石河子大學(xué)2017年博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題.doc

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石河子大學(xué)2017年博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題 考生答題須知 1． 所有題目（包括填空、選擇、圖表等類型題目）答題答案必須做在考點發(fā)給的答題紙上，做在本試題冊上無效。請考生務(wù)必在答題紙上寫清題號。 2． 評卷時不評閱本試題冊，答題如有做在本試題冊上而影響成績的，后果由考生自己負(fù)責(zé)。 3． 答題時一律使用藍(lán)、黑色墨水筆或圓珠筆作答（畫圖可用鉛筆），用其它筆答題不給分。 4． 答題時不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液等具有明顯標(biāo)記的涂改用品。 Part L Listening Comprehension ( 25％) Section A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this section, you are going to hear a passage. The passage will he read only once. As you listen to the passage, fill in the blanks with the words you hear. After the passage, there will be a 3-minute pause. During the pause, you must write the words on the Answer Sheet. A recent university research project investigated the attitudes of postgraduate science students (1) ____the learning of English vocabulary. The results were urprising. Ill (2) ____three of them. firstly, most of the stcrdeaats think that (3) ____every word ill English has just one meaning. This is, of course:, completely (4) ____to the facts. A glance at any English dictionary will show this. The student will (5) ____find seven or eight meanings listed for (6) ____simple words. Why, then, have these students made such a mistake: One reason irnay be that theyre .ill (7) ____. students. Scientists try to use words ill their special subject which have one meaning, and one meaning only. Another reason., of course,could be the way in Which these Student, Were They may have used vocabulary lists when they first learner English. (M one side of the page is the word in Iaaglish-, on the other sloe, a single \tiord in the (Q) native language. lhe second attitude that (10) ____from the findings is equally mistaken. (11) ____all the students think that every word in English has an exact (12) ____equivalent. Again, this is far from the trijth. Sometimes one word in Iinglish can only be translated by a (13) ____in the students native languial c. "there are other (l4) ____ill translation which we wont mention here. (:ertainly the idea of a one word for one word translation (15) ____is completely false. Translation machines, which tried to work on this (16) ____failed completely. The third resultof the investigation showed another (17) ____in the students thinking. They believe that as soon as they know the meaning of a word, theyre in a (18) ____to use it correctly. This is untrue for any language but is perhaps particularly (19) ____for English. The student has to learn when to use a word as well as to know what it means. Some words in English mean almost the same but they can only be used in certain situations. What, then, is the best way to increase ones vocabulary? This can be answered in three words-observation, (20) ____and repetition. Section B: Multiple Choice Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear S questions. The passage and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then write your choice on the Answer Slicet. 21. A) It had no efFect on living cells. 13) It had effects on living cells. C) It had effects only on children. I)) It had effects only on adults. 22. A) An increasing number of cancers in children. I3) A link between an electric current and the energy fold. C) A causal link between the power-line or device and the energy field. 1)) A Small increased chance ofcancer in children living near electric power-line. 23. A) 446. 13) 464. C ) 223. 1))234. 24. A) Because he doesnt have enough evidence. R) Because other scientists have not studied his results yet. C.) Because he discovered no direct link between disease and electricity. D) Because the link between cancer and electricity has not yet been proved. 25. A) Health and environment. B) Electric current and the energy field. C) Electricity and cancer. D) Electrical workers and cancer. Section C: Question and Answer Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage. The passage will be read only once. Then try to answer the following questions according to what you have heard. Remember you should write your answer on the Answer Sheet. 26. Why arent most new doctors interested in beginning work in a small town? 27. Why do many small town doctors work long hours? 28. What is the growing problem in the United States? 29. How many new doctors did the National Health Service Corps produce in 1979? 30. Whom did a hospital in Parkersprary offer a reward o€ 5,000 dollar to? Part 11[. Vocabulary (20%) , Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. 31. To qualify for such a position, the native would first have to receive specialized training, and this is____要想獲得這樣的職位，本地人首先必須接受專門的培訓(xùn)，這是 A) refused B) discouraged C) denied D) forbidden 32. The little girl wore a very thin coat. A sudden gust of cold wind made her____ A) whirl B) shift C) shiver D) shake 33. Presently, there are nine teachers in my team, who have____the task of teaching advanced English to more than 500 non-English majors. A) inclined B) hesitated C) afforded D) undertaken 34. The press demands that politicians____the sources of their income. A) betray B) conceal C) disclose D) renew 35. Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a m with a strong____ A) philosophy B) idealism C) morality D) personality 36. One new____to learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context. A) approach B) solution C) manner D) road 37. To maintain public____is not only the policemens duty but f every citizens responsibility. A) custom B) confidence C) security D) simplicity 38. All was dark in the district except for a candle____through th curtains in one of houses. A) glimmering B)glittering C) flaming D) blazing 39. One of the stands____and dozens of people were either killer or injured. A) destroyed B) collapsed C) corroded D) ruined 40. "Me, afraid of him?" he said with a(n) ____smile, "Not me!" A) contemptible B) amusing C) contagious D) contemptuous 41. He will simply no listen to anybody; he is____to argument. A) impervious B) imperceptible C) impassable D) blunt 42. Stop asking all these personal questions! It is bad manners to be A) inquisitive B) impatient C) acquisitive D) informative 43. He____between life and death for a few days but then he pul: A) hovered B) lurched C) wavered D) fluctuated 44. We are prepared to satisfy all your____claim A} legitimate B) legible C) intimate D) legislative 45. There is not a Greek word which is the exact____of the English word stile. A) equivalent B) copy C) counterpart D) meaning 46. The prizes will be____at the end of the school year. A) distributed B) attributed C) granted D) contributed 47. During our stay in Paris we were splendidly____by the Italian Ambassador. A) sustained B) maintained C) retained D) entertained 48. On leaving, we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality____to us and our friends. A) extended B) expanded C) expended D) awarded 49. If the dispute is not settled in a(n) ____ way soon, the two countries will certainly go to war. A) amiable B) amicable C) inimical D) unfriendly 50, If I may be so____as to advise you, my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter. A) generous B) humble C) proud D) bold 51. If you take a(n) ____course like her you can learn English in less than two years. A) intensive B) extensive C) expansive D) retentive 52. After a years hard work I think I am____to a long holiday. 10, A) entailed B) deserved C) entitled D) satisfied 53. Thousands of people____from Greece every year to work in West Germany. A) emigrate B) leave C) abandon D) immigrate 54, lie was a member of the Hillary____that conquered Mount Everest. A) mission B) invasion C) experiment D) expedition 55. It was my sad duty to____the news of Johns death to his family. A) submit B) break C) say D) proclaim 56. He____himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam. A) discerned B) distinguished C) discriminated D) extinguished 57. She____his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet. A) inclined B) declined C) denied D) disinclined 58. He was____with attempted robbery and held in custody.. A) accused B) prosecuted C) charged D) arrested 59. What the witness said in court was not____with the statement he made to the police. A) prevalent B) relevant C) consistent D) coincident 60. Molly has always beep a(n) ____child; she becomes ill easily. A) delicate B) gloomy C) energetic D) confident 61. There are some very beautifully____glass windows in the church. A) designed B) drawn C) marked D) stained 62. The man who never tries anything new is a(n) ____on the wheels of progress. A) obstacle B) brake C) break D) block 63. There is a sale at Hamfridges next week with____in all departments. A) decreases B) subtractions C) reductions D) accounts 64. Doctors have long known that if a patient is____that he will recover and is treated with sympathy, his pain will often disappear. A) assumed B) assured C) informed D) proved 65: Although most birds have only a____sense of smell, they have acute vision. A} genuine. B) negative C) negligible D) condensed 66. We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be____with either money or secret information. A）entrusted B) committed C)consigned D) assigned 67. If you never review your lessons, you will only have yourself to____if you fail in your examination. A) complain B) blame C) mistake D) fault 68. We were four scores left behind with five minutes to go, so the game looked completely____ A) irresistible B) irremissible C} irreplaceable D) irretrievable 69. Had the explosion broken out, the passagers in the plane should have been killed, for it was____timed with the planes take-off. A) spontaneously B) instantaneously C} simultaneously D) conscientiously 70. The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able to____who hard fired first. A) encounter B) highlight C} testify D) identify Part III. Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30 points) Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet. One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. He was standing at the edge of one of the tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside hiui,and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the word `More? The astonished astronomer went -to the director of the institute and told him about the incident. `Oh, yes: Thats one of the words he knows, the director said, showing no surprise at all. Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, andit has been known for a long time that they can make a number o€ sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster ,and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a `language in the real sense of the word? Scientists dont agree on this. A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure, or what we call a grammar. The grammar of a language helps to give it meaning. For example, the two questions `Who loves Mary? and `Who does Mary love? mean different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesnt come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question `Can dolphins speak? cant be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in ways which affect their meaning. 71. The dolphin leapt into the air because A) Sagan had turned his back B) it was part of the game they were playing C) he wanted Sagan to scratch him again D) Sagan wanted him to do this 72. When Sagan told the director about what the dolphin had done, the director A) didnt seem to think it was unusual B) thought Sagan was joking C) told Sagan about other words the dolphin knew D) asked him if he knew other words 73. Dolphins brains are particularly well-developed to A) help them to travel fast in water B) arrange sounds in different structures C) respond to different kinds of sound D) communicate with humans through sound 74. The sounds we call words can be called a language only if A) each sound has a different meaning B) each sound is different from the other C) there is a system of writing D) they have a structure or grammar （2） Married people live "happily ever after" in fairy tales, but they do so less and less often in real life. 1, like many of my friends, got married, divorced, and remarried. I suppose, to some people, Im a failure. After all, I broke my first solemn promise to "love and cherish until death us do part." But I feel that Im finally a success. I learned from the mistakes I made in my first marriage. This time around, the ways my husband and I share our free time, make decisions, and deal with problems are very different. I learned, first of all, not to be a clinging vine (依賴男子的婦女) . In my first marriage, I felt the every moment we spent apart was wasted. If Ray wanted to go out to a bar with his friends to watch a football game, I felt rejected and talked him into staying home. I wouldnt accept an offer to go to a movie or join an exercise class it it meant that Ray would be home alone. I realize now that we were often angry with each other just because we spent too much time together. In contrast, my second husband and I spend some of our tree time apart and try to have interests of our own. I have started playing racquetball at a health club, and David sometimes takes off to go to the local auto races with his friends. When we are together, we arent bored with each other; our separate interests make us more interesting people. I learned not only to be apart sometimes but also to work together when its time to make decisions. When Ray and I were married, I left all the important decisions to him. He decided how we would spend money, whether we should sell the car or fix it, and where to take a vacation. I know now that I went along with this so that I wouldnt have to take the responsibility when things went wrong. I could always end an argument by saying, "It was your fault!" With my second marriage, I am trying to be a full partner. We ask each others opinions on major decisions and try to compromise if we disagree. If we make the wrong choice, were equally guilty. When we rented an apartment, for example, we both had to take the blame for not noticing the drafty windows and the "no pets" clause in our lease. Maybe the most important thing Ive learned is to be a grown-up about facing problems. David and i have made a vow to face our troubles like adults. If were mad at each other or worried and upset, we say how we feel. Rather than hide behind our own misery, we talk about the problem until we discover how to fix it. Everybody argues or has to deal with the occasional crisis, but Ray and I always reacted like children to these stormy times. I would lock myself in the spare bedroom. Ray would stalk out of the house, slam the door, and race off in the car. Then I would cry and worry till he returned. I wish that my first marriage hadnt been the place where I learned how to make a relationship work, but at least I did learn. 1 feel better now about being an independent person, about making decisions, and about facing problems. My second marriage isnt perfect, but it doesnt have the deep flaws that made the first one fall apart. 75. Which of the following has contributed to the writers divorce? A) Her former husband went out to watch football games. B) She started to play racquetball at a health club. C) They spent too much time together and got bored with each other. D) They spent so little time together that they could not talk to each other. 76. It can be learned from the passage that the writer, in her first marriage, A) took less responsibility than she should for major decision B) tool: the same responsibility as her husband C) took more blame when things went wrong D) felt equally guilty when things went wrong 77. Which of the following that the author should have said when she quarrelled with her former husband but she did not. A) "It was your fault!" B) "Maybe youre right." C) "Its none of your business." D) "Its none of my business." 78. All the problems between the writer and David can be resolved because A) they hide their feelings B) they lock themselves in their bedroom C) they have promised not to be mad at each other D) they dare to face them 79, The writers second marriage is different from the first one in all the following ways except A) that they share their free time B) that they make their decisions together C) that they talk to each other D) that they deal with their troubles together 80. The best title for the passage is A) First Marriage B) Second Marriage C) Divorce D) Perfect Marriage （3） Classified Advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as "Help Wanted", "Real Estate," "Lost and Found" are made, the rate charged being less than that for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser. The reader who, is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertiser may, on this account, use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper. It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely to much extent on display type to get the readers attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is vying with others in the same group for the readers attention. In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way the classified advertisement has in rea