回油管夾片沖壓成形工藝及模具設(shè)計(jì)【20張CAD圖紙和文檔全套】
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【中文4900字】沖壓變形沖壓變形工藝可完成多種工序,其基本工序可分為分離工序和變形工序兩 大類。分離工序是使坯料的一部分與另一部分相互分離的工藝方法,主要有落料、 沖孔、切邊、剖切、修整等。其中有以沖孔、落料應(yīng)用最廣。變形工序是使坯 料的一部分相對(duì)另一部分產(chǎn)生位移而不破裂的工藝方法,主要有拉深、彎曲、 局部成形、脹形、翻邊、縮徑、校形、旋壓等。從本質(zhì)上看,沖壓成形就是毛坯的變形區(qū)在外力的作用下產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的塑性 變形,所以變形區(qū)的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)和變形性質(zhì)是決定沖壓成形性質(zhì)的基本因素。因 此,根據(jù)變形區(qū)應(yīng)力狀態(tài)和變形特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行的沖壓成形分類,可以把成形性質(zhì)相 同的成形方法概括成同一個(gè)類型并進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化的研究。絕大多數(shù)沖壓成形時(shí)毛坯變形區(qū)均處于平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)。通常認(rèn)為在板材表面上 不受外力的作用,即使有外力作用,其數(shù)值也是較小的,所以可以認(rèn)為垂直于 板面方向的應(yīng)力為零,使板材毛坯產(chǎn)生塑性變形的是作用于板面方向上相互垂 直的兩個(gè)主應(yīng)力。由于板厚較小,通常都近似地認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)主應(yīng)力在厚度方向 上是均勻分布的?;谶@樣的分析,可以把各種形式?jīng)_壓成形中的毛坯變形區(qū) 的受力狀態(tài)與變形特點(diǎn),在平面應(yīng)力的應(yīng)力坐標(biāo)系中(沖壓應(yīng)力圖)與相應(yīng)的兩 向應(yīng)變坐標(biāo)系中(沖壓應(yīng)變圖)以應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變坐標(biāo)決定的位置來表示。也就是說, 沖壓應(yīng)力圖與沖壓應(yīng)變圖中的不同位置都代表著不同的受力情況與變形特點(diǎn) (1)沖壓毛坯變形區(qū)受兩向拉應(yīng)力作用時(shí),可以分為兩種情況:即 0 t=0 和 0, t=0。再這兩種情況下,絕對(duì)值最大的應(yīng)力都是拉應(yīng)力。以下 對(duì)這兩種情況進(jìn)行分析。1)當(dāng) 0 且 t =0 時(shí),安全量理論可以寫出如下應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變的關(guān)系式:(1-1) /( - m)= /( - m)= t/( t - m)=k式中 , , t分別是軸對(duì)稱沖壓成形時(shí)的徑向主應(yīng)變、切向主應(yīng)變 和厚度方向上的主應(yīng)變; , , t分別是軸對(duì)稱沖壓成形時(shí)的徑向主應(yīng)力、切向主應(yīng)力和厚度 方向上的主應(yīng)力; m平均應(yīng)力, m=( + + t)/3;k常數(shù)。在平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài),式(11)具有如下形式:3 /(2 - )=3 /(2 - t)=3 t/-( t+ )=k (12) 因?yàn)?0,所以必定有 2 - 0 與 0。這個(gè)結(jié)果表明:在兩向拉應(yīng)力的平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)時(shí),如果絕對(duì)值最大拉應(yīng)力是 ,則在這個(gè)方向上的主 應(yīng)變一定是正應(yīng)變,即是伸長變形。又因?yàn)?0,所以必定有-( t+ )0 與 t2 時(shí), 0;當(dāng) 0。 的變化范圍是 = =0 。在雙向等拉力狀態(tài)時(shí), = ,有 式(12)得 = 0 及 t 0 且 t=0 時(shí),有式(12)可知:因?yàn)?0,所以 1)定有 2 0 與 0。這個(gè)結(jié)果表明:對(duì)于兩向拉應(yīng)力的平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài),當(dāng) 的絕對(duì)值最大時(shí),則在這個(gè)方向上的應(yīng)變一定時(shí)正的,即一定是 伸長變形。又因?yàn)?0,所以必定有-( t+ )0 與 t , 0;當(dāng) 0。 的變化范圍是 = =0 。當(dāng) = 時(shí), = 0,也就是 在雙向等拉力狀態(tài)下,在兩個(gè)拉應(yīng)力方向上產(chǎn)生數(shù)值相同的伸長變形;在受單 向拉應(yīng)力狀態(tài)時(shí),當(dāng) =0 時(shí), =- /2,也就是說,在受單向拉應(yīng)力狀態(tài) 下其變形性質(zhì)與一般的簡單拉伸是完全一樣的。這種變形與受力情況,處于沖壓應(yīng)變圖中的 AOC 范圍內(nèi)(見圖 11);而 在沖壓應(yīng)力圖中則處于 AOH 范圍內(nèi)(見圖 12)。上述兩種沖壓情況,僅在最大應(yīng)力的方向上不同,而兩個(gè)應(yīng)力的性質(zhì)以及 它們引起的變形都是一樣的。因此,對(duì)于各向同性的均質(zhì)材料,這兩種變形是 完全相同的。(1)沖壓毛坯變形區(qū)受兩向壓應(yīng)力的作用,這種變形也分兩種情況分析,即o t=0 和 0, t=0。1)當(dāng) 0 且 t=0 時(shí),有式(12)可知:因?yàn)?0,一定有2 - 0 與 0。這個(gè)結(jié)果表明:在兩向壓應(yīng)力的平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)時(shí),如果11絕對(duì)值最大拉應(yīng)力是 0,則在這個(gè)方向上的主應(yīng)變一定是負(fù)應(yīng)變,即是壓 縮變形。又因?yàn)?0 與 t0,即在板料厚度方 向上的應(yīng)變是正的,板料增厚。在 方向上的變形取決于 與 的數(shù)值:當(dāng) =2 時(shí), =0;當(dāng) 2 時(shí), 0;當(dāng) 0。這時(shí) 的變化范圍是 與 0 之間 。當(dāng) = 時(shí),是雙向等壓力狀態(tài) 時(shí),故有 = 0;當(dāng) =0 時(shí),是受單向壓應(yīng)力狀態(tài),所以 =- /2。 這種變形情況處于沖壓應(yīng)變圖中的 EOG 范圍內(nèi)(見圖 11);而在沖壓應(yīng)力圖 中則處于 COD 范圍內(nèi)(見圖 12)。2) 當(dāng) 0 且 t=0 時(shí),有式(12)可知:因?yàn)?0,所以 一定有 2 0 與 0。這個(gè)結(jié)果表明:對(duì)于兩向壓應(yīng)力的平面應(yīng)力狀 態(tài),如果絕對(duì)值最大是 ,則在這個(gè)方向上的應(yīng)變一定時(shí)負(fù)的,即一定是壓 縮變形。又因?yàn)?0 與 t0,即在板料厚度方 向上的應(yīng)變是正的,即為壓縮變形,板厚增大。在 方向上的變形取決于 與 的數(shù)值:當(dāng) =2 時(shí), =0;當(dāng) 2 , 0;當(dāng) 0。這時(shí), 的數(shù)值只能在 = =0 之間變化。當(dāng) = 時(shí),是雙向 等壓力狀態(tài),所以 = 0。這種變形與受力情況,處于沖壓應(yīng)變圖中的 GOL 范圍內(nèi)(見圖 11);而在沖壓應(yīng)力圖中則處于 DOE 范圍內(nèi)(見圖 12)。(1)沖壓毛坯變形區(qū)受兩個(gè)異號(hào)應(yīng)力的作用,而且拉應(yīng)力的絕對(duì)值大于壓應(yīng) 力的絕對(duì)值。這種變形共有兩種情況,分別作如下分析。1)當(dāng) 0, | |時(shí),由式(12)可知:因?yàn)?0, | |,所以一定有 2 - 0 及 0。這個(gè)結(jié)果表明:在異號(hào)的 平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)時(shí),如果絕對(duì)值最大應(yīng)力是拉應(yīng)力,則在這個(gè)絕對(duì)值最大的拉應(yīng) 力方向上應(yīng)變一定是正應(yīng)變,即是伸長變形。又因?yàn)?0, | |,所以必定有 0 0, 0, | |時(shí),由式(12)可知:用與前 項(xiàng)相同的方法分析可得 0。即在異號(hào)應(yīng)力作用的平面應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下,如果絕 對(duì)值最大應(yīng)力是拉應(yīng)力 ,則在這個(gè)方向上的應(yīng)變是正的,是伸長變形;而在 壓應(yīng)力 方向上的應(yīng)變是負(fù)的( 0, 0, 0, | |時(shí),由式(12)可知:因?yàn)?0, | |,所以一定有 2 - 0 及 0, 0,必定有 2 - 0,即在拉應(yīng)力方向上 的應(yīng)變是正的,是伸長變形。這時(shí) 的變化范圍只能在 =- 與 =0 的范圍內(nèi) 。當(dāng) =- 時(shí), 0 0, 0, | |時(shí),由式(12)可知:用與前 項(xiàng)相同的方法分析可得 0, 0, 0, 0o AONGOH+伸長類o AOCAOH+伸長類雙向受壓o 0, 0o EOGCOD壓縮類o 0, | |MONFOG+伸長類| | |LOMEOF壓縮類異號(hào)應(yīng)力o 0, | |CODAOB+伸長類| | | |DOEBOC壓縮類表 12伸長類成形與壓縮類成形的對(duì)比項(xiàng)目伸長類成形壓縮類成形變形區(qū)質(zhì)量問題的表現(xiàn)形式變形程度過大引起變形區(qū)產(chǎn)生破裂現(xiàn)象壓力作用下失穩(wěn)起皺成形極限1主要取決于板材的塑性,與厚度無關(guān)2可用伸長率及成形極限 DLF 判斷1主要取決于傳力區(qū)的承載能力2取決于抗失穩(wěn)能力3與板厚有關(guān)變形區(qū)板厚的變化減薄增厚提高成形極限的方法1改善板材塑性2使變形均勻化,降低局部變形程度3工序間熱處理1采用多道工序成形2改變傳力區(qū)與變形區(qū)的力學(xué)關(guān)系3采用防起皺措施+ + - +擴(kuò)口- - 圖 13 沖壓應(yīng)變圖圖 13體系化研究方法舉例Categories of stamping formingMany deformation processes can be done by stamping, the basic processes of the stamping can be divided into two kinds: cutting and forming.Cutting is a shearing process that one part of the blank is cut form the other .It mainly includes blanking, punching, trimming, parting and shaving, where punching and blanking are the most widely used. Forming is a process that one part of the blank has some displacement form the other. It mainly includes deep drawing, bending, local forming, bulging, flanging, necking, sizing and spinning.In substance, stamping forming is such that the plastic deformation occurs in the deformation zone of the stamping blank caused by the external force. The stress state and deformation characteristic of the deformation zone are the basic factors to decide the properties of the stamping forming. Based on the stress state and deformation characteristics of the deformation zone, the forming methods can be divided into several categories with the same forming properties and to be studied systematically.The deformation zone in almost all types of stamping forming is in the plane stress state. Usually there is no force or only small force applied on the blank surface. When it is assumed that the stress perpendicular to the blank surface equal to zero, two principal stresses perpendicular to each other and act on the blank surface produce the plastic deformation of the material. Due to the small thickness of the blank, it is assumed approximately that the two principal stresses distribute uniformly along the thickness direction. Based on this analysis, the stress state andthe deformation characteristics of the deformation zone in all kind of stamping forming can be denoted by the point in the coordinates of the plane princ ipal stress(diagram of the stamping stress) and the coordinates of the corresponding plane principal stains (diagram of the stamping strain). The different points in the figures of the stamping stress and strain possess different stress state and deformation characteristics.(1) When the deformation zone of the stamping blank is subjected toplanetensile stresses, it can be divided into two cases, that is 0,t=0and 0,t=0.In both cases, the stress with the maximum absolute value is always a tensile stress. These two cases are analyzed respectively as follows.2)In the case that 0andt=0, according to the integral theory, the relationships between stresses and strains are:/(-m)=/(-m)=t/(t -m)=k1.1where, ,t are the principal strains of the radial, tangential and thickness directions of the axial symmetrical stamping forming; ,and tare the principal stresses of the radial, tangential and thickness directions of the axial symmetrical stamping forming;m is the average stress,m=(+t)/3; k is a constant.In plane stress state, Equation 1.13/(2-)=3/(2-t)=3t/-(t+)=k1.2Since 0,so 2-0 and 0.It indicates that in plane stress state with two axial tensile stresses, if the tensile stress with the maximum absolute value is , the principal strain in this direction must be positive, that is, the deformation belongs10to tensile forming.In addition, because 0,therefore -(t+)0 and t2,0;and when 0.The range of is =0 . In the equibiaxial tensile stress state = , according to Equation 1.2,=0 and t 0 and t=0, according to Equation 1.2 , 2 0 and 0,This result shows that for the plane stress state with two tensile stresses, when the absoluste value of is the strain in this direction must be positive, that is, it must be in the state of tensile forming.Also because0,therefore -(t+)0 and t,0;and when 0.14The range of is = =0 .When =,=0, that is, in equibiaxial tensile stress state, the tensile deformation with the same values occurs in the two tensile stress directions; when =0, =- /2, that is, in uniaxial tensile stress state, the deformation characteristic in this case is the same as that of the ordinary uniaxial tensile.This kind of deformation is in the region AON of the diagram of the stamping strain (see Fig.1.1), and in the region GOH of the diagram of the stamping stress (see Fig.1.2).Between above two cases of stamping deformation, the properties ofand, and the deformation caused by them are the same, only the direction of the maximum stress is different. These two deformations are same for isotropic homogeneous material.(1) When the deformation zone of stamping blank is subjected to two compressive stressesand(t=0), it can also be divided into two cases, which are 0,t=0 and 0,t=0.1)When 0 and t=0, according to Equation 1.2, 2-0 與 =0.Thisresult shows that in the plane stress state with two compressive stresses, if the stress with the maximum absolute value is 0, the strain in this direction must be negative, that is, in the state of compressive forming.Also because 0 and t0.The strain in the thicknessdirection of the blankt is positive, and the thickness increases.The deformation condition in the tangential direction depends on the valuesof and .When =2,=0;when 2,0;and when 0.The range of is 0.When =,it is in equibiaxial tensile stress state, hence=0; when =0,it is in uniaxial tensile stress state, hence =-/2.This kind of deformation condition is in the region EOG of the diagram of the stamping strain (see Fig.1.1), and in the region COD of the diagram of the stamping stress (see Fig.1.2).2)When 0and t=0, according to Equation 1.2,2- 0 and 0. Thisresult shows that in the plane stress state with two compressive stresses, if the stress with the maximum absolute value is , the strain in this direction must be negative, that is, in the state of compressive forming.Also because 0 and t0.The strain in thethickness direction of the blankt is positive, and the thickness increases.The deformation condition in the radial direction depends on the values of and . When =2, =0; when 2,0; and when 0.The range of is = =0 . When = , it is in equibiaxial tensile stress state, hence =0.This kind of deformation is in the region GOL of the diagram of the stamping strain (see Fig.1.1), and in the region DOE of the diagram of the stamping stress (see Fig.1.2).(3) The deformation zone of the stamping blank is subjected to two stresses with opposite signs, and the absolute value of the tensile stress is larger than that of the compressive stress. There exist two cases to be analyzed as follow:1) When 0, |, according to Equation 1.2, 2-0 and 0.This result shows that in the plane stress state with opposite signs, if the stress with the maximum absolute value is tensile, the strain in the maximum stress direction is positive, that is, in the state of tensile forming.Also because 0, |, therefore =-. When =-, then 0,0,0, |, according to Equation 1.2, bymeans of the same analysis mentioned above, 0, that is, the deformation zone is in the plane stress state with opposite signs. If the stress with the maximum absolute value is tensile stress , the strain in this direction is positive, that is, in the state of tensile forming. The strain in the radial direction is negative (=-. When =-, then 0, 0, 0,|, according to Equation 1.2, 2- 0 and 0 and 0, therefore 2- 0. The strain in the tensile stress direction is positive, or in the state of tensile forming.The range of is 0=-.When =-, then 0,0,0, |, according to Equation 1.2 and by means of the same analysis mentioned above,=-.When =-, then 0, 0, 0, and =-/2. Such deformation is in the region DOF of the15diagram of the stamping strain (see Fig.1.1), and in the region BOC of the diagram of the stamping stress (see Fig.1.2).The four deformation conditions are related to the corresponding stamping forming methods. Their relationships are labeled with letters in Fig.1.1 and Fig.1.2.The four deformation conditions analyzed above are applicable to all kinds of plane stress states, that is, the four deformation conditions can sum up all kinds of stamping forming in to two types, tensile and compressive. When the stress with the maximum absolute value in the deformation zone of the stamping blank is tensile, the deformation along this stress direction must be tensile. Such stamping deformation is called tensile forming. Based on above analysis, the tensile forming occupies five regions MON, AON, AOB, BOC and COD in the diagram of the stamping stain; and four regions FOG, GOH, AOH and AOB in the diagram of the stamping stress.When the stress with the maximum absolute value in the deformation zone of the stamping blank is compressive, the deformation along this stress direction must be compressive. Such stamping deformation is called compressive forming. Based on above analysis, the compressive forming occupies five regions LOM, HOL, GOH, FOG and DOF in the diagram of the stamping strain; and four regions EOF, DOE, COD and BOC in the diagram of the stamping stress.MD and FB are the boundaries of the two types of forming in the diagrams of the stamping strain and stress respectively. The tensile forming is located in the top right of the boundary, and the comp 機(jī) 械 加 工 工 藝 過 程 卡 零件號(hào)零 件 名 稱00-07凹模工序號(hào)工 序 名 稱設(shè) 備夾 具刀 具量 具工 時(shí)名 稱型 號(hào)名 稱規(guī) 格名 稱規(guī) 格名 稱規(guī) 格01下料(16017040)蒸汽錘直尺02粗銑六面銑床虎鉗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)面銑刀游標(biāo)卡尺03磨削磨床磁力夾具、虎鉗砂輪游標(biāo)卡尺04鉗工鉆床虎鉗鉆刀、鉸刀、攻絲刀高度尺、游標(biāo)卡尺05熱處理(淬火、回火)電熱爐火鉗06磨削磨床磁力夾具、虎鉗砂輪游標(biāo)卡尺07線切割線切割機(jī)床復(fù)式支撐夾具銅絲游標(biāo)卡尺08鉗工研磨工具游標(biāo)卡尺 編制 劉曼玉 校對(duì) 審核 批準(zhǔn) 機(jī) 械 加 工 工 藝 過 程 卡 零件號(hào)零 件 名 稱00-14凸凹模工序號(hào)工 序 名 稱設(shè) 備夾 具刀 具量 具工 時(shí)名 稱型 號(hào)名 稱規(guī) 格名 稱規(guī) 格名 稱規(guī) 格01下料(803555)蒸汽錘直尺02粗銑六面銑床虎鉗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)面銑刀游標(biāo)卡尺03磨削磨床磁力夾具、虎鉗砂輪游標(biāo)卡尺04鉗工虎鉗高度尺、游標(biāo)卡尺05熱處理(淬火、回火)電熱爐火鉗06磨削磨床磁力夾具、虎鉗砂輪游標(biāo)卡尺07線切割線切割機(jī)床復(fù)式支撐夾具銅絲游標(biāo)卡尺08鉗工研磨工具游標(biāo)卡尺 編制 劉曼玉 校對(duì) 審核 批準(zhǔn) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開題報(bào)告 題目回油管夾片沖壓成形工藝及模具設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名 班級(jí)學(xué)號(hào) 專業(yè) 一、課題的目的和意義:沖壓加工作為一個(gè)行業(yè),在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的加工行業(yè)中占有重要地位。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),沖壓件在各個(gè)行業(yè)中均占有相當(dāng)大的比重,尤其在汽車、電機(jī)、儀表、軍工、家電等方面所占比重更大。采用沖壓模具生產(chǎn)零部件,具有生產(chǎn)效益高,質(zhì)量好,成本低,節(jié)約能源和原料等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn),它已成為當(dāng)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的重要手段和工藝發(fā)展方向。模具工業(yè)已被我國正式確定為基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè),早在“十五”期間就被列為重點(diǎn)扶持產(chǎn)業(yè)。從1997年開始,我國模具工業(yè)產(chǎn)值超過了機(jī)床工業(yè)產(chǎn)值。因此模具對(duì)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展起著舉足輕重的作用。對(duì)于沖壓生產(chǎn)而言,單工位模具結(jié)構(gòu)單一,生產(chǎn)效率低,而且鈑金零件不能過于復(fù)雜,否則就需要多副單工位模具才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。如果采用級(jí)進(jìn)模進(jìn)行生產(chǎn),就可以改變這些缺點(diǎn)。標(biāo)志沖模技術(shù)先進(jìn)水平的精密多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模,具有生產(chǎn)周期短、用操作人員少、精度高、壽命長和生產(chǎn)效率高等特點(diǎn),因此我國重點(diǎn)發(fā)展的精密沖模。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),指導(dǎo)老師給我安排的是回油管夾片沖壓成形工藝及模具設(shè)計(jì)。通過對(duì)零件進(jìn)行工藝分析。經(jīng)過回顧大學(xué)所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí),參考相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料,以及指導(dǎo)老師指導(dǎo)之后,我初步理清了本次設(shè)計(jì)的基本思路,掌握了有關(guān)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的基本方法。希望通過完成本次設(shè)計(jì),我能更好地了解模具設(shè)計(jì)過程,進(jìn)一步的掌握模具的相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu),為今后步入模具行業(yè)打好堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。二、文獻(xiàn)綜述1、中國沖壓模具的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀中國沖壓模具的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀改革開放帶了我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入高速發(fā)展的時(shí)期,模具的市場的需求量也進(jìn)一步的增加。模具行業(yè)也一直以15%左右的增速再發(fā)展。因此帶來的模具工業(yè)企業(yè)的所有制成分的巨大變化,一些國有專業(yè)模具廠也如雨后春筍般的建立起來,同時(shí)也帶來了以集體、獨(dú)資、私營和合資等形式的快速發(fā)展。賦有“模具之鄉(xiāng)”的浙江寧波和黃巖地區(qū)是現(xiàn)今我國規(guī)模最大的兩個(gè)地方;廣東地區(qū)也漸漸掀起了開建模具廠的浪潮;其中科龍、康佳等集團(tuán)紛紛建立了自己的模具制造中心;中外合資或是外商獨(dú)資形式的模具企業(yè)現(xiàn)也有幾千家。近年許多模具企業(yè)加大了用于技術(shù)進(jìn)步的投資力度,將技術(shù)進(jìn)步視為企業(yè)發(fā)展的重要?jiǎng)恿?。一些國?nèi)模具企業(yè)已普及了二維CAD,并陸續(xù)開始使用UG、Pro/Engineer、I-DEAS、Euclid-IS等國際通用軟件,個(gè)別廠家還引進(jìn)了Moldflow、C-Flow、DYNAFORM、Optris和MAGMASOFT等CAE軟件,并成功應(yīng)用于沖壓模的設(shè)計(jì)中。以汽車覆蓋件模具為代表的大型沖壓模具的制造技術(shù)已取得很大進(jìn)步,東風(fēng)汽車公司模具廠、一汽模具中心等模具廠家已能生產(chǎn)部分轎車覆蓋件模具。此外,許多研究機(jī)構(gòu)和大專院校開展模具技術(shù)的研究和開發(fā)。經(jīng)過多年的努力,在模具CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)方面取得了顯著進(jìn)步;在提高模具質(zhì)量和縮短模具設(shè)計(jì)制造周期等方面做出了貢獻(xiàn)。例如,吉林大學(xué)汽車覆蓋件成型技術(shù)所獨(dú)立研制的汽車覆蓋件沖壓成型分析KMAS軟件,華中理工大學(xué)模具技術(shù)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開發(fā)的注塑模、汽車覆蓋件模具和級(jí)進(jìn)模CAD/CAE/CAM軟件,上海交通大學(xué)模具CAD國家工程研究中心開發(fā)的冷沖模和精沖研究中心開發(fā)的冷沖模和精沖模CAD軟件等在國內(nèi)模具行業(yè)擁有不少的用戶。雖然中國模具工業(yè)在過去十多年中取得了令人矚目的發(fā)展,但許多方面與工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家相比仍有較大的差距。例如,精密加工設(shè)備在模具加工設(shè)備中的比重比較低;CAD/CAE/CAM技術(shù)的普及率不高;許多先進(jìn)的模具技術(shù)應(yīng)用不夠廣泛等等,致使相當(dāng)一部分大型、精密、復(fù)雜和長壽命模具依賴進(jìn)口。2、中國沖壓模具的發(fā)展方向模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展應(yīng)該為適應(yīng)模具產(chǎn)品“交貨期短”、“精度高”、“質(zhì)量好”、“價(jià)格低”的要求服務(wù)。達(dá)到這一要求急需發(fā)展如下幾項(xiàng):(1)全面推廣CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)模具CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)是模具設(shè)計(jì)制造的發(fā)展方向。隨著微機(jī)軟件的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步,普及CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)的條件已基本成熟,各企業(yè)將加大CAD/CAM技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和技術(shù)服務(wù)的力度;進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大CAE技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍。計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展正使CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)跨地區(qū)、跨企業(yè)、跨院所地在整個(gè)行業(yè)中推廣成為可能,實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)資源的重新整合,使虛擬制造成為可能。(2)高速銑削加工國外近年來發(fā)展的高速銑削加工,大幅度提高了加工效率,并可獲得極高的表面光潔度。另外,還可加工高硬度模塊,還具有溫升低、熱變形小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。高速銑削加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展,對(duì)汽車、家電行業(yè)中大型型腔模具制造注入了新的活力。目前它已向更高的敏捷化、智能化、集成化方向發(fā)展。(3)模具掃描及數(shù)字化系統(tǒng)高速掃描機(jī)和模具掃描系統(tǒng)提供了從模型或?qū)嵨飹呙璧郊庸こ銎谕哪P退璧闹T多功能,大大縮短了模具的在研制制造周期。有些快速掃描系統(tǒng),可快速安裝在已有的數(shù)控銑床及加工中心上,實(shí)現(xiàn)快速數(shù)據(jù)采集、自動(dòng)生成各種不同數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的加工程序、不同格式的CAD數(shù)據(jù),用于模具制造業(yè)的“逆向工程”。模具掃描系統(tǒng)已在汽車、摩托車、家電等行業(yè)得到成功應(yīng)用,相信在“十五”期間將發(fā)揮更大的作用。 (4)電火花銑削加工電火花銑削加工技術(shù)也稱為電火花創(chuàng)成加工技術(shù),這是一種替代傳統(tǒng)的用成型電極加工型腔的新技術(shù),它是有高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的簡單的管狀電極作三維或二維輪廓加工(像數(shù)控銑一樣),因此不再需要制造復(fù)雜的成型電極,這顯然是電火花成形加工領(lǐng)域的重大發(fā)展。國外已有使用這種技術(shù)的機(jī)床在模具加工中應(yīng)用。預(yù)計(jì)這一技術(shù)將得到發(fā)展。(5)提高模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度我國模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度正在不斷提高,估計(jì)目前我國模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件使用覆蓋率已達(dá)到30%左右。國外發(fā)達(dá)國家一般為80%左右。(6)優(yōu)質(zhì)材料及先進(jìn)表面處理技術(shù)選用優(yōu)質(zhì)鋼材和應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的表面處理技術(shù)來提高模具的壽命就顯得十分必要。模具熱處理和表面處理是否能充分發(fā)揮模具鋼材料性能的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。模具熱處理的發(fā)展方向是采用真空熱處理。模具表面處理除完善應(yīng)發(fā)展工藝先進(jìn)的氣相沉積(TiN、TiC等)、等離子噴涂等技術(shù)。 (7)模具研磨拋光將自動(dòng)化、智能化模具表面的質(zhì)量對(duì)模具使用壽命、制件外觀質(zhì)量等方面均有較大的影響,研究自動(dòng)化、智能化的研磨與拋光方法替代現(xiàn)有手工操作,以提高模具表面質(zhì)量是重要的發(fā)展趨勢。 (8)模具自動(dòng)加工系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展這是我國長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。模具自動(dòng)加工系統(tǒng)應(yīng)有多臺(tái)機(jī)床合理組合;配有隨行定位夾具或定位盤;有完整的機(jī)具、刀具數(shù)控庫;有完整的數(shù)控柔性同步系統(tǒng);有質(zhì)量監(jiān)測控制系統(tǒng)。我國沖壓模具與發(fā)達(dá)國家企業(yè)之間的差距不小,因此要發(fā)揮整體優(yōu)勢和綜合競爭力,要加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)、完善合作機(jī)制,創(chuàng)造性地工作。也需要加大對(duì)模具相關(guān)專業(yè)人才的綜合素質(zhì)培訓(xùn)投入。三、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書1、課題名稱回油管夾片沖壓成形工藝及模具設(shè)計(jì)。2、設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容與步驟(1)沖壓零件的工藝性分析:材料的沖壓性能分析、結(jié)構(gòu)形狀工藝性分析、尺寸的工藝性分析、精度的工藝性分析等。(2)沖壓工藝的總體方案的分析和確定:單工序模方案、拉伸模具方案、復(fù)合模方案、級(jí)進(jìn)模方案的對(duì)比,最終確定的方案;(3)基于所確定的總體方案,進(jìn)行排樣設(shè)計(jì):擬定工位數(shù)、各工位的沖壓性質(zhì)和沖壓順序,繪制板料的排樣圖;(4)基于總體方案和排樣方案,進(jìn)行工藝計(jì)算,如:凸凹模尺寸及偏差、間隙、變形力、壓力中心、卸料力等計(jì)算;(5)模具關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)的方案設(shè)計(jì):凸凹模結(jié)構(gòu)形式、導(dǎo)向、導(dǎo)料、定位、卸料等;(6)模具總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與確定:基于上述內(nèi)容,設(shè)計(jì)并確定模具總體結(jié)構(gòu),描述模具的工作原理和工藝動(dòng)作,并繪制二維裝配圖;(7)選擇合理的沖壓設(shè)備(考慮設(shè)備噸位與變形力的吻合、沖裁封閉高度與設(shè)備裝模高度的吻合、模具的平面尺寸與設(shè)備工作臺(tái)面尺寸的吻合等);(8)進(jìn)行模具零件的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì):確定模具中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件(聯(lián)結(jié)零件:螺釘、銷釘、彈性元件等)的型號(hào)和數(shù)量,對(duì)模具中的非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸設(shè)計(jì),繪制相應(yīng)的二維零件圖;(9)編制模具中主要零件的制造工藝方案和加工方法;(10)撰寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書;(11)所有設(shè)計(jì)文檔、資料的整理、收尾、答辯。3、繪圖任務(wù)(1) 模具總裝配圖(2) 模具零件圖(3) 模具總成三維圖(可選)(4) 模具主要零件三維圖(可選)四、設(shè)計(jì)過程進(jìn)度計(jì)劃(1)第五周(2011-3-212011-3-27):完成以下航設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容中的“1-2”(2)第六周(3-284-3):完成以上設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容的“3-5”(3)第七八周(4-44-17):完成以上設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容的“6-7”(4)第九十周(4-185-1):完成以上設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容的“8”(5)第十一、十二周(5-25-15):完成以上設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容中的“9”(6)第十三、十四周(5-165-29):完成以上設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容中的“10”(7)第十五周(5-306-5):完成以上設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容中的“11”指導(dǎo)教師批閱意見 指導(dǎo)教師(簽名): 年 月 日注:可另附A4紙
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