（備考2020）中考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編 專(zhuān)題十八 任務(wù)型閱讀（含解析）

專(zhuān)題十八 任務(wù)型閱讀1.(2019河北) 閱讀短文，并按要求完成6670題Critical thinking(批判性思維) is trying to improve the way you think. People use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims(評(píng)估主張).Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice. When a problem comes our way, we need to think critically to decide how to solve it. When we see an advertisement, for example, we should stop and think. Advertisements are made to make people feel certain that they are true, and then people can buy the products. But is what the advertisement says true? Is it making a claim? Or does it only interest us? Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices. In fact, we are using it if we ask questions naturally about what we see.Practice makes perfect. While you are growing in critical thinking, youll become a wiser and more thoughtful person. There are many ways of doing practice. Here are a few. Read about a topic people disagree on. Look at articles or books on all sides of the subject. For each side of the subject, think carefully and evaluate it. When you see or hear a claim, ask questions about it. Who is making the claim and why?Evaluate your own thinking. Where and why do you think uncritically? How can you improve?Critical thinking should be part of everything we do. It may help you to succeed at work or school. Make yourself into a habit of critical thinking. Change your thoughts and change your world.66、67題完成句子；68題簡(jiǎn)略回答問(wèn)題；69題找出并寫(xiě)下第二段的主題句；70題將文中畫(huà)線句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。66. People use critical thinking to _ and evaluate claims.67. Critical thinking can stop us from _.68. What kind of person will you become as you grow in critical thinking?_69. _70. _【答案】：66. solve problems.     67. making poor choices.    68. Ill become a wiser and more thoughtful person.69. Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice.70. 它可能在工作或?qū)W校幫助你成功。66. solve problems.     67. making poor choices.    68. Ill become a wiser and more thoughtful person.69. Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice.70. 它可能在工作或?qū)W校幫助你成功?！窘馕觥浚?6. 細(xì)節(jié)題，較簡(jiǎn)單。考察精確查找答案的能力。根據(jù)題意鎖定第一段第二句 “ People use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims.” 可知答案。67. 細(xì)節(jié)題，較簡(jiǎn)單。通過(guò)題目關(guān)鍵詞找到第二段倒數(shù)第二句 “ Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices.” 為原句可知答案。68. 細(xì)節(jié)題，較簡(jiǎn)單。認(rèn)真讀題，通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞 “ as you grow in critical thinking” 找到原句為第三段第二句 “ While you are growing in critical thinking, youll become a wiser and more thoughtful person.” 可知答案。此題需要注意兩點(diǎn)。1）是原句中的 “ while” 和題目中的 “ as” 是同義詞，“當(dāng).的時(shí)候”的意思。2）任務(wù)型閱讀中68題簡(jiǎn)略回答問(wèn)題如果問(wèn)題中有第二人稱(chēng)時(shí)，在回答的時(shí)候需要變成相對(duì)應(yīng)的第一人稱(chēng)。69. 考察主題句。段落的主題句通常為某段的第一句，此題也不例外。通過(guò)對(duì)第二段的理解可知，該段第一句為主題句，后面內(nèi)容都是對(duì)第一句的舉例及說(shuō)明。此題較為簡(jiǎn)單。70. 此題難度較低。翻譯時(shí)需要注意短語(yǔ)help sb to do 及succeed“成功”的中文釋義。2.(2019揚(yáng)州)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答題卡標(biāo)有題號(hào)的橫線上，寫(xiě)成空缺處所填單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）Nowadays, many people in China and Japan are racing against time. They put a lot of value in “being on time”. However, in some countries of the world, people have different opinions on “being on time”.GermanyThanks to its industrial past, in Germany you are expected to arrive at least ten minutes earlier for any planned meeting.In Germany, being on time is risky enough because your hosts will probably already be there waiting, wondering how on earth you could be so stupid. What will you do if anything unexpected happens, like heavy traffic or a sudden rain? So remember to arrive early in Germany.Saudi ArabiaSome countries care little about time and Saudi Arabia is one of them. Its because of their long history of desert living where time is not the first thing to think about. It could be that its too hot to do anything on time. So dont expect them to be on time. Moreover, looking at your watch during an event is even considered as bad manners. So dont get angry with them, either.GhanaMost meeting times can be changed, even if an exact time is given, Ghanaians are very relaxed and easygoing. They think that if everyone is late, then no one is late. After all, what cant be done today can get done tomorrow. If you find it difficult to deal with, prepare to be unhappy. Otherwise, sit back enjoy the ride.RussiaPatience is considered a very important quality in Russian culture but being on time is not. When doing business in Russia, do be on time. Otherwise, it will be considered disrespectful. But Russians wont hold themselves to the same standard. So, again, patience can be key.How differently people _56_ “being on time” in different countries_57_Different opinions on “being on time”China and JapanBoth Chinese and Japanese think it_58_to be on time.Germany_59_expect you to arrive early for any planned meeting because of the influence of their industrial past.You are thought to be stupid _60_you arrive at least ten minutes earlier.Saudi ArabiaTime is not the_61_thing for people living in the desert to consider.Looking at your watch during an event is considered to be_62_GhanaGhanaians think that if everyone is late, then_63_ is late.Most meeting times can be changed. You might be unhappy if you cant accept it. RussiaBe patient in Russia because its very important quality in its _64_.While doing business in Russia, you should be on time, though Russians are not strict with_65_ in it.【答案與解析】：56.think / consider 57. Countries 58.valuable 59. Germans 60. unless61.first 62.rude / impolite 63.nobody 64.culture 65.themselves解析：56.think / consider 根據(jù)文中第一段第三句的have different opinions轉(zhuǎn)換得57. Countries 根據(jù)表格第一列都是各國(guó)家名可得答案country，注意首字母大寫(xiě)58.valuable根據(jù)文中第一段第二句的value轉(zhuǎn)換可得59. Germans根據(jù)文中第二段的in Germany可得60. unless根據(jù)文中第三段第一句句意可得61.first 根據(jù)文中第四段第二句可得62.impolite或rude根據(jù)文中第四段倒數(shù)第二句bad manners可得63.nobody 根據(jù)文中第五段第二句no one轉(zhuǎn)換可得64.culture 根據(jù)最后一段第一句可得 65.themselves根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可得3. (2019涼山州) 完成表格。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成表格中所缺的信息，并將其答案的完整形式寫(xiě)在答題卡上相應(yīng)的位置。每空一詞。 When l was a teenager growing up in a town, I felt studying very boring, I wanted to leave school and have my own life. There were only two ways for me to do thisworking in the toy factory in my town, or getting married. I chose the first one. I was nervous when I told myfather that I wanted to leave school. I thought he would say, “No! You are going to college.” Instead, he surprised me when he said, “OK. Well go to the toy factory.” Two days later, he took me to the factory. I had a very romantic idea of working in a factory. I had imagined everyone to be friendly working together and having fun. I even imagined there would be music and singing. I guess I had watched too many movies as a teenager. When we arrived at the factory gates, my father spoke to the guard and one minute later we went inside. My father said, “Take your time. Look around.” I walked around the factory, looking at the buildings, the workers, and listening to the noise. It was terrible. I ran back to my father and said, “I want to go home.”He asked me, “What do you think of the factory?”“Its terrible.” I replied.“You have the other choice if you dont want to go back to school. But I think getting married is even worse!” he said.I went back to school the next day. From then on, I studied as hard as I could. Finally I got into a good college. I enjoyed studying English, so I decided to major in languages at college. Thanks to my father and our trip to the factory, now I work in a company which is a big one in a city. And my father takes pride in me. I married a very good man and my life is much better than it would have been working in the factory! A 96 to a factory with my fatherAt schoolI felt bored to 97 .I have 98 choices if I leave school.I didnt choose to get 99 . I choose to work in a toy factory.I told my father about the decision and he 100 . In the factoryThe factory I 101 The workers would have 102 working together. There would be music and singing. The factory I walk aroundIts terrible to have much 103 .At 104 I majored in languages because I like English. In a big companyI have a good family.My father is 105 of my.【答案與解析】作者感到學(xué)習(xí)很無(wú)聊她的爸爸帶她去了一家玩具工廠，看到工廠的情況以后，她決定回到學(xué)校努力學(xué)習(xí)后來(lái)考上了一所好大學(xué)，主修語(yǔ)言，現(xiàn)在在城里的一個(gè)大公司工作（1）visit考查名詞根據(jù)文章介紹可知，作者的爸爸帶著她去了工廠， he took me to the factory看到了工廠工人的工作狀態(tài)和，工作環(huán)境因此我們可以看出這個(gè)句子的意思是"和爸爸去工廠的一次參觀"，所以填寫(xiě)名詞visit故答案為visit（2）study考查動(dòng)詞根據(jù)句子 I felt studying very boring，"我感到學(xué)習(xí)很無(wú)聊"，可以確定此處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)study，這和原文的句子意思相同，在動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的后面用原形故答案為study（3）two考查數(shù)詞根據(jù)文中的句子There were onlytwo ways for me to do this，"我有兩條路可走"，可以看出，如果作者不上學(xué)只有兩個(gè)選擇：到玩具廠工作或者結(jié)婚故答案為two（4）married考查形容詞根據(jù)文中的句子 I chose the first one，"我選擇了第一個(gè)"作者不上學(xué)只有兩箱條路可走，一是working in the toy factory ，另一個(gè)是getting married"第一個(gè)"也就是working in the toy factory所以她沒(méi)有選擇結(jié)婚，應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)married句子的意思是"她沒(méi)有選擇結(jié)婚"故答案為married（5）agreed考查動(dòng)詞根據(jù)第一段最后的句子 I thought he would say，"No! Youare going to college" Instead， he surprised me when he said， "OKWe'll go to the toy factory，"我認(rèn)為他會(huì)說(shuō)相反，好吧，我們就去玩具工廠"說(shuō)明作者的父親同意了她的要求因此要填寫(xiě)"同意"，agreed， 和前面的句子在時(shí)態(tài)上保持一致，因此也用過(guò)去式的形式故答案agreed（6）imagined考查動(dòng)詞根據(jù)表格右側(cè)內(nèi)容，作者想象當(dāng)中工廠的"工人在一起工作是很開(kāi)心的，還有音樂(lè)和歌聲"再結(jié)合原文的句子I had jmagined everyone確定這是作者原來(lái)想象的情況，所以這個(gè)短語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是the factory I imaginedI imagined是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the factory意思是"我想象中的工廠"此處填寫(xiě)imagined，和原文的大部分句子時(shí)態(tài)一致，用過(guò)去式的形式故答案為imagined（7）fun考查名詞根據(jù)原文的句子 I had imagined everyone to be friendly working together and having fun  "我想象在一起工作，每個(gè)人都很友好，而且很開(kāi)心"所以應(yīng)該填名詞fun，"有趣的事情"，have fun doing sth意思是"做某事很開(kāi)心"故答案為fun（8）noise考查名詞根據(jù)文中and listeing to the noise，知道這是作者在工廠看到的現(xiàn)象，所以應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)不可數(shù)名詞noise，"噪音"故答案為noise（9）last考查副詞文中說(shuō)Finally I gotinto a good college  I enjoyed studying English， so I decided to major in languages at college，"最后我上了一所好大學(xué)，我喜歡學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)，所以決定在大學(xué)主修語(yǔ)言"句首的Finally意思是"最后"，相當(dāng)于at last因此此題應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)last 故答案為last（10）proud考查形容詞原文說(shuō) Andmy father takes pride in me，"我的爸爸為我感到自豪"短語(yǔ)take pride in的意思是"為感到自豪"，相當(dāng)于be proud of 根據(jù)橫線前邊的is和后邊的of確定，這里應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)形容詞proud，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)be proud of 故答案為proud4. (2019天津)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成句子Friends are an important part of our livesWe spend time with them，have fun togetherand share our opinions， feelings and even secretsLife would be boring without friends Friends influence who we arehelp us learn， support（支持）us in good and bad timesand care for us even when we are not happy Oftenwe have many happy moments with our friendsWe need someone to share things with to make them more enjoyableBeing lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling That is why it is important to spend time making friends and nurturing（維持），a close group of friends It is important to have a friend to talk to，whether（不論） it is about a sad or happy subject In good times， it is wonderful to be able to celebrate with someoneIt is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experienceFriends arc important pillars（中心人物）of support Friends teach us important lessons No two persons are the same As time goes by， we learn to respect one another's differencesThis acceptance of others' differences is important as we meet more and more people in our lives， such as new family members，neighbours and new friends（1）Life without friends（2）Being lonely for long periods of time （3）It is important to have a friend to talk to， whether （4）You need someone to support you if （5）No two persons are the same， so we should 【答案與解析】本文介紹的是朋友的重要性，以及如何與朋友相處（1）would be boring細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)第一段最后的句子Life would be boring without friends，"沒(méi)有朋友，生活將是很無(wú)聊的"，可確定此處要填寫(xiě)would be boring故答案為would be boring（2）is not a great feeling細(xì)節(jié)理解題第三段最后的句子Being lonely for long periods of time is not a great feeling，意思是"長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的寂寞不是一種好的感覺(jué)"根據(jù)這個(gè)句子判定此處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)is not a great feeling答案為is not a great feeling（3）it is about a sad or happy subject細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)文中的句子 It is important to have a friend to talk to，whether it is about a sad or happy subject，"有一個(gè)朋友去聊天兒是很重要的，不管你談的是難過(guò)的還是快樂(lè)的話題"因此應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)it is about a sad or happy subject故答案為it is about a sad or happy subject（4）you have just had an unpleasant experience細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)文中的句子 It is also important to have someone support you if you have just had an unpleasant experience可以確定此題答案是you have just had an unpleasant experience這話的意思是"如果你剛剛有一個(gè)不愉快的經(jīng)歷，你需要有人來(lái)支持你"故答案為you have just had an unpleasant experience（5）learn to respect one another's differences細(xì)節(jié)理解題文章說(shuō)No two persons are the same As time goes by， we learn to respect one another's differences，"沒(méi)有兩個(gè)人是相同的隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我們學(xué)會(huì)尊重別人的差別"，因此看出此處要填寫(xiě)learn to respect one another's differences故答案為learn to respect one another's differences5. (2019德州) 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成句子It is a great thing to help others. First, you can learn new things. Second, it can also make you feel good. How can you do it? Helping through charities (慈善團(tuán)體) is a good idea. Charities are organizations (組織) that help others. September 5 is the International Day of Charity. You can help charities by giving your time, giving money or giving things that you own. Volunteering Volunteering is to give time to help others without pay. Some ways of volunteering are:visiting old people to talk to them or help them walking dogs at an animal shelter (收容所) cleaning up a park73 helping some children. You can teach the children without life skills how to take care of themselves. Fundraising Fundraising is to collect or produce money to a charity to help others. Some ways of fundraising are: making cakes or biscuits to sell doing sponsored (有贊助的) activities. For example, families and friends give you money if you finish a long walk. Donating Donating is to give your things to a charity to help others. Some ways of donating are: giving your old toys or clothes to a charity that helps sick children or poor people giving your old books to a library. So, what can you do to help others?71. Why is it a great thing to help others? (at least one) _72. Which day is the International Day of Charity? _73. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. _74. Mary makes some money by drawing pictures. She gives the money to a charity. It is a way of _. (填寫(xiě)序號(hào)A或B或C) A. volunteering B. fundraising C. donating75. Give a proper title to the passage. _【答案與解析】本篇講述了幫助他人是一樣對(duì)自己有益的事情。同時(shí)，介紹了幾種幫助他人的方式。71. 根據(jù)文章第一段，幫助他人的好處有兩條“First, you can learn new things. Second, it can also make you feel good.”所以可以回答“Because you can learn new things.”或者“Because it can make you feel good.”72. 根據(jù)文章第二段“September 5 is the International Day of Charity.”，所以可回答“It is September 5.”73. 翻譯題，“你可以教沒(méi)有生活技能的孩子們?nèi)绾握疹欁约骸！?4. 根據(jù)文章中“Fundraising is to collect or produce money to a charity to help others. ”可知這種方式是通過(guò)籌錢(qián)或者賺錢(qián)的方式把錢(qián)給慈善組織來(lái)幫助他人，可知選擇B。75. 根據(jù)文章第一二段可將最佳標(biāo)題歸納為“How to help others”。5. （2019重慶A卷）閱讀下文并回答問(wèn)題。In Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, there is a group of people who are busy drawing maps around. They are not workers on geography, but dispatchers(調(diào)度員) on Emergency(急救) Center of the city.Since 2007, the dispatchers in the center have been drawing maps of the local areas.“A dispatchers job is counted in seconds,” says Liang Ruimei, a dispatcher in the center. She has been working in ther center since it started in 2007. “We must answer the phone in 3 seconds, get clear information about the patient in 60 seconds and dispatch(調(diào)度) emergency medical workers in 3 minutes at most. If we save one second, the patient may have a better chance to live.” Although nowadays the center has electronic maps, the dispatchers still walk through the streets to draw maps by hand. After many years hard work, the dispatchers keep every building and street of the city in mind. They even know whether or not a car can enter the gate of a building. Sometimes the caller cant tell clearly where he is, but it doesnt matter. As long as he describes the buildings around, the dispatcher can dispatch emergency medical workers to him.“We are trying to be quicker than Death,” says Liang.65. Is Liang Ruimei a dispatcher in Emergency Center of Jinzhong?66. When did Emergency Center of Jinzhong start?67. To be quicker than Death, what do the dispatchers in Emergency Center of Jinzhong do?68. Do you think it necessary for dispatchers to draw maps by hand when they have electronic maps? Why or why not?【答案與解析】65. Yes, she is.解析：由第三段第一句可知答案。66. In 2007.解析：由第三段第二句可知答案。67. They remember every corner of the city through hand-made maps, and dispatch emergency medical workers to the right place as soon as possible.解析：通讀全文可推知，這些調(diào)度員通過(guò)手繪地圖來(lái)記住城市的每一個(gè)角落，以求做到以最快的速度把進(jìn)行急救的醫(yī)務(wù)人員送到正確的地方，爭(zhēng)分奪秒，挽救生命。68. Yes. Because maps by hand show small facts of the city more correctly and electronic maps may not work sometimes.No. Because electronic maps are easier to use and can show the latest road situation.解析：此題為開(kāi)放性試題。7.(2019棗莊)讀下面有關(guān)一個(gè)學(xué)生問(wèn)題的文章，在每個(gè)題目下做簡(jiǎn)短的筆記Dear MrHunt，My problem is that I can't get on with my family Relations between my parents have become difficult They fight a lot， and I really don't like it It's the only communication they have I dont know if I should say anything to them about this When they argue， it's like a big， black cloud hanging over our home Also，my elder brother is not very nice to me He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night I don't think this is fair， At home I always feel lonely and nervous Is that normal？ What can I do？Sad and ThirteenDear Sad and Thirteen，It's not easy being your age， and it's nor these feelings Why don't you talk about these feelings with your family？ If your parents are having problems， you should offer to help Maybe you could do more jobs around the house so that they have more time for proper communication Secondly， why don't you sit down and communicate with your brother？ You should explain that you don't mind him watching TV all the time However，he should let you watch your favorite show， I hope things will be better for you soonMrHunt11. The writer's main problem：_The writer's problem about his/her parents：_12. The writer's problem about his/her brother：_The writer's problem about himself/herself：_13. The advice that MrHunt gives about his/ her problem with his/her brother：_14. Please find the sentence in the passage that has the same meaning as"He doesn't always allow me to watch the TV program I like best"（請(qǐng)?jiān)诒疚闹姓遗c劃線句子意思相同的句子）_15. The language goals（語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)） of this passage：_【答案與解析】11. (1). He can't get on with his family (2). Relations between his parents have become difficultThey fight a lot 12. (1). His elder brother is not very nice to him (2). Talk about problems and give advice 13. Sit down and communicate with his brother 14. He always refuses to let me watcch my favorite TV show 15. Talk about problems and give advice本文是一篇綜合型閱讀，主要介紹了一個(gè)男孩寫(xiě)給Mr. Hunt的一封信，以及Mr. Hunt給他回復(fù)的相關(guān)建議。【11題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文 My problem is that I can't get on with my family，我的問(wèn)題就是我不能和我的家人相處好Relations between my pa