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編號
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)
相關(guān)資料
題目: 皮圈架座組合機床及專用夾具設(shè)計
信機 系 機械工程及自動化專業(yè)
學(xué) 號: 0923197
學(xué)生姓名: 顧 濤
指導(dǎo)教師: 過金超 (職稱:副教授 )
(職稱: )
2012年11月12日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文(論文)計劃、進度、檢查及落實表”
四、實習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)
開題報告
題目: 皮圈架座組合機床及專用夾具設(shè)計
信機 系 機械工程及自動化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號: 0923197
學(xué)生姓名: 顧 濤
指導(dǎo)教師: 過金超 (職稱:副教授)
(職稱: )
2012年11月12日
課題來源
實驗室課題
科學(xué)依據(jù)(包括課題的科學(xué)意義;國內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢;應(yīng)用前景等)
① 課題科學(xué)意義
本課題的研究意義在與使企業(yè)能根據(jù)自己的要求自主創(chuàng)新、自發(fā)研究設(shè)計制造設(shè)備,提高自身在國內(nèi)甚至國際制造行業(yè)中的競爭力。專用機床是一種專門適用于特定零件和特定工序加工的機床,因而它主要是應(yīng)對企業(yè)有單品種、大批量的零件加工定單,解決了許多企業(yè)面臨的共同問題:用好設(shè)備加工雖保證加工質(zhì)量但是耗費了高的成本;用普通設(shè)備加工降低了成本但是又付出了加工質(zhì)量往往不符合設(shè)計要求的兩難境地。通過本課題研究,就力求解決這種問題,使組合機床的加工保質(zhì)性和經(jīng)濟性凸顯。
② 組合機床的研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景
組合機床出現(xiàn)在世界上只有50多年的歷史。我國組合機床事業(yè)是從無到有,逐漸發(fā)展起來的。從1956年開始自行設(shè)計、制造了組合機床并取得了很大發(fā)展。如北京、上海、遼寧、山東、江蘇等發(fā)展很快,西北、西南地區(qū)也有新的發(fā)展。國家又重點安排了一批工廠,如大連機床廠、常州機床廠、大河機床廠、長沙機床廠、上海第十機床廠等20多個工廠生產(chǎn)組合機床通用部件,為全國各地機械加工部門用組合機床自己武裝自己創(chuàng)造了非常有利的條件。許多工廠在大搞技術(shù)改造、設(shè)備更新、質(zhì)量翻新的熱潮中,制造了大量的組合機床及其自動線,成倍地提高了勞動生產(chǎn)率,保證了產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量,降低了成本。目前,我國大多數(shù)省、市、自治區(qū)都能設(shè)計并制造組合機床及其自動線,產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量和技術(shù)水平都在不斷提高。我國組合機床及其自動線已占有一定數(shù)量,特別是在汽車制造行業(yè)已有了大量的組合機床及其自動線,生產(chǎn)能力也在不斷提高。我國組合機床及其自動線已占有一定數(shù)量,特別是在汽車制造行業(yè)已有了大量的組合機床及其自動線,生產(chǎn)能力也在不斷提高。用我國自行設(shè)計與制造的組合機床及其自動線武裝起來的第二汽車制造廠,經(jīng)投產(chǎn)后證明具有規(guī)模、效率高,具有較高的自動化程度特點。無論從工藝方案和布局,還是從加工精度和質(zhì)量方面看,這些組合機床及組合機床自動線都已達(dá)到國際先進水平。
組合機床解決了許多企業(yè)面臨的共同問題:用好設(shè)備加工雖保證加工質(zhì)量但是耗費了高的成本;用普通設(shè)備加工降低了成本但是又付出了加工質(zhì)量往往不符合設(shè)計要求的兩難境地?,F(xiàn)階段組合機床主要應(yīng)用于大批量生產(chǎn)中,隨著組合機床加工的發(fā)展與各種生產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)的發(fā)展與完善,組合機床在中小批量生產(chǎn)中也將得到廣泛的應(yīng)用,應(yīng)用成組技術(shù),把結(jié)構(gòu)和工藝相似的零件集中在一臺組合機床上加工,以提高機床的利用率。這類機床常見的有兩種,可換主軸箱式組合機床和轉(zhuǎn)塔式組合機床。
組合機床未來的發(fā)展將更多的采用調(diào)速電動機和滾珠絲杠等傳動,以簡化結(jié)構(gòu)、縮短生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍;采用數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)和主軸箱、夾具自動更換系統(tǒng),以提高工藝可調(diào)性;以及納入柔性制造系統(tǒng)等。
研究內(nèi)容
① 制定工藝方案。了解被加工零件的加工特點、精度和技術(shù)要求、定位夾緊情況以及生產(chǎn)率的要求等。確定在組合機床上完成的工藝內(nèi)容及其加工方法。這里要確定加工工步數(shù),決定刀具的種類和型式;
② 機床結(jié)構(gòu)方案的分析和確定。根據(jù)工藝方案確定機床的型式和總體布局。在選擇機床配置型式時,既要考慮實現(xiàn)工藝方案,保證加工精度、技術(shù)要求及生產(chǎn)效率;又要考慮機床操作、維護、修理是否方便,排屑情況是否良好;
③ 組合機床總體設(shè)計。確定機床各個部件間的相互關(guān)系,選擇通用部件和刀具的導(dǎo)向,計算切削用量及機床生產(chǎn)率。繪制機床的總聯(lián)系尺寸圖及加工示意圖等。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實驗方案及可行性分析
① 制定工藝方案?了解被加工零件的加工特點、精度和技術(shù)要求、定位夾緊情況以及生產(chǎn)率的要求等。確定在組合機床上完成的工藝內(nèi)容及其加工方法。這里要確定加工工步數(shù),決定刀具的種類和型式。
② 機床結(jié)構(gòu)方案的分析和確定?根據(jù)工藝方案確定機床的型式和總體布局。在選擇機床配置型式時,既要考慮實現(xiàn)工藝方案,保證加工精度、技術(shù)要求及生產(chǎn)效率;又要考慮機床操作、維護、修理是否方便,排屑情況是否良好;還要注意被加工零件的生產(chǎn)批量,以便使設(shè)計的組合機床符合多、快、好、省的要求。
③ 組合機床總體設(shè)計?這里要確定機床各個部件間的相互關(guān)系,選擇通用部件和刀具的導(dǎo)向,計算切削用量及機床生產(chǎn)率。繪制機床的總聯(lián)系尺寸圖及加工示意圖等。
研究計劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計劃:
2012年11月12日-2012年12月25日:按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料,填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告書。
2013年1月11日-2013年3月5日:填寫畢業(yè)實習(xí)報告。
2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日:按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計開題報告。
2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日:學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日:組合機床設(shè)計。
2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日:專用夾具設(shè)計。
2013年4月26日-2013年5月25日:畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。
預(yù)期成果:設(shè)計出專用組合機床
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
設(shè)計專用夾具,縮短工裝時間,降低成本,提高生產(chǎn)效率
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
會用CAD等繪圖軟件,對紡織機用皮圈架、組合機床和專用夾具有一定了解。了解組合機床及其自動線,組合機床的特點和工藝范圍,組合機床標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及通用部件。組合機床總體設(shè)計:組合機床的設(shè)計步驟、組合機床加工工藝規(guī)程的制定、組合機床通用部件的選擇、組合機床加工示意圖和聯(lián)系尺寸圖;組合機床多軸箱設(shè)計:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)多軸箱及其通用零件、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)多軸箱設(shè)計。專用夾具設(shè)計:工件定位方案和定位元件的設(shè)計、夾緊方案和夾緊元件的設(shè)計、誤差的分析與計算。
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名:
年 月 日
教研室(學(xué)科組、研究所)意見
教研室主任簽名:
年 月 日
系意見
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名:
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英文原文
Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool time
Regarding the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, in the industrial field has many names to describe it, like “the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on, it may be called the processing domain truly the nova, may reduce the cost, the simplified disposition, and has maintained in the US territory produces. Inthe past only then used the duty which many machine operations could complete, now may concentrate to an engine bed on processes completes.
As a result of market demand's unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, today's market more intense demand multitasking installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production environment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit.
Some tradition's manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools are too complex,very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innovates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working Basic principle and in the Production workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training.
Intuition type technical control
The equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has different material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle, the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal conductivity, the volume expansion are related. All different size's thing can by the different speed growth.
As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of knowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entire journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the different temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will therefore also have many things to have the influence to the thermostability. The cutting tool technology turned the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools has had the milling and cutting power “the versatile machine”.
According to the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The anti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if uses the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability world-wide in the more different processing scenes.
The off-line programming optimization and the NC automatic control system's formation already made this technology to be easier to accept, when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revolving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite difficult, because it needs two revolving tool box saddles also to feed. The AdMac system may realize tool rest's automatic programming which simultaneously feeds to these, and can cause the correct main axle speed, the correct feed rate and so on all parameters to realize the synchronization.
Okuma Corporation's collision avoidance system design based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cutting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific model's engine bed. The result indicated that the simulation processes not only the fabricated parts and the actual end product is similar, is the one-to-one copy simply.
The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity, the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use
advanced engine bed flexibility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more complex, also needs to have the stronger skill person correspondingly to be able to operate it.
If machinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multi-purpose engine bed now, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from software's help to cause the production efficiency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also establish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing the components,
the workshop should process as far as possible many components. Regarding the multi-purpose engine beds, the transformation components speed is quick, the production batch of time interval is shorter, the stock is lower, the production efficiency is higher. Can use multi-purpose engine bed's some workshops fully, very quick will discover the post function the unification. Now, a workshop may only use an operator, an adjuster and a programming teacher, in the future these 3 work definitely may do by a person.
In the traditional post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components processing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has been simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to the people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to process the programming, and pays attention to the components processing personally time the entire process, he completely has become this components control. In addition, but should also makes more effort in the cutting tool choice and the programming aspect, must make any model the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool to succeed, the workshop needs to provide the skilled machinist, has ability and completes many kinds of operations nimbly. Therefore, crosswise training was at any time in the past more important. Regarded as the milling and the lathe work the different belongs to their time. Regarding personnel who will program, will understand the engine bed and controls it, this will be their ability manifestation.
The cutting tool will choose most people not to install the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cutting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial field is developing the development the processing cutting tool, may complete the turning on the identical tool rest, boring and drills truncates the processing, is only processes the
phase to differ from regarding the work piece angle. The processing operates the difference even confuses is unclear. The new processing cutting tool may complete the milling and the turning.
The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adapt the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reaction's ability, starts to establish the variable automation production system,namely revolves the computer technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable or in the change small situation, the machinery equipment either production management process through the automatic detection, the information processing, the analysis judgment realizes the anticipated operation or some kind of process automatically, and can from make one kind of components to transform automatically to makes another kind of different components. The social practice proved that under this kind of definition's manufacture system automation and the contemporary majority enterprises are not actually accommodating. The contemporary society also not in the science and technology, the material and the personnel aspect prepares to realize this automated condition, insists such to do only meets the wasted effort. This kind of situation is not exceptional regarding the separate production method's machine-building industry, the difficulty can bigger.
The aggregate machine-tool future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw,will simplify structure, the reduction production metre; Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig automatic replacement system, enhances the craft controllability; As well as integrates the flexible manufacture system and so on.
中文譯文
多用途組合機床
對于多功能組合機床,在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域有許多名字來描述它,如“多任務(wù)處理裝置”,“多功能機床”,“多工序生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)”等,它確實可稱為加工領(lǐng)域的新星,可降低成本,簡化配置,和一直保持在美國本土生產(chǎn)。在過去,只有使用多機操作才能完成的任務(wù),現(xiàn)在可以集中到一臺機床上加工完成。
由于市場需求的不斷變化,產(chǎn)品生命周期不斷減少,今天的市場需求也更加強烈,多任務(wù)處理裝置的概念。實施精益管理在整個生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,并沒有集中的零件加工到機器上完成一個更好的利潤。
一些傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)廠商認(rèn)為,多功能組合機床是太復(fù)雜,要找到合適的運營商也難的問題,創(chuàng)新對金屬加工的基本原理的不足,在生產(chǎn)車間相關(guān)的新機床使用的解決方案方面的訓(xùn)練地點非常困難。
直覺型的技術(shù)控制
設(shè)備使用“帶走熱量”式的設(shè)計,有不同的材料,床身,鋼制直線滾動導(dǎo)軌,在鋼制轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架,設(shè)備的使用,所有這些結(jié)合在一起,使發(fā)動機的床。這些與導(dǎo)熱系數(shù),體積膨脹是相關(guān)的。所有不同大小的東西能以不同的速度增長。
由于這個原因,要使發(fā)動機熱友好床,以了解發(fā)熱的薄弱點在哪里,可以補償通過合理的機床的設(shè)計。該部分是整個旅程的運動。機床滑動摩擦熱產(chǎn)生和變換。機械加工產(chǎn)生的熱屑落在不同的地方,制冷劑可以混合在整個過程。將不同溫度省不斷的切割工具,因此也會有很多事情要對熱穩(wěn)定性的影響。切削刀具技術(shù)將多功能組合機床有銑削動力”的多功能機”。
據(jù)資料介紹,最顯著的特點是在這些機床的整體直覺。防撞保護技術(shù)已經(jīng)成熟,在某些情況下,即使使用人工操作模式,也能避免發(fā)生碰撞。由于控制軟件有很好的直覺,用戶操作友好程度也在不斷提高。相信多功能組合機床以其生存能力在全球多個不同處理的場景。
離線編程的優(yōu)化和自動控制系統(tǒng)的形成已成為該技術(shù)更容易接受,所以當(dāng)使用程序時,機床,不需要花很多時間調(diào)整程序,確認(rèn)了部分沒有問題。如果組件需要提供高、低兩個轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架同時進行粗加工,在這種情況下,程序是相當(dāng)困難的,因為它需要兩轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架也喂。該ADMAC系統(tǒng)可以實現(xiàn)刀架的自動編程,同時將這些,可以使正確的主軸速度,正確的進給速度等參數(shù)的同步實現(xiàn)。
日本大隈公司的防撞系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計基于實際加工操作模式的防碰撞仿真,因此,如果運營商已經(jīng)安裝了錯誤的切割工具或建立了錯誤的參數(shù),控制系統(tǒng)將檢查和防止機床進入加工條件。通過與西門子公司合作,指數(shù)可能提供3D模式現(xiàn)在“虛擬機床”,定制根據(jù)一些具體模型的機床。結(jié)果表明,模擬過程不僅制造零件和實際的最終產(chǎn)品是相似的,是一份簡單的。
直覺式控制接口,仿真以及其它軟件技術(shù)的進步,更多的生產(chǎn)車間有敞開的多功能組合機床的大門,但如果沒有訓(xùn)練,和解決問題的創(chuàng)造力的相關(guān)知識,制造商也很難實現(xiàn),充分利用
先進的機床的靈活性方面的優(yōu)勢。本機所做的工作越多,機器將更加復(fù)雜,也需要有較強的技能的人也能操作。
如果有一天工過去經(jīng)營3機床,然后他有這種多功能機床現(xiàn)在,可能會產(chǎn)生更多的成分。更重要的是,他可以從軟件的幫助支持,使生產(chǎn)效率更高,對于變換處理組件的制備,也可建立加工工藝方案。因為更換部件需要降低3主軸,因此在更換組件,車間應(yīng)過程盡可能多的成分。對于多功能機床組件,轉(zhuǎn)換速度快,時間間隔的生產(chǎn)批次是短的,股價較低,生產(chǎn)效率高。可以使用多功能機床的一些車間充分,很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)后功能的統(tǒng)一。現(xiàn)在,一個車間只可使用一個運算符,調(diào)節(jié)器和一個編程的老師,在未來這3項工作一定會做的人。
在傳統(tǒng)的崗位描述機械師將運輸成為一個調(diào)整的工程師,如果工程師熟悉的零件加工程序,這也更理想。對于這樣的轉(zhuǎn)變,訓(xùn)練一直很簡單,只要列車1個人的線,而不是3個人。從長遠(yuǎn)觀點看,這將給人們提供滿意的高度。當(dāng)調(diào)整工程師負(fù)責(zé)處理程序,并且注意零件加工的個人時間的整個過程中,他完全成了這部分的控制。此外,還應(yīng)該做更多的努力在刀具選擇和規(guī)劃方面,必須使任何模型的多功能組合機床成功,車間需要提供技術(shù)熟練的機械師,有能力完成各種操作靈活。因此,交叉訓(xùn)練是過去任何時候更重要。作為銑床和車床工作不同的屬于自己的時間。有關(guān)人員將程序,將了解機床和控制它,這將是他們的能力表現(xiàn)。
切削工具將大多數(shù)人都選擇不安裝轎車輪胎的賽車,但加工刀具有這樣的情況。刀具應(yīng)與新機床的匹配,是可以想象的冗余在新機床使用舊的刀具生產(chǎn)效率的影響。為了配合多功能組合機床,新的切削刀具和切削工具適配器技術(shù)已經(jīng)開發(fā)。目前工業(yè)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展發(fā)展的加工刀具,可完成打開相同的刀架,鏜、鉆削加工,是唯一的過程相位不同于對工件的角。加工操作的差異甚至混淆不清了。新加工的刀具可以完成銑削和車削。
機械自動化技術(shù)從20世紀(jì)20年代在機械制造冷加工大批量生產(chǎn)過程中的開發(fā)應(yīng)用,在60年代,以適應(yīng)市場的需求和變化,為增強機械制造業(yè)對市場靈活快速反應(yīng)的能力,開始建立可變自動化生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),即圍繞計算機技術(shù)的柔性自動化。它是在制造系統(tǒng)不變或變化較小的情況下,機器設(shè)備或生產(chǎn)管理過程中通過自動檢測,信息處理,分析判斷實現(xiàn)預(yù)期的操作或某種過程的自動化,并能從一種組件將自動使另一種不同的組件。社會實踐證明,這種定義下的制造系統(tǒng)自動化與當(dāng)代大多數(shù)企業(yè)不適應(yīng)。當(dāng)代社會也不是在科學(xué)和技術(shù),材料和人員方面的準(zhǔn)備去實現(xiàn)這種自動化的條件,堅持這樣做只會事倍功半。這種情況也不例外對于單獨的生產(chǎn)方法的機械制造業(yè),難度會更大。
機械自動化技術(shù)從20世紀(jì)20年代在機械制造冷加工大批量生產(chǎn)過程中的開發(fā)應(yīng)用,在60年代,以適應(yīng)市場的需求和變化,為增強機械制造業(yè)對市場靈活快速反應(yīng)的能力,開始建立可變自動化生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),即圍繞計算機技術(shù)的柔性自動化。它是在制造系統(tǒng)不變或變化較小的情況下,機器設(shè)備或生產(chǎn)管理過程中通過自動檢測,信息處理,分析判斷實現(xiàn)預(yù)期的操作或某種過程的自動化,并能從一種組件將自動使另一種不同的組件。社會實踐證明,這種定義下的制造系統(tǒng)自動化與當(dāng)代大多數(shù)企業(yè)不適應(yīng)。當(dāng)代社會也不是在科學(xué)和技術(shù),材料和人員方面的準(zhǔn)備去實現(xiàn)這種自動化的條件,堅持這樣做只會事倍功半。這種情況也不例外對于單獨的生產(chǎn)方法的機械制造業(yè),難度會更大。
組合機床未來的發(fā)展更多地使用傳輸?shù)日{(diào)速電動機和滾珠絲杠,簡化結(jié)構(gòu),降低生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍;采用數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)和主軸箱,夾具自動更換系統(tǒng),提高了工藝的可控性;以及將柔性制造系統(tǒng)等。