《小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》word版.doc

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I詢問名字年齡。 1, ----What’s your name? ----你叫什么名字？ ----My name is ________. ----我叫……。 2, ----How old are you? ----你幾歲了？ ----I’m 12. ----我十二歲。 I I 詢問顏色。 1, ----What colour is it? ----它是什么顏色的？ ----It’s yellow and white. ----黃白相間。 2, ----What colour are they? ----它們是什么顏色的？ ----They’re green. ----綠色的。 III 詢問數(shù)量或價(jià)錢。 1, ----How many kites can you see? ----你可以看見幾只風(fēng)箏？ ----I can see 12. ----我可以看見十二只風(fēng)箏。 2, ----How many crayons do you have? ----你有多少支彩筆？ ----I have 16. ----我有十六支。 3, ----How many people are there in your family? ----你家有幾口人？ ----Three. ----三口人。 4, ----How much is this dress? ----這條連衣裙多少錢？ ----It’s ninety-nine yuan. ----九十九元。 5, ----How much are these apples? ----這些蘋果多少錢？ ----They’re thirty-five yuan. ----三十五元。 IV 詢問時(shí)間或日期。 1, ----What time is it now? ----現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)鐘？ ----It’s nine o’clock. It’s time for English class. ----九點(diǎn)。該上英語(yǔ)課了。 (----It’s eight o’clock. It’s time to go to bed.) （----八點(diǎn)。該上床睡覺了。） 2, ----What day is it today? ----今天星期幾？ ----It’s Monday. ----星期一。 (----What do we have on Mondays? （----我們星期一上哪些課？ ----We have Chinese, English, math …) ----語(yǔ)文、英語(yǔ)、數(shù)學(xué)……） 3, ----When is your birthday? ----你的生日是什么時(shí)候？ ----It’s October 1st, our National Day. ----十月一日，國(guó)慶節(jié)。 4, ----When do you do morning exercises? ----你們什么時(shí)候做早鍛煉？ ----I usually do morning exercises at 8:30. ----我們通常8：30做早鍛煉。 V 詢問方位或地方。 1, ----Where is my toy car? ----我的玩具汽車在哪兒？ ----It’s here, under the chair. ----在這兒，在椅子下面。 2, ----Where is the canteen? ----餐廳在哪兒？ ----It’s on the first floor. ----在一樓。 3, ----Where are the keys? ----鑰匙在哪兒？ ----They’re in the door. ----在門上。 4, ----Excuse me. Where is the library, please? ----對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)問圖書館在哪兒？ ----It’s near the post office. ----在郵局附近。 5, ----Where are you from? ----你從哪兒來？ ----I’m from China. ----我從中國(guó)來。 6, ----Where does the rain come from? ----雨是從哪兒來的？ ----It comes from the clouds. ----它是從云層里來的。 VI 詢問想吃的東西。 1, ----What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner? ----你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃點(diǎn)什么？ ----I’d like some bread and milk / rice and soup. ----我想吃面包和牛奶/米飯和湯。 2, ----What’s for breakfast / lunch / dinner? ----早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？ ----Hamburgers and orange juice. ----漢堡包和橙汁。 VII 詢問天氣狀況。 1, ----What’s the weather like in Beijing? ----北京的天氣如何？ ----It’s rainy today. How about New York? ----今天是雨天。紐約呢？ ----It’s sunny and hot. ----今天是晴天，天氣很熱。 VIII 詢問身體狀況或情緒。 1, ----How do you feel? ----你感覺如何？ ----I feel sick. ----我覺得不舒服。 2, ----What’s the matter? ----怎么了？ ----My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat. ----我的喉嚨疼。 3, ----How are you, Sarah? You look so sad. ----你好嗎，莎拉？你看起來這么傷心。 ----I failed the math test. ----我的數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有通過。 IX詢問職業(yè)、身份或人物。 1, ----What’s your father / mother? ----你的父親 / 母親是做什么的？ ----He’s a doctor. / She’s a teacher. ----他是一名醫(yī)生。/ 她是一名教師。 2, ----What does your mother / father do? ----你的母親 / 父親是做什么的？ ----She’s a TV reporter. / He’s a teacher. He teaches English. ----她是一名電視臺(tái)記者。/他是一名教師。他教英語(yǔ)。 3, ----Who’s that man / woman? ----那位男士 / 女士是誰(shuí)？ ----He’s my father. / She’s my mother. ----他是我父親。 / 她是我母親。 4, ----Who’s this boy / girl? ----那個(gè)男孩兒 / 女孩兒是誰(shuí)？ ----He’s my brother. / She’s my sister. ----他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。 5, ----Who’s your art teacher? ----你們的美術(shù)老師是誰(shuí)？ ----Miss Wang. ----王老師。 ----What’s she like? ----她長(zhǎng)什么樣兒？ ----She’s young and thin. ----她很年輕、苗條。 X 詢問興趣、喜好。 1, ----What’s your favourite food / drink? ----你最喜歡的食物 / 飲料是什么？ ----Fish / orange juice. ----魚。 / 橙汁。 2, ----What’s your favourite season? ----你最喜歡的季節(jié)是什么？ ----Winter. ----冬天。 (----Which season do you like best? （----你最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)？ ----Winter.) ----冬天。） ----Why do you like winter? ----你為什么喜歡冬天？ ----Because I can make a snowman. ----因?yàn)榭梢远蜒┤恕? 3, ----What’s your hobby? ----你的愛好是什么？ ----I like collecting stamps. ----我喜歡集郵。 ----What’s his hobby? ----他的愛好是什么？ ----He likes riding a bike. ----他喜歡騎自行車。 4, ----Do you like peaches? ----你喜歡吃桃子嗎？ ----Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. ----喜歡。/ 不喜歡。 XI 詢問平時(shí)一般或通常做的事情。 1, ----What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? ----你星期六 / 周末一般做什么？ ----I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football. ----我通常做作業(yè)，有時(shí)候踢足球。 XII 詢問正在做的事情。 1, ----What are you doing? ----你在做什么？ ----I’m doing the dishes. ----我在洗盤子。 2, ----What’s your father doing? ----你父親正在做什么？ ----He’s writing an e-mail. ----他正在寫電子郵件。 3, ----What’s Mike doing? ----邁克正在干什么？ ----He’s watching insects. ----他正在觀察昆蟲。 4, ----What’s the tiger doing? ----那只老虎在干什么？ ----It’s running. ----它在奔跑。 5, ----What are the elephants doing? ----那些大象在干什么？ ----They’re drinking. ----它們正在喝水。 XIII 詢問將要做的事情。 1, ----What are you going to do? ----你準(zhǔn)備做什么？ ----I’m going to the cinema. ----我準(zhǔn)備去看電影。 ----When are you going to do? ----你準(zhǔn)備什么時(shí)候去？ ----This afternoon. ----今天下午。 2, ----Where are you going this afternoon? ----今天下午你準(zhǔn)備到哪兒去？ ----I’m going to the bookstore. ----我準(zhǔn)備到書店去。 ----What are you going to buy? ----你打算買點(diǎn)兒什么？ ----I’m going to buy a comic book. ----我準(zhǔn)備買本漫畫書。 時(shí)態(tài)： 1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) 一般在這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)里會(huì)出現(xiàn)always、usually、often、seldom、never。這表是平率。找到這些詞后，再找人稱。如果人是一個(gè)人的話（單數(shù)），動(dòng)詞就加s或es，有時(shí)候會(huì)去f或fe為v+es，甚至不規(guī)則變化。例如：fish變?yōu)閒ish。如果人是兩個(gè)人以上動(dòng)詞就不變。 2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) be動(dòng)詞=動(dòng)詞的ing形式。例如：The boy is sing.男孩正在唱歌。因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)男孩是單數(shù)所以be動(dòng)詞用is。The children are playing。孩子們正在玩耍。因?yàn)楹⒆觽兪莾蓚€(gè)人以上（children是復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)為child）所以be動(dòng)詞用are。 3、過去時(shí)態(tài) 找時(shí)間，再把動(dòng)詞改為過去式。動(dòng)詞的過去式要死記硬背。例如：I ate an apple last night.（昨晚我吃了個(gè)蘋果。） 4、將來時(shí)態(tài) 表示將來要做的事情。is\are going to+動(dòng)詞原形?；蛘遷ill +動(dòng)詞原形。例如：Mary is going to shopping tomorrow.（Mary明天打算去購(gòu)物。）換一種說法就是Mary will shopping tomorrow. 5、過去完成時(shí)態(tài) 要背過去分詞。have\has been。been代表過去分詞。例如：go-gone （去） eat-eaten（吃） 簡(jiǎn)要語(yǔ)法 1.人稱代詞 主格： I we you she he it they 賓格： me us you her him it them 形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their 名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí) (1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er older taller longer stronger, etc (2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more more interesting, etc. (3) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把y變i，再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不規(guī)則變化： well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 大多數(shù)名詞 + s a book –books 名詞以y結(jié)尾，變y+ ies， a story—stories 名詞以 s, sh, ch,x 結(jié)尾+es a glass—glasses a watch-watches 名詞以o結(jié)尾 +s或+es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes 名詞以f 或fe 結(jié)尾，去f或fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變) bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5. 縮略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not 6. a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour 7. 介詞: on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示時(shí)間： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 one – first two-second three-third twenty-twentieth 9. Some /any 一般式用some I have some toys in my bedroom. 疑問或否定用any Do you have any brothers or sisters? 10. be 動(dòng)詞 (1) 基本態(tài): am/are/is (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London. My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long. （3）一般疑問句： Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句： There is a … There are … 一般疑問句: Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t. 否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t…. 12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please. 13. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).通常用“now”. 形式： be + 動(dòng)詞+ing I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 動(dòng)詞 —ing 的形式 大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞+ing walk—walking 動(dòng)詞以 e結(jié)尾，去e + ing come—coming 動(dòng)詞最后一個(gè)字母前是元音，雙寫最后一個(gè)字母+ing run –running swim—swimming 14 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 形式： 肯定句： I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day. 一般疑問句: Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening. 15. (情態(tài))動(dòng)詞can,must, should 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。 1. I / He / She / They can sing. 2．You should keep quiet in the library. 16. 一般過去時(shí)態(tài) （a） be 動(dòng)詞的過去式: I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were…. 一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。 （b） 動(dòng)詞過去式： 肯定句： I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo. 一般疑問句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句： They didn’t go the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week. (3)動(dòng)詞過去式的變化： 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化： 大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞 +ed planted, watered, climbed。 動(dòng)詞以 e結(jié)尾 +d liked。 動(dòng)詞以y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ed study—studied 動(dòng)詞最后一個(gè)字母前是元音，雙寫最后一個(gè)字母+ing stop --stopped 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化： is/am—was are—were do—did have/has—had make—made fly-flew（發(fā)音/u:/） eat—ate take—took run—ran sing—sang drink—drank 17. 以“Wh-”開頭的問句. What are you doing? What colour is it? What time is it? What’s the time? Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? Who’s the man with a big nose? Whose bag is it? When is your birthday? Where is my ball pen? Why do you like summer? How many books are there in the school bag? How old is the young man? How much is the toy bear? How do you go to school every day? What are you doing? What colour is it? What time is it? What’s the time? Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? Who’s the man with a big nose? Whose bag is it? When is your birthday? Where is my ball pen? Why do you like summer? How many books are there in the school bag? How old is the young man? How much is the toy bear? How do you go to school every day? 一、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。 名詞按其數(shù),可分兩種:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞. 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則: 1.一般情況下,直接在詞尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens 2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞,在詞后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, 3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y 為i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries 4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的,變f或fe為v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives, 5.以o 結(jié)尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos, 6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children, 二、形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。 形容詞有比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)之分, 單音節(jié)詞的變化規(guī)則: 1.一般情況下,直接在詞尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest 2.以e結(jié)尾的,加-er或-est, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest. 3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的, 變y 為i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest. 4.以重讀閉音節(jié),一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的,雙寫該字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest. 5.多音節(jié)的詞,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful. 6.good-better-best 三、時(shí) 態(tài) 小 結(jié) 時(shí)態(tài) 定義 特征 動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時(shí) 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作. every day/morning/… usually 第三人稱單數(shù)的變化情況: 1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加-s 2. 以ch,sh,s,x或o結(jié)尾的詞加-es 3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,將y改成i再加-es 現(xiàn) 在 進(jìn) 行 時(shí) 表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. now/ look/ listen 現(xiàn)在分詞的變化情況: 1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加-ing 2. 以e結(jié)尾的詞,去掉e再加-ing 3. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫最后一個(gè)字母加-ing 一 般 過 去 時(shí) 表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況. 1．yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 2.last year/month 3.a minute ago/an hour ago 4.this morning/afternoon/evening 動(dòng)詞過去式的變化情況: 1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加-ed 2. 以e結(jié)尾的詞加-d 3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,將y改成i再加-ed 4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫最后一個(gè)字母加-ed 一 般 將 來 時(shí) 表示將要發(fā)生的事情 1.tomorrow 2.the day after tomorrow/ 3.The next day/Monday… 4.at the weekend/tonight 5.tomorrow night/morning/afternoon 主要構(gòu)成 be going to/will + 動(dòng)詞原形 be +形容詞 凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may，will后的一定要用動(dòng)詞的原形 四、be 動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞。 現(xiàn)階段be動(dòng)詞形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t 助動(dòng)詞形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t ※ 1. 在英語(yǔ)句子中進(jìn)行變化的時(shí)候, 有be動(dòng)詞的就在be動(dòng)詞上變化,變 “過去”, “否定”; 否定 過去 否定 am-------am not(第一人稱 “I” ) am, is ------ was --------- wasn’t is ------- isn’t (第三人稱) are ------were --------- weren’t are------aren’t (you和其它人稱) 2. 沒有be動(dòng)詞的就要加助動(dòng)詞; 否定 過去 過去否定 do -----don’t ------did---------didn’t does(第三人稱單數(shù))-----doesn’t ------did---------didn’t 五．人稱代詞 主語(yǔ) 物主代詞 賓格 形容詞性 名詞性 I my mine me she her hers her he his his him it its its it you your yours you we our ours us they their theirs them 六．特殊疑問詞 What is this? What is this in English? What is the matter? What is the weather like? What is the country like? What is she/he/ What do you like? What What does he do? What do you have for…? What colour…? What class…? What grade…? What time…? What day…? What do/does/did+…? HowHow are you? How old…? How many…? How much…? How long…? How do/does/did+…? Which +