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大連水產(chǎn)學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 前言
前 言
畢業(yè)設(shè)計是對我們在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的一次檢驗，也是給我們了一個能綜合運用各門學(xué)科知識的機會。因此，我真心希望能通過這次設(shè)計，檢驗一下自我水平，并進一步鍛煉自己，并能夠?qū)W習(xí)更多的知識，把理論與實踐結(jié)合起來，為以后走上工作崗位打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)。
我們這次設(shè)計的是電機曲軸箱加工工藝規(guī)程及裝備設(shè)計。箱體零件在機器中的主要起支撐作用，通過安裝在其中的軸帶動各個輪，實現(xiàn)變速，工作條件是潤滑好，剛性高，保證齒輪間的正確嚙合，以保證精度的變速。而夾具的作用是保證加工精度；提高生產(chǎn)率，降低成本；擴大機床的工藝范圍及減輕工人的勞動強度。因此，夾具的設(shè)計更學(xué)要設(shè)計者有豐富的經(jīng)驗，從而使夾具使用方便，成本低。
由于近些年的制造技術(shù)的飛躍發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了許多新的加工制造技術(shù)，如數(shù)控技術(shù)、集成制造技術(shù)、柔性制造技術(shù)以及設(shè)計與工藝一體化。從而使如今的加工工藝規(guī)程的編制區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的加工工藝。因此，需要我們學(xué)習(xí)更多的知識才能做好此次設(shè)計。
通過專業(yè)課的學(xué)習(xí)，設(shè)計起來也能得心應(yīng)手，在工藝編排方面充分考慮到生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)以及現(xiàn)有的設(shè)備，與實際相聯(lián)系，注重合理性、經(jīng)濟性、效益性。在工裝設(shè)計方面，擴大了應(yīng)用范圍，可以用與加工本工步，其它類似的工步也可以用同一夾具。
在設(shè)計當(dāng)中，深感，作為一名設(shè)計員不但需要扎實的知識，而且需有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、求實、創(chuàng)新的精神與作風(fēng)，才能很好的完成此次設(shè)計。
由于本人水平有限，在設(shè)計中難免有不足甚至出現(xiàn)錯誤，敬請老師批評指正。謝謝!
編者 2007-6-5
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大連水產(chǎn)學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 參考文獻
參 考 文 獻
[1] 王小華主編,機床夾具圖冊。機械工業(yè)出版社 1992
[2] 金屬機械加工工藝人員手冊。 上海科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社 1979
[3] 李洪主編,機械制造工藝設(shè)計指導(dǎo)。 車水-工學(xué)院出版社 1989
[4] 王紹俊編,機械制造工藝設(shè)計手冊 哈工大出版社 1984
[5] 機械制造工藝及設(shè)備設(shè)計手冊 機械工藝出版社1990
[6] 東北重機學(xué)院主編,機床夾具設(shè)計手冊 上?？萍汲霭嫔?990
[7] 楊黎明主編,機械零件設(shè)計手冊國防工業(yè)出版社1984
[8] 吳宗澤編,機械設(shè)計課程設(shè)計手冊高等教育出版社 1992
[9] 陳鏊奚編,機械制造工藝學(xué)。遼寧科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社 1990
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Machine-finishing technological process and technological document
one, machine-finishing technological process
The machine-finishing technological process is stipulates the components machine-finishing technological process and the operating procedure and so on the technological document.It is the machine manufacture factory most main technology document.Its concrete function is as follows:
1. The technological process is instructs the production the main technical document, is directs the scene production the basis.
Regarding large quantities of mass production factory, because the production organization is strict, the division of labor is careful, the request technological process quite is detailed, can be advantageous for the organization and the direction production.Regarding the single unit small serial production factory, the technological process may simple.But regardless of the scale of production size, all must have the technological process, otherwise the production scheduling, the technical preparation, the key technologies research, the equipment disposition and so on all are unable to arrange, the production will fall into chaotic.At the same time, the technological process also is deals with the production issue the basis, if the product quality question, may be clear about each production unit according to the technological process the responsibility.Carries on the production according to the technological process, is advantageous for the guarantee product quality, obtains the high production efficiency and the economic efficiency.
2. The technological process is the production organization and the supervisory work basic basis.
First, had the technological process, before new product investment production, may carry on before the related production the technology preparatory work.For example for the components processing preparation engine bed, designs the special-purpose labor, clamps, the measuring instrument and so on.Next, the factory design and the dispatch department basis technological process, arranges various components the batch feeding time and quantity, the adjuster load, various job sites have the rhythm according to a man-hour of fixed quantity to carry on the production and so on, causes the entire enterprise various administrative offices, the workshop, the construction section and the job site close coordination, guaranteed completes the productive plan balanced.
3. The technological process is newly built either changes (expands) the construction work factory or the workshop basic document.
When newly built either changes (expands) the construction work factory or the workshop, only then based on the technological process can determine the production needs engine bed and other equipment type, quantity and specification; Workshop area; Engine bed layout; Produces worker's kind of work in a factory, the technical rank and quantity; Auxiliary department's arrangement.
But, the technological process is not fixed invariable, it is produces the worker and technical personnel's in production process practice summary, it may carry on the revision according to the production actual situation, causes it to improve and the consummation unceasingly, but must have the strict examination and approval procedure.
Second, technological process making principle
The technological process formulation principle is high quality, the high production, the low cost, namely in under the guarantee product quality premise, strives for the best economic efficiency.When making technological process should pay attention to the following question: In technical sophistication
When making technological process, must understand the domestic and foreign this profession the processing technology level of development, through the essential engineer testing, uses the advanced craft and the craft equipment positively.
2. In economical rationality
Under certain working condition, possibly can appear several kinds to be able to guarantee the components specification the craft plan, this time should or contrasts mutually through the calculation, in the choice economy the most reasonable plan, causes the product the energy, the material consumption and the production cost is lowest.
3. Has the good work condition
When making technological process, must pay attention guaranteed when worker operation has good and the safe work condition.Therefore, must pay attention in the craft plan uses the mechanization or the automated measure, reduces the light industry altogether numerous and diverse physical labor.
Third, time making technological process firsthand information
Time the making technological process firsthand information mainly has:
1. Product pattern and engineering factor.
If product assembly drawing and detail drawing;
2. Product craft plan.
If product acceptance testing and evaluation quality specification, semifinished materials material and so on;
3. Product spare part craft route table or workshop division of labor detailed list.Understands the product and enterprise's management situation;
4. Product production guiding principle (annual output).In order to determination production type;
5. This enterprise's working condition.
In order to draw up the technological process is practical and feasible, certainly must understand and the familiar this enterprise's working condition.If semifinished materials productivity, worker's technical level as well as special purpose equipment and craft equipment manufacturing capacity, enterprise existing equipment condition and so on;
6. Related craft standard.
If each craft handbook and graph, but also should be familiar with this enterprise each kind of enterprise standard and the profession standard;
7. Related equipment and craft equipment and material.
The equipment and the craft equipment selects which regarding this technological process should have understood thoroughly, like specification, performance, new old degree and existing precision and so on;
8. Domestic and foreign similar product related craft material.
The technological process making, needs to study the domestic and foreign related craft material frequently, positively introduces the suitable advanced processing technology, raises the technological level unceasingly, obtains the maximum economic efficiency.
Fourth, making technological process step
1 Computation components production guiding principle, determination production type; 2. Analysis product assembly pattern and components pattern
Mainly includes the components the processing technology capability, the assembly technology capability, the main processing surface and the specification, the understanding components in product function;
3. Definite semifinished materials type, structure shape, manufacture method and so on; 4. Drafts the craft route
Including the preferred orientation datum, determines various superficial the processing method, the division processing stage, the determination working procedure centralism and the disperser degree, the reasonable arrangement processing order and so on;
5. Determines various working procedures the processing remainder, the computation working procedure size and the common difference;
6. Chooses the equipment and the craft equipment;
7. Determination cutting specifications and computing time fixed quantity; 8. Filling in technological document.
Fifth, technological document form
The technological document content, fills in certain form the card, namely becomes the production to prepare and to construct the basis technological document.The commonly used technological document form has the following several kinds
1. Machine-finishing technological process card
This kind of card take the working procedure as a unit, briefly lists the craft route which the entire components processing passes through (including semifinished materials manufacture, machine-finishing and heat treatment and so on).It is draws up other technological document the foundation, also produces the basis which the preparation, the arrangement work plan and the organization produce.In this kind of card, because various working procedures showing insufficiently is concrete, therefore not directly instructs the worker to operate generally, but many uses as the production management aspect.But in single unit small serial production.Because usually does not establish other detailed technological document, but on by this kind of card instruction production.The machine-finishing technological process card sees Table 3-5 to show. Machine-finishing process chart
The machine-finishing process chart is take the working procedure as a unit, explains the entire technological process in detail one technological document.It is uses for to instruct the worker to produce and to help the shop management personnel and the technical personnel grasps the entire components processing process one kind of main technical document, is widely uses in the mass productions the components and in the important components small serial production.The machine-finishing process chart content including the components material, the weight, the semifinished materials type, the process number, the working procedure name, the working procedure content, the craft parameter, the operation requests the equipment and the craft equipment which as well as uses and so on.The machine-finishing process chart form sees Table 3-6 to show.
3. Machine-finishing working procedure card
The machine-finishing working procedure card is the basis machine-finishing process chart is a working procedure making.It explained in detail entire components each working procedure the request, is uses for specifically to instruct the technological document which the worker operates.Must draw the working procedure diagram on this kind of card, explained this working procedure each labor step content, the craft parameter, the operation request as well as use the equipment and the craft equip.Uses in large quantities of mass productions generally the components.The machine-finishing working procedure card form sees Table 3-7.
35
大連水產(chǎn)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告表
課題名稱
曲軸箱機械加工工藝規(guī)程及工藝裝備設(shè)計
題目性質(zhì)
真實
題目類型
設(shè)計
題目來源
生產(chǎn)
學(xué)生姓名
劉鵬
專 業(yè)
機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
導(dǎo) 師
毛 建 鋒
課題簡介
本課題的零件圖取自某電機的產(chǎn)品圖。屬于箱體類零件它是由各部件中的軸套，齒輪等有關(guān)零件連接成一個零件整體，并使之保持正確的相互位置，以傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩或改變轉(zhuǎn)速來完成規(guī)定的運動。
目前該零件主要采取普通機械加工設(shè)備進行加工。結(jié)合企業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及機械加工行業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢，擬采用普通與數(shù)控設(shè)備相結(jié)合的辦法進行加工。
完成該課題需12~15周。預(yù)期結(jié)果為該零件的工藝規(guī)程卡、夾具圖、數(shù)控加工程序及夾具仿真動畫等。結(jié)果表現(xiàn)形式為全部設(shè)計圖紙及設(shè)計說明書。其中說明書及85%以上的圖紙必須形成電子文檔。
具體任務(wù)、內(nèi)容及要求（包括設(shè)計計算、實驗分析、繪圖質(zhì)量各類圖紙紙張、外文翻譯及撰寫外文摘要等要求）
設(shè)計條件與原始數(shù)據(jù)：
1． 曲軸箱零件圖紙一張
2． 零件年產(chǎn)量3000件
3． 設(shè)備工裝自選
4． 設(shè)計手冊若干套
主要設(shè)計內(nèi)容：
1． 繪制零件圖
2． 繪制毛坯圖
3． 制定機械加工工序卡
4． 設(shè)計（指定工序的）夾具2~5套，繪制裝配圖
5． 繪制夾具主要零件圖
6． 編寫設(shè)計說明書一份
三、要求
1．繪圖量：折成A0號圖紙4張其中85%以上的圖紙形成電子文檔。
2．設(shè)計計算及說明書字?jǐn)?shù)不少于10000字，并形成電子文檔。
完成3000字以上的外文參考文獻翻譯，完成1500字以上的文獻綜述撰寫等工作。
實習(xí)調(diào)研、查閱資料
第 1~2 周
上機運算（繪圖）
第 5~13 周
方案確定、開題報告
第 3~4 周
撰寫說明書（論文）
第 14 周
設(shè)計計算（實驗）
第 5~13 周
上交設(shè)計（論文）
第 15 周
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：毛建鋒 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組長簽章：
大連水產(chǎn)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計 摘要
摘 要
本文首先對零件的作用和工藝性進行了分析.
然后詳細(xì)介紹了零件加工工藝過程的制定:1,定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇。2，制定加工工藝路線。3，選擇加工設(shè)備及工藝裝備。4，確定切削用量及基本工時。
最后介紹了夾具的設(shè)計及計算，包括零件本工序的加工要求分析，確定夾具類型，擬定定位方案和選擇定位元件確定夾緊方案確定對刀裝置。
關(guān)鍵詞：加工工藝規(guī)程，定位基準(zhǔn)，切削用量，夾具夾緊方案確定
Ⅰ
Abstract
This article first has carried on the analysis to the components function and the technology capability.
Then in detail introduced the components processing technological process formulation: 1, localization datum choice.2, formulation processing craft route.3, selective treatment equipment and craft equipment.4, determination cutting specifications and basic man-hour. Finally introduced the jig design and the computation, including the components this working procedure processing request analysis, the definite jig type, draws up the localization plan and the preferred orientation part determination clamp plan determination to the knife installment.
Key word: Processing technological process, localization datum, cutting specifications, jig clamp plan determination
Ⅱ
機械加工工藝規(guī)程及工藝文件
一、機械加工工藝規(guī)程
機械加工工藝規(guī)程是規(guī)定零件機械加工工藝過程和操作方法等的工藝文件。它是機械制造工廠最主要的技術(shù)文件。其具體作用如下：
1 ．工藝規(guī)程是指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)的主要技術(shù)文件，是指揮現(xiàn)場生產(chǎn)的依據(jù)。
對于大批大量生產(chǎn)的工廠，由于生產(chǎn)組織嚴(yán)密，分工細(xì)致，要求工藝規(guī)程比較詳細(xì)，才能便于組織和指揮生產(chǎn)。對于單件小批生產(chǎn)的工廠，工藝規(guī)程可以簡單些。但無論生產(chǎn)規(guī)模大小，都必須有工藝規(guī)程，否則生產(chǎn)調(diào)度、技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究、器材配置等都無法安排，生產(chǎn)將陷入混亂。同時，工藝規(guī)程也是處理生產(chǎn)問題的依據(jù)，如產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量問題，可按工藝規(guī)程來明確各生產(chǎn)單位的責(zé)任。按照工藝規(guī)程進行生產(chǎn)，便于保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、獲得較高的生產(chǎn)效率和經(jīng)濟效益。
2 ．工藝規(guī)程是生產(chǎn)組織和管理工作的基本依據(jù)。
首先，有了工藝規(guī)程，在新產(chǎn)品投入生產(chǎn)之前，就可以進行有關(guān)生產(chǎn)前的技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備工作。例如為零件的加工準(zhǔn)備機床，設(shè)計專用的工、夾、量具等。其次，工廠的設(shè)計和調(diào)度部門根據(jù)工藝規(guī)程，安排各零件的投料時間和數(shù)量，調(diào)整設(shè)備負(fù)荷，各工作地按工時定額有節(jié)奏地進行生產(chǎn)等，使整個企業(yè)的各科室、車間、工段和工作地緊密配合，保證均衡地完成生產(chǎn)計劃。
3 ．工藝規(guī)程是新建或改（擴）建工廠或車間的基本資料。
在新建或改（擴）建工廠或車間時，只有依據(jù)工藝規(guī)程才能確定生產(chǎn)所需要的機床和其它設(shè)備的種類、數(shù)量和規(guī)格；車間的面積；機床的布局；生產(chǎn)工人的工種、技術(shù)等級及數(shù)量；輔助部門的安排。
但是，工藝規(guī)程并不是固定不變的，它是生產(chǎn)工人和技術(shù)人員在生產(chǎn)過程中的實踐的總結(jié)，它可以根據(jù)生產(chǎn)實際情況進行修改，使其不斷改進和完善，但必須有嚴(yán)格的審批手續(xù)。
二、工藝規(guī)程制訂的原則
工藝規(guī)程制定的原則是優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、低成本，即在保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的前提下，爭取最好的經(jīng)濟效益。在制訂工藝規(guī)程時應(yīng)注意下列問題：
1 ．技術(shù)上的先進性
在制訂工藝規(guī)程時，要了解國內(nèi)外本行業(yè)的工藝技術(shù)的發(fā)展水平，通過必要的工藝試驗，積極采用先進的工藝和工藝裝備。
2 ．經(jīng)濟上的合理性
在一定的生產(chǎn)條件下，可能會出現(xiàn)幾種能保證零件技術(shù)要求的工藝方案，此時應(yīng)通過核算或相互對比，選擇經(jīng)濟上最合理的方案，使產(chǎn)品的能源、材料消耗和生產(chǎn)成本最低。
3 ．有良好的勞動條件
在制訂工藝規(guī)程時，要注意保證工人操作時有良好而安全的勞動條件。因此，在工藝方案上要注意采用機械化或自動化措施，以減輕工共繁雜的體力勞動。
三、制訂工藝規(guī)程時的原始資料
制訂工藝規(guī)程時的原始資料主要有：
1 ．產(chǎn)品圖樣及技術(shù)條件。
如產(chǎn)品的裝配圖及零件圖；
2 ．產(chǎn)品的工藝方案。
如產(chǎn)品驗收質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、毛坯資料等；
3 ．產(chǎn)品零部件工藝路線表或車間分工明細(xì)表。以了解產(chǎn)品及企業(yè)的管理情況；
4 ．產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)（年產(chǎn)量）。以便確定生產(chǎn)類型；
5 ．本企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)條件。
為了制訂的工藝規(guī)程切實可行，一定要了解和熟悉本企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)條件。如毛坯的生產(chǎn)能力、工人的技術(shù)水平以及專用設(shè)備與工藝裝備的制造能力、企業(yè)現(xiàn)有設(shè)備狀況等；
6 ．有關(guān)工藝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
如各種工藝手冊和圖表，還應(yīng)熟悉本企業(yè)的各種企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；
7 ．有關(guān)設(shè)備及工藝裝備和資料。
對于本工藝規(guī)程選用的設(shè)備和工藝裝備應(yīng)有深入地了解，如規(guī)格、性能、新舊程度和現(xiàn)有精度等；
8 ．國內(nèi)外同類產(chǎn)品的有關(guān)工藝資料。
工藝規(guī)程的制訂，要經(jīng)常研究國內(nèi)外有關(guān)工藝資料，積極引進適用的先進的工藝技術(shù)，不斷提高工藝水平，以獲得最大的經(jīng)濟效益。
四、制訂工藝規(guī)程的步驟
1 ．計算零件的生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)、確定生產(chǎn)類型；
2 ．分析產(chǎn)品裝配圖樣和零件圖樣
主要包括零件的加工工藝性、裝配工藝性、主要加工表面及技術(shù)要求，了解零件在產(chǎn)品中的功用；
3 ．確定毛坯的類型、結(jié)構(gòu)形狀、制造方法等；
4 ．?dāng)M訂工藝路線
包括選擇定位基準(zhǔn)、確定各表面的加工方法、劃分加工階段、確定工序的集中和分散的程度、合理安排加工順序等；
5 ．確定各工序的加工余量，計算工序尺寸及公差；
6 ．選擇設(shè)備及工藝裝備；
7 ．確定切削用量及計算時間定額；
8 ．填寫工藝文件。
五、工藝文件格式
將工藝文件的內(nèi)容，填入一定格式的卡片，即成為生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備和施工依據(jù)的工藝文件。常用的工藝文件的格式有下列幾種：
1 ．機械加工工藝過程卡
這種卡片以工序為單位，簡要地列出整個零件加工所經(jīng)過的工藝路線（包括毛坯制造、機械加工和熱處理等）。它是制訂其它工藝文件的基礎(chǔ)，也是生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備、編排作業(yè)計劃和組織生產(chǎn)的依據(jù)。在這種卡片中，由于各工序的說明不夠具體，故一般不直接指導(dǎo)工人操作，而多作為生產(chǎn)管理方面使用。但在單件小批生產(chǎn)中。由于通常不編制其它較詳細(xì)的工藝文件，而就以這種卡片指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)。機械加工工藝過程卡片見表 3-5 所示。
2 ．機械加工工藝卡片
機械加工工藝卡片是以工序為單位，詳細(xì)地說明整個工藝過程的一種工藝文件。它是用來指導(dǎo)工人生產(chǎn)和幫助車間管理人員和技術(shù)人員掌握整個零件加工過程的一種主要技術(shù)文件，是廣泛用于成批生產(chǎn)的零件和重要零件的小批生產(chǎn)中。機械加工工藝卡片內(nèi)容包括零件的材料、重量、毛坯種類、工序號、工序名稱、工序內(nèi)容、工藝參數(shù)、操作要求以及采用的設(shè)備和工藝裝備等。機械加工工藝卡片格式見表 3-6 所示。
3 ．機械加工工序卡片
機械加工工序卡片是根據(jù)機械加工工藝卡片為一道工序制訂的。它更詳細(xì)地說明整個零件各個工序的要求，是用來具體指導(dǎo)工人操作的工藝文件。在這種卡片上要畫工序簡圖，說明該工序每一工步的內(nèi)容、工藝參數(shù)、操作要求以及所用的設(shè)備及工藝裝備。一般用于大批大量生產(chǎn)的零件。機械加工工序卡片格式見表 3-7 。
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