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四 川 理 工 學(xué) 院
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計（論 文）說 明 書
題 目 齒輪泵泵體工藝及加工Φ14、2-M8 孔夾具設(shè)計
學(xué) 生 陳 旭
系 別 機(jī) 電 系
專 業(yè) 班 級 機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化（機(jī)制03.3）
學(xué) 號 030110702
指 導(dǎo) 教 師 姜 明
摘 要
在機(jī)械制造的機(jī)械加工、檢驗(yàn)、裝配、焊接和熱處理等冷熱工藝過程中，使用著大量的夾具，用以安裝加工對象，使之占有正確的位置，以保證零件和產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，并提高生產(chǎn)效率。
在機(jī)床上加工工件時，為了保證加工精度，必須正確安裝工件，使其相對機(jī)床切削成形運(yùn)動和刀具占有正確的位置，這一過程稱為“定位”。為了不因受切削力、慣性力、重力等外力作用而破壞工件已定的正確位置，還必須對其施加一定的夾緊力，這一過程稱為“夾緊”。定位和夾緊的全過程稱為“安裝”。在機(jī)床上用來完成工件安裝任務(wù)的重要工藝裝備，就是各類夾具中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的“機(jī)床夾具”。
機(jī)床夾具的種類很多，其中，使用范圍最廣的通用夾具，規(guī)格尺寸多已標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，并且有專業(yè)的工廠進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。而廣泛用于批量生產(chǎn)，專為某工件加工工序服務(wù)的專用夾具，則需要各制造廠根據(jù)工件加工工藝自行設(shè)計制造。因此，專用夾具的設(shè)計是一項(xiàng)重要生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備工作，每一個從事加工工藝的工裝設(shè)計人員，都應(yīng)該掌握有關(guān)夾具設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)知識。
本設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容是設(shè)計鉆床夾具，需要對齒輪泵端蓋上的2個M8螺孔和1個的孔進(jìn)行鉆削加工。文中介紹了工件在夾具體中的定位方式，定位元件與定位機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇，及夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇與設(shè)計。現(xiàn)代高效率的夾具大多采用機(jī)動夾緊，按力源分有氣動、液壓、氣液聯(lián)合、電傳動及利用機(jī)床運(yùn)動等對工件進(jìn)行夾緊。這些方式具有夾緊動作快，夾緊力穩(wěn)定，可減輕工人勞動強(qiáng)度等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本設(shè)計選用電動機(jī)作為夾緊的動力裝置，運(yùn)用機(jī)電傳動控制回路來控制電動機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)，借以控制被加工工件在夾具體上的夾緊。此外，文中還對夾具進(jìn)行了簡單的精度分析與計算。
機(jī)械零件上往往都有各種不同用途和不同精度的孔需要加工。在機(jī)械加工中，孔的加工量所占比例較大，其中鉆頭、擴(kuò)孔鉆、鉸刀等定尺寸刀具加工占相當(dāng)多數(shù)。這時，除了要保證孔的尺寸精度外，還要達(dá)到孔的位置精度要求。在單件小批量生產(chǎn)中，用劃線后找正孔軸線位置方法加工，更因鉆頭剛性差、易變形，因此生產(chǎn)效率低且精度差。在批量生產(chǎn)中一般都采用鉆床夾具，鉆床夾具又稱鉆模，通過鉆套引導(dǎo)刀具進(jìn)行加工可準(zhǔn)確地確定刀具與工件之間的相對位置，是鉆模的主要特點(diǎn)。鉆削時，被加工孔的尺寸和精度主要由刀具本身的尺寸和精度來保證；而孔的位置精度則由鉆套在夾具上相對于定位元件的位置精度來確定。因?yàn)橥ㄟ^鉆套引導(dǎo)刀具進(jìn)行加工，這就既可能提高刀具系統(tǒng)剛性，又能防止鉆頭引偏。
關(guān)鍵詞：機(jī)械制造，通用夾具，專用夾具，鉆床夾具，齒輪泵，電動機(jī)
ABSTRCT
At the machine manufacture machine-finishing, the examination,the assembly, the welding and the heat treatment and so on in the coldhot technological process, are using the massive jigs, with installsthe processing object, enable it to hold the correct position,guarantees the components and the product quality, and enhancementproduction efficiency.
Processes the work piece when the engine bed, in order to guaranteethe processing precision, must correctly install the work piece,causes its relative engine bed cutting forming movement and thecutting tool holds the correct position, this process is called "thelocalization". For because of Cutting force, inertial force , exogenic processand so on the gravity is not destroyed the work piece already thecorrect position which decides, but also must certainly exert to itclamps the strength, this process is called "clamps". Locates theentire process which and clamps to be called "the installment". Usesfor on the engine bed to complete the work piece to install the dutythe important craft equipment, is in each kind of jig widely applies"the engine bed jig".
Engine bed jig type very many, among, the use scope broadest generaljig, the specification size are many has standardized, and has thespecialty the factory to carry on the production. But widely uses inthe volume production, specially unit clamp which serves for some workpiece processing working procedure, then needs various factoriesindependently to design the manufacture according to the work pieceprocessing craft. Therefore, the unit clamp design is an importantproduction preparatory work, each is engaged in the processing craftthe work clothes design personnel, all should grasp the elementaryknowledge which the related jig designs.
This design main content designs the drilling machine jig, needs thecounter gear pumps on the end cover 2 M8 hole and 1 the holecarries on drills truncates the processing. In the article introducedthe work piece in clamps the concrete center the locate mode, locatesthe part and the detent mechanism choice, and clamps the organizationthe choice and the design. The modern high efficiency jig mostly usesmobile clamps, divides according to the strength source has airoperated, the hydraulic pressure, the gas fluid union, the electricitytransmission and so on carries on using the engine bed movement to thework piece clamps. These ways have clamp the movement quickly, clampsthe strength to be stable, may reduce merit and so on worker laborintensity. This design selects the power unit which the electric motorachievement clamps, the utilization mechanical and electricaltransmission control loop control motor the reverse, is processed inorder to the control the work piece in to clamp concrete on clamping.In addition, in the article has also carried on the simple precisionanalysis and the computation to the jig.
On the machine parts often all has each kind of different use and thedifferent precision hole needs to process. In the machine-finishing,the hole process load accounts for the proportion to be bigger, drillbit, Expanding drilling, Reamer and so on decides the size cutting toolprocessing to occupy quite most. By now, besides had to guarantee thehole the size precision, but also had to achieve the hole the positionprecision request. In the single unit small volume production, afterdraws a line adjusts the hole spool thread position method processing,because the drill bit rigidity bad, is easier to distort, thereforethe production efficiency low also the precision is bad. Generally alluses the drilling machine jig in the volume production, the drillingmachine jig calls 鉆模, through drills the set of guidance cuttingtool to carry on the processing to be possible accurately to determinebetween the cutting tool and the work piece relative position, is鉆模main characteristic. Drills when truncates, is processed thehole the size and the precision mainly by the cutting tool itself sizeand the precision guaranteed; But the hole position precision bydrills the set to be photogenic in the jig regarding locates the partthe position precision to determine. Because through drills the set ofguidance cutting tool to carry on the processing, this both possiblyenhances the cutting tool system rigidity, and can prevent the drillbit directs.
Keywords : machinery, common fixture, special fixture, drilling fixture, gear pumps, motors
目 錄
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
第1章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………1
1.1機(jī)床夾具概述…………………………………………………………………...1
1.2機(jī)床夾具的發(fā)展趨勢…………………………………………………………….1
第2章 工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計………………………………………………………………2
2.1 制定工藝路線…………………………………………………………………...2
2.1.1 工藝方案一………………………………………………………………...3
2.1.2 工藝方案二………………………………………………………………...3
2.1.3 最終工藝方案的確定……………………………………………………….4
2.2 機(jī)械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的確定…………………………………...…5
2.2.1 機(jī)械加工余量、毛坯尺寸……………………………..……………………5
2.2.2 工序尺寸的確定………………………..……………..……………………5
2.3 切削用量計算………………………..……………..……………………...……7
第3章 專用夾具設(shè)計………………………………………………………………11
3.1 定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇………………………………………………………………11
3.2定位誤差分析與計算……………………………………………………..……11
3.3 夾緊力的計算…………..………………………………………………..……11
3.4 夾具總體方案…………..………………………………………………..……13
3.5 傳動裝置的設(shè)計…………..…………….………………………………..……14
3.6 夾緊裝置…………………..……………………………………………..……15
3.7鉆套的選擇……….………..……………………………………………..……16
3.8鉆模板的設(shè)計………………..…….……………………………………..….…17
3.9夾具體的設(shè)計………………..…….…………………….………………..……20
3.10其他元件的設(shè)計…...………..…….…………………….………………..……21
3.11整機(jī)原理…...……………………..…….…………………….…………...………..……21
第四章 結(jié)論…………………………………………………………………….……22
參考文獻(xiàn)….…………………………………………………………………………23
致謝……...………………………………………..…………………………………24
附卡1:機(jī)械加工工序卡….………………………………………………………25
附卡2：機(jī)械加工工藝過程卡1….………………………………………………26
附卡3：機(jī)械加工工藝過程卡2….………………………………………………27