaming attraction at Downtown Disney. Selfiesticks will also become forbidden at Disneyland Resort in California on June 30. The prohibition begins at Disneys parks in Paris and Hong Kong on July 1.Guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks entrances. They will have an option of turning in their selfiesticks for pickup later or to go back to their cars or hotel rooms to keep them. Visitors will be told of the policy in locations such as the parking lots and at the resorts hotels. The prohibition will be added to the park rules post on Disney Worlds website.The issue has been building at Disney. Previously, the sticks were prohibited from its rides, and “no selfiesticks” signs were at select rides, such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at Magic Kingdom. Cast members have given oral warnings to rule breakers.Selfiestick users put smartphones and cameras on the ends of poles to extend their reach, frequently capturing themepark moments through selfportraits. The tools have been banned in public placesincluding some museums and stadiumsworldwide for obstructing views or causing safety issues.Disney World already prohibits items such as skateboards, inline skates, wagon, folding chairs and glass containers, according to its official website, which also lists “other items that we determine may be harmful.”Universal Orlando has banned selfiesticks and other loose items from certain thrill rides at Universal Studios and Islands of Adventure theme parks, but it has not set parkwide bans.體裁：說明文題材：介紹說明主題：禁用自拍桿語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文主要介紹了迪斯尼公司要求各大主題樂園禁用自拍桿。5Which of the following objects has already been banned in Disney theme parks before the new policy takes effect?ASmart phones.BFolding chairs.CCameras.DContainers.【解析】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，在新政策實施以前，迪斯尼樂園就已經(jīng)禁止折疊椅之類的物品進(jìn)入主題公園，故選B項。6According to the ban, if the guests are found carrying selfiesticks during the routine bagcheck, they may _.Aabandon them at the bag checkBget fined and pick them up laterCturn them in to the policeDput them in the trunk of their cars【解析】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句可知，如果例行檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)自拍桿，游客們可以選擇先上交之后再取回、放回自己的車?yán)锘蚍呕鼐频攴块g，故選D項。7The underlined word in the fifth paragraph probably means _.AchangingBbroadeningCblockingDnarrowing【解析】C詞義猜測題。文章第五段第二句解釋自拍桿為什么在某些場合被禁用，把各選項單詞代入替換，可推知可能是造成安全問題或者阻擋(block)視線。change改變；broaden拓展；narrow(使)變窄。8According to the passage, it can be inferred that _.Athe ban on the use of selfiesticks is aimed at ensuring securityBpreviously guests can take photos with selfiesticks on thrill ridesCthe staff in Disneyland will inform visitors of the ban only orallyDUniversal Orlando has banned selfiesticks parkwide【解析】A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，迪斯尼公司決定禁用自拍桿是為了保證游客的安全，故選A項。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句可知B項錯誤；C項錯在only orally；根據(jù)文章最后一段中的but it has not set parkwide bans可知D項錯誤。CPacing and PausingSara tried to befriend her old friend Steves new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didnt hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.Conversation is a turntaking game. When our habits are similar, theres no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before Im finished or fail to take your turn when Im finished. Thats what was happening with Betty and Sara.It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping(思維定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break inand never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.Thats why slight differences in conversational styletiny little things like microseconds of pausecan have a great effect on ones life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problemseven in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.體裁：說明文題材：社會文化主題：文化差異導(dǎo)致說話方式不同語篇導(dǎo)讀：不同國家和地區(qū)的人談話時停頓時間的長短有著明顯的不同，于是便產(chǎn)生了談話時相互“答不上話”的情況，這不但會使人們產(chǎn)生誤解，更嚴(yán)重的還會影響一個人的工作和生活。9What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?ABetty was talkative.BBetty was an interrupter.CBetty did not take her turn.DBetty paid no attention to Sara.【解析】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句并結(jié)合第三段內(nèi)容可知，C項正確由于Betty談話時停頓時間太長，Sara感覺她總是接不上話。10According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?AAmericans.BIsraelis.CThe British.DThe Finns.【解析】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中幾個不同國家的人談話時停頓時間的比較可知，B項正確，即以色列人談話時停頓時間最短。11We can learn from the passage that _.Acommunication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacingBwomen are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the USCones inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimesDone should receive training to build up ones confidence【解析】C推理判斷題。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，因為文化的差異，不同國家和地區(qū)的人談話時停頓時間的長短不同。有些地區(qū)的人由于說話時停頓時間太長，而讓人感覺他們不健談，故C項與原文內(nèi)容相符。12The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means _.Abeing willing to speak ones mindBbeing able to increase ones powerCbeing ready to make ones own judgmentDbeing quick to express ones ideas confidently【解析】D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知這位女士因為在工作上不健談(其實是她講話時停頓時間長)而被告知去參加培訓(xùn)，可推知她參加的應(yīng)該是能夠讓她自信地表達(dá)想法的培訓(xùn)，故D項正確。