人教版高一英語(yǔ)必修一Unit知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及練習(xí).doc

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. —－可編輯修改，可打印—— 別找了你想要的都有！ 精品教育資料 ——全冊(cè)教案，，試卷，教學(xué)課件，教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)等一站式服務(wù)—— 全力滿足教學(xué)需求，真實(shí)規(guī)劃教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié) 最新全面教學(xué)資源，打造完美教學(xué)模式 Unit2 English around the world official adj 官方的．正式的.公務(wù)的 voyage n 航行．航海 conquer 征服.占領(lǐng) because of 因?yàn)?come up 走近，上來(lái)．提出 native 本國(guó)的；本地的 n 本地人．本國(guó)人 actually實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 base根據(jù) n 基部；基地，墓礎(chǔ) at present 現(xiàn)在；目前 gradual 逐漸的.逐步的 enrich 使富裕；充實(shí)，改善vocabulary 詞匯.詞匯量.詞表 make use of 利用 使用 latter 較后的后平的；（兩者中）后者的 . fluent 流利的.流暢的 frequent adj 頻繁的．常見的 usage 使用.用法.詞語(yǔ)慣用法command命令；指令；掌握 request請(qǐng)求；要求 dialect 方言 expression 詞語(yǔ)；表示表達(dá) play a part ( in ）扮演個(gè)角色：參與 2.短語(yǔ)歸納 1. 不只有一種英語(yǔ) more than one kind of English 2. 在一些重要方面 in some important ways 3. 彼此不同 be different from one another 4. 與現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)不同 be different from modern / present day English 5. 起著的重要作用 play an important role / part 6. 起著越來(lái)越重要的作用 play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role 7. 因?yàn)樗厥獾淖饔?because of its special role 8. 國(guó)際語(yǔ)言 an international language 9. 在16世紀(jì)末 at the end of the 16 th century 10. 在17世紀(jì)初 at the beginning of the 17 th century 11. 在20世紀(jì)前期 in the early 20 th century 12. 即使 even if / even though 13. 以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ) be based on German 14. 使用更大的詞匯量 make use of a wider vocabulary 15. 它自己的特色 its own identity 16. 眾多講英語(yǔ)的人 a very large number of English speakers 17. 學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù) the number of people learning English 18. 信不信由你 believe it or not 19. 講最好的英語(yǔ) speak excellent English 20. 從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方 move from one place to another 21. 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects 22. 國(guó)際組織 an international organization 23. 辨認(rèn)出他的口音 recognize his accent 24. 發(fā)出命令 give commands 25. 提出客氣的請(qǐng)求 make a polite request 要點(diǎn)提煉 Section A 重要詞語(yǔ)辨析 1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour 【解釋】 voyage: 去國(guó)外或較遠(yuǎn)地方的海上旅行 Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942. journey: 指較遠(yuǎn)的從一地到另一地旅行，距離較遠(yuǎn)，多指陸地 They will make a journey to Beijing by train. travel: 一系列的旅程，泛指旅游 We had six days’ travel by car. trip: (短途)旅行 The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall. tour: 為了公務(wù)、娛樂(lè)或教育參觀多處名勝的旅行 We will make a tour of Hainan next week. 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow. 2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months. 3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend. 4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle. 1. recognize/realize/know (1)recognize 指原來(lái)很熟悉，經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的間隔或別的原因后又重新認(rèn)出來(lái)。 (2)realize 強(qiáng)調(diào)在經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)過(guò)程后的了解。 (3)know 是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，指互相間十分熟悉、十分了解 [應(yīng)用1](1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health. (2)I've ________________ Tom for years. (3)I __________ him as soon as he came into the room 2. such as/for example/that is/and so on (1)such as 用于列舉事物時(shí)常放在所列舉事物與前面的名詞之間，且其后不用逗號(hào)，直接跟所列舉的事物，可與 like互換。它所列舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等同于前面所提的事物的總和，否則就用 that is或 namely。 (2)for example 主要用于舉例說(shuō)明，其前后多用符號(hào)隔開。其位置比較靈活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列舉的事物之前)。 (3)that is 相當(dāng)于 namely，它所列舉的事物的總量等于前面所提到的事物的總和。 (4)and so on 對(duì)幾個(gè)事物進(jìn)行列舉時(shí)，在說(shuō)了其中的幾個(gè)以后，用．..and so on進(jìn)行概括，說(shuō)明還有例子，但不一一列出了。 [練習(xí)](1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________， Chinese, maths, English and P．E. (2)Overcooking(烹飪過(guò)度), ____________， destroys many nutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)素). (3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German. (4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag. 4 a number of / the number of 【解釋】 a number of意思是“若干；許多” the number of意思是“……的數(shù)目” 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly. 2). ____________ books in the market are in English. 重要詞性變化 1. actual adj. 實(shí)際的 actually adv. 實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上 2. base n. 基地；基礎(chǔ) base v. 以……為根據(jù) basic adj. 基本的 3. east n. 東方 eastern adj. 東方的；東部的 ? 【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1) What did he _________ say? (actual) 2) The __________ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual) 3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _________. (base) 4）She used her family's history as a _________ for her novel. (base) 5）This novel is ________ on historical facts. (base) 6）He is interested in ________ customs. (determine) 7) The wind is blowing from the __________. (determine) 重點(diǎn)詞匯，短語(yǔ)，句式 1.official adj.官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的 You will have to get official permission to cut down the trees.你得獲得官方批準(zhǔn)才可以砍伐這些樹。 There will be an official inquiry into the matter.將對(duì)這件事進(jìn)行正式調(diào)查。 【拓展】official 或 officer兩者都有官員的意思，但是所指不同 1， official常指政府官員或行政官員 2， officer常指身特定制服的官員，如軍官或者警官等。 練習(xí)：我爸爸是軍官，而他爸爸是政府官員。 My father is an________ in the army, while his father is an________ in the government. 答案：officer official 3. native adj. 本國(guó)的；本土的 n.本地人，本國(guó)人 The women are native people.這些婦女是本地人。 Finally, she returned to her native land.她最后返回了她的祖國(guó)。 The panda is a native of China.熊貓?jiān)a(chǎn)于中國(guó)。 【注意】native 做形容詞用時(shí)，只能做前置定語(yǔ)。 be native to 意為（動(dòng)植物）是…特有的，原產(chǎn)于… The tiger is native to India, 這種虎產(chǎn)于印度。 4. actually adv. 實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上 （相當(dāng)于in fact/ as a matter of fact） He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous. 他看起來(lái)很鎮(zhèn)定，實(shí)際上卻非常緊張。 Perhaps I will stay up and watch the film. Actually, I think I will just go to bed. 或許我會(huì)熬夜看這部電影，不過(guò)我想我還是去睡覺吧。 【其他】actually adv.居然；竟然 He actually expected me to pay for the ticket.他竟然指望我給他付票錢。 actual adj. 實(shí)在的；實(shí)際的；實(shí)際上；確實(shí) What were his actual words? 他到底怎么說(shuō)的？ 5. base vt. 以…為基礎(chǔ) n.基礎(chǔ)；基地； I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.我把希望寄托在我們昨天的得到的好消息上。 This provides a good base for the development of new techniques. 這為新技術(shù)的發(fā)展奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ)。 base sth on sth 以某事物為另一事物的根據(jù)或基礎(chǔ) be based on 以…為基礎(chǔ) on the base of… 以…為基礎(chǔ) an air base 空軍基地 The story is based on facts.這個(gè)故事是以事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的。 One should always base one’s opinions on facts.一個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該以事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)。 6．gradual adj.逐漸的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐漸地，逐步地 Things gradually improved. 情況已經(jīng)漸漸地改善。 gradual adj.逐漸的，逐步的 This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother. 他對(duì)待繼母的態(tài)度正在逐漸改變。 7. latter adj. 較后的；后半的；后者的 She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life. 在她的后半生，她過(guò)的很辛苦。 【注意】the latter (已提到的兩者中的)后者，通常與the former(前者)相對(duì)應(yīng) They are two choices for us. Many boys support the farmer, but I favour the latter. 注意區(qū)分later 后來(lái) 8. frequent adj. 頻繁的；常見的 His visit became less frequent as time passed. 隨時(shí)時(shí)間的流逝，他漸漸不常登門了。 frequently adv. 常常；頻繁的 Buses run frequently from the city to the airport. 公共汽車不斷的從城市開往機(jī)場(chǎng)。 詞組1. because of 因?yàn)?；由? [典例]1). They are here because of us. 他們是因?yàn)槲覀儊?lái)這里的。 [短語(yǔ)歸納] because of 是復(fù)合介詞。 because 是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 [練習(xí)] ⑴ He came late to school again _______ he got up too late. ⑵ The girl cried __________ what the teacher said. ⑶ we have to cancel our trip _________ the bad weather. because of的近義詞組 thanks to 因?yàn)?；由? as a result of 由于…的原因 by reason of 因?yàn)? due to 因?yàn)?，由? owing to 歸功于… Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.多虧了他的幫助，我按時(shí)完后了任務(wù)。 I had to stay at home due to the weather.由于天氣原因我只能呆在家里。 2.come up走近；上來(lái)；提出 [典例] 1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告訴他去警察局的路。 3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題在會(huì)議上一定會(huì)被提出來(lái)的。 5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕發(fā)生了什么急事。 [短語(yǔ)歸納] come across邂逅 偶遇 come about發(fā)生 come at向…撲來(lái),攻擊 come from 來(lái)自 come out 出版;開花；結(jié)果是 come up with想出 come true實(shí)現(xiàn) come down下來(lái)；傳承 [練習(xí)] 用come構(gòu)成的詞組填空。 1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him. 2). The magazine __________ once a month. 3). I wish you can ___________ to England on your holiday. 4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy. 5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning. 3. at present 現(xiàn)在，目前 1. present n. 禮物adj. 在場(chǎng)的；目前的vt. 贈(zèng)送 [典例] 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.這輛山地自行車是父母給我的生日禮物。 2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)法幫助你。 3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情況，我建議你等等。 I am afraid I can’t help you just at present ---I am too basy.恐怕現(xiàn)在我?guī)筒涣四?，我太忙了? [重點(diǎn)用法] at present=at the present time=now 目前，現(xiàn)在 be present at 出席；到場(chǎng)(反義： be absent from) present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送給某人 【注意】present作為adj.“現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的”講時(shí)，常做前置定語(yǔ)；而做“出席的，到場(chǎng)的”講時(shí)，常做后置定語(yǔ)。 He doesn’t know how to deal with the present problem. 他不知道則呢么應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前的局勢(shì)。 The people present at the meeting are advanced workers. 出席會(huì)議的人都是先進(jìn)工作者。 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 所有（那些）在場(chǎng)者一眼就看出那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 2). 這本書是哥哥贈(zèng)送給我的。 答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 2). This book was a present from my brother. 4. make use of 利用；使用 [典例] 1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你應(yīng)該好好利用機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。use前可加形容詞，表示不同程度的利用。 [短語(yǔ)歸納] make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make the best/most of 充分利用 use up 用盡，耗盡 You are not making the best (use) of your talents.你并沒(méi)有充分發(fā)揮你的才能。 [練習(xí)] 1). 要充分利用一切機(jī)會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。2). 我們要很好地發(fā)揮她的才能。 答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English. 2). We will make good use of her talents. 5. such as例如；像這種的 1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些詩(shī)人, 如濟(jì)慈和雪萊, 寫的是浪漫主義的詩(shī)歌 2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 蘭花和報(bào)春花之類的野花越來(lái)越少了 [練習(xí)] 用such as或for example填空 1). I like drinks __________ tea and soda. 2). The report is incomplete; it doesn’t include sales in France, ________. 句型 1.Why not go by underground? 為什么不坐地鐵去呢？ Why not +V原 句式，表示提出建議或?qū)δ承┙ㄗh表示同意。 =why don’t you/we do…? 2. Which country do you think has the most English learners? [解釋]本句包含一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，疑問(wèn)詞+do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose/suggest +陳述句 此結(jié)構(gòu)又稱為雙重疑問(wèn)句，用來(lái)征詢對(duì)某一觀點(diǎn)的看法，判斷，認(rèn)識(shí)，猜測(cè)和請(qǐng)求，表疑問(wèn)的插入語(yǔ)又起到主句的作用，所以其后一定要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 注意：如果插入語(yǔ)是do you suggest時(shí)，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用should+動(dòng)詞原形 What time?do?you?expect we will?come and pick you up？你希望我們幾點(diǎn)來(lái)接你？ What?do?you?suppose?he?will?do after he hears about the good news？ 你認(rèn)為他聽到那個(gè)好消息后會(huì)做什么呢？ Why?do?you?think?their team could win the football match? 你認(rèn)為他們隊(duì)為什么能贏得那場(chǎng)足球賽呢？ 3. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.如今說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人比以往任何時(shí)候都多，他們有的是作為第一語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)，有的是作為第二語(yǔ)言或者外語(yǔ)。 [解釋] than ever before 常與比較級(jí)連用，意為“比以往任何時(shí)候更”。如： The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星點(diǎn)綴在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 簡(jiǎn)看起來(lái)比以前漂亮多了。 2). 雨下得比以前更大。 答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before. 2). It's raining harder than ever before. 【拓展】：(1)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞還有 although, though, no matter when/what..., whenever, wherever, however 等等。 (2)as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但要把其表語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)前置，且前置的單數(shù)名詞不可以加冠詞。 ①Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited. 即使你們?cè)诠ぷ髦腥〉昧司薮蟮某煽?jī)，也不應(yīng)該自滿。 ②Whatever you do, do it well. 不管你做什么，把它做好。 ③However hot it is, he won't take off his hat. 不管多熱，他都不摘下帽子。 ④Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness. 盡管她是個(gè)女孩，她敢一個(gè)人走夜路。 [即境活用1]　(2007·浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______they knew it to be valuable. A．a(chǎn)s if B．now that C．even though D．so that 4.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同，也可以互相理解。 句中even if 是連接詞組，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“即使；盡管”相當(dāng)于even though We wouldn’t buy the car even if we could afford it. 即使我們付得起這筆錢，也不會(huì)買這輛車。 【注意】此句型主將從現(xiàn)的用法 We will visit the museum even though/if it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨我們也要去參觀這家博物館。 【辨析】even though/if 和 as if/though even though/if 表示“盡管；即使”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 as if/though 表示“好像”引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句，其從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，若所陳述的情況很有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 Even if he is poor, she loves him . Tom looks as if he were an artist. 5.At first the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English today.首先，大約在公園450年到1150年間，英國(guó)人所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)與今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)很不不一樣。 本句中兩個(gè)English后面都跟了過(guò)去分詞spoken做后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which/that is/was spoken,過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成。 Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun? The building built there is our lab. 【注意】過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，一般位于其修飾的名詞前；分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，一般位于其修飾你的名詞之后，被過(guò)去分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，該分詞與被修飾詞之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 The stolen car was found by the police last week. 警察上周找到了那輛失竊的車。 Section B重點(diǎn)詞匯，短語(yǔ)，句式 1. usage n.使用；用法；詞語(yǔ)慣用法 It’s not a word in common usage.這不是一個(gè)常用詞。 Car usage is predicted to increase. 汽車的使用頻率預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)增長(zhǎng)。 【辨析】use和usage 作為名詞，兩者都有“使用”之意，但是用法略有不同。 Usage做“用法”講的時(shí)候，側(cè)重某物的使用方法或慣用法，做“使用，利用”的時(shí)候，側(cè)重于事物的使用頻率。 use做名詞用時(shí)，意為“用，使用，得到利用”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是某物“被使用的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)”。 current English usage 當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)慣用法 land usage 土地的利用 I am not sure that is the most valuable use of my time. 我不能肯定我的時(shí)間這樣安排是最有價(jià)值的。 【例題】I don’t know the _____ of the world. The church was built in the twelfth century and is still in _____ today. usage use 2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握 1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名軍官命令士兵們開火。 [重點(diǎn)用法] command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 be under the command of 由…指揮,由…控制 in command of 控制… be at one’s command 聽任某人支配 have / take command of… 指揮… [特別提醒] command后接that從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 should(not)+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略 The general commanded that we (should) attack at once. 將軍命令我們立即進(jìn)攻。 [練習(xí)] 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life. 2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command. 3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation. 答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of 3. request n.& v. 請(qǐng)求；要求 [典例] 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的請(qǐng)求能夠獲準(zhǔn)。. 2). I requested him to help. 我請(qǐng)求他幫忙。 [重點(diǎn)用法] at the request of sb = at one’s request 按照某人的要求/請(qǐng)求 in request 有需求，受歡迎 by request 依照請(qǐng)求，應(yīng)邀 request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事(被動(dòng)形式：sb be requested to do sth) request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事 request做動(dòng)詞，如后接從句作賓語(yǔ)，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)部分要用should(not)+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略 She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision until the next meeting. 她要求在下次開會(huì)之前不要告訴任何人她的決定。 【擴(kuò)展】像request /command一樣，其后的名詞性從句的謂語(yǔ)用“(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形”的常用詞有： 一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持(insist)”； 兩個(gè)“命令(order，command)”； 三個(gè)“建議(suggest，advise，propose)”； 四個(gè)“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”； ⑴ He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation. ⑵ He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation. ⑶ The passengers _____________(request) to show their passports. [練習(xí)] 中譯英。 1). 我是（特別）應(yīng)你要求而來(lái)。 2). 請(qǐng)不要吸煙。 答案: 1). I came at your (special) request. 2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke. 【辨析】 ask request beg 三者都有“要求”的意思，但是用法略有不同。 (1)若要某人做某事ask最通俗，最口語(yǔ)化。 (2)request主要用于較正式的講話和文字中，常用于通告中，多用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (3)beg是以謙恭的姿態(tài)要求給予幫助，可以為“祈求” I asked her to shut the window. Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke in the car. 乘客請(qǐng)勿在車廂內(nèi)吸煙。 He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him. 重點(diǎn)句型：It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native English speaker.對(duì)于中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，把英語(yǔ)講的像以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人那樣是很不容易的。 本句中含有一個(gè)It+be+形容詞/名詞+for sb to do sth 句型。其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式，介詞for用來(lái)引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 It is not easy for her to solve the problem by herself. 對(duì)于她而言，獨(dú)自解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題不容易。 It will be a mistake for you not to do your homework. 不做作業(yè)對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 【注意】該句式中的形容詞若是kind, good, nice, clever, silly, wrong, right, stupid, rude, impolite, 等表示主觀情感和態(tài)度的詞時(shí)，后面的介詞我們用of而不用for。 It is kind of you to think so much for us. =You are kind to think much of us. 你能為我們想這么多真實(shí)太好了。 If you use “flat” instead of “apartment”, people in America will know you have learnt British English.如果你用“flat”而不是“apartment”,美國(guó)人會(huì)認(rèn)為你學(xué)的英式英語(yǔ)。 本句中含有一個(gè)“instead of”句式，意為“替代，而不是”后面接介詞短語(yǔ)，名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。 We just had soup instead of a full meal. 我們沒(méi)有吃全餐，只喝了湯。 Now I can walk to work instead of going by car. 現(xiàn)在我可以步行去上班，而不必開車了。 Section C重點(diǎn)詞匯，短語(yǔ)，句式 1.expression n.詞語(yǔ)；表達(dá)；表示；表情 He looked at me without expression. 他毫無(wú)表情地看著我。 Do you know that expression? 你知道這個(gè)表達(dá)嗎？ 2. recognize vt. 辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn) [典例] 1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根據(jù)她的紅色帽子認(rèn)出了她。 2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承認(rèn)他為合法繼承人。 [重點(diǎn)用法] recognize…by sth 認(rèn)出或識(shí)別某人/某事物 be recognize…as sth 被承認(rèn)某人/某事物是 recognize…to be承認(rèn)…是 recognize +賓語(yǔ)從句 意識(shí)到；承認(rèn) [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 人們都承認(rèn)他是他們理所當(dāng)然的領(lǐng)袖。 2). 我認(rèn)出他是我朋友的哥哥。 答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader. 2). I recognized him as my friend’s brother. 【辨析】recognize和know recognize指你原來(lái)很熟悉，經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間間隔或者別的原因然后又重新認(rèn)出來(lái)，是短暫性動(dòng)詞。 know是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，指相互十分熟悉，十分了解。 I didn’t recognize the famous singer because she wore glasses. We have known each other for five years. 3. straight adj.筆直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直 [典例] 1). This is a straight road. 這是一條直路。 2). She went straight from school to university. 她中學(xué)一畢業(yè)就馬上進(jìn)了大學(xué)。 [練習(xí)] 中譯英1).我的領(lǐng)帶系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。 答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead. 4. block vt. 堵塞；阻礙n. 街區(qū)；木塊；石塊 [典例] 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方與此處相隔三條街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了 [重點(diǎn)用法] a block of 一大塊 block out 堵住 block off 封鎖；封閉 block up 堵塞；阻礙 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 他們?cè)诶@樓群散步。2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往蘇格蘭的道路。 答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block. 2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland 重點(diǎn)詞組1.play a part (in) 扮演一個(gè)角色；參與 [典例] 1). She plays an active part in local politics. 她積極參與地方政治活動(dòng)。 2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她對(duì)該計(jì)劃的成功起了重要作用。 翻譯：中國(guó)在當(dāng)今世界扮演著重要的角色。 __China is playing an important part/role _in the world today. [短語(yǔ)歸納] take part (in sth)參加, 參與（某事物 for the most part 整體上; 通常; 多半 the best part of sth（某事物的）絕大部分（尤指一段時(shí)間） for my part就我來(lái)說(shuō) [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 有多少國(guó)家要參加（世界杯賽）？ 2). 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō), 到哪兒吃飯都無(wú)所謂。 答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)? 2). For my part, I don't mind where we eat. 其他短語(yǔ)2．ever before 從前 3．even if/though 即使 4．over time 長(zhǎng)期以來(lái) 5 . in the early days 在早期 6. Believe it or not信不信由你 7. a number of ＋N. 許多,大量. 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù). the number of ＋N. …的數(shù)量. 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) A number of people have read this novel. The number of people here is 50. 重點(diǎn)句型1. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)沒(méi)有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。 (1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入語(yǔ)。 (2)no such thing 沒(méi)有這樣的事情。such與 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等詞連用時(shí)，應(yīng)位于它們的后面。 ①Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer. 信不信由你，他拒絕接受我們的幫助。 ②There is no such street in the city. 這城市沒(méi)有那樣的街道。 ③He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse. 他說(shuō)他沒(méi)有時(shí)間或別的諸如此類的借口。 [即境活用2]　(2009·安徽)I’m amazed to hear from my school teacher again. ______， it is ten years since we met last. A．In a word B．What’s more C．That’s to say D．Believe it or not 解析：句意：想不到又一次收到學(xué)校老師的來(lái)信，信不信由你，我們上次見面還是在十年前。in a word總之；what’s more而且；that’s to say也就是說(shuō)；believe it or not信不信由你。 答案：D 2. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) [應(yīng)用3]　(1)—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down. A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled 解析：with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，work和fill是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示正在進(jìn)行，因此其后要用doing結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：B (2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______， he gladly accepted it. A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished 解析：根據(jù)work和finish是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可以判斷出答案。 答案：A (3)______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 解析：根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)采用“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”。 答案：A (4)It was cold outside, the boy ran into the room ______ his nose red. A．to B．on C．in D．with 解析：這個(gè)句子考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，用“with＋名詞＋形容詞”做狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨情況。而to、on、in作為介詞則沒(méi)有這種用法，故排除A、B、C，答案為D。句意是：外面天氣很冷，那個(gè)男孩跑進(jìn)了屋子時(shí)，鼻子紅紅的。 答案：D 語(yǔ)法講解 引語(yǔ)的概念（以課文88頁(yè)為主，本文重在方法提煉與鞏固） 直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語(yǔ) 直接引語(yǔ)通常都用引號(hào)括起來(lái) 用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來(lái)，叫間接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè) _賓語(yǔ)從句 Direct Speech She said, “I like singing. ” She said, “I am waiting for a bus.” Indirect Speech She said she liked singing She said she was waiting for a bus. 總結(jié)：直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)用連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句.從句中的人稱,時(shí)態(tài),指示代詞,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等相應(yīng)變化.（見課本88） 補(bǔ)充： Direct Speech She asked, “Have you seen the film?” He asks, “Are you a doctor, John?” She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?” He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?” Indirect Speech She asked me whether\if I had seen the film. He asks John if\whether he is a doctor. She asked us where we were going to get off. He asked them who had given them a talk the day before. 總結(jié) 直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),用連詞if或whether連接。 直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),仍用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞作連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 解題步驟:1.陳述句 “I don’t li