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1、非謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)一 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 能作賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和不定式。常接帶to不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(詞組)有want、warn、wait for、ask、tell、cause、call on、help、get、like、order、beg、allow、long for、forbid、force、advise、know、encourage、teach、invite、permit、persuade等。常接無to不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(詞組)有：watch、observe、see、look at、make、let、have、hear、overhear
2、、listen to、notice、feel、discover。我們可以用來幫助記憶：4看3讓3聽1注意1感覺1發(fā)現(xiàn)。 【真題再現(xiàn)】 1. Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help?(2010年湖南卷) A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 2. Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles. (2010年遼寧卷) A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 考點(diǎn)二 非謂語動(dòng)詞作
3、后置定語 作后置定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞有to do、doing、to bedone、being done、done五種。當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用to do或doing作定語，to do表示將來，doing表示現(xiàn)在；當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，則用to do/to be done、being done或done作定語。需要注意的是，to do和to be done作定語表示被動(dòng)時(shí)，如果句子中某一成分是該不定式的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，則選用to do；如果句子中沒有該不定式的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，則用to be done作定語。 【真題再現(xiàn)】 3. His first book _ next
4、 month is based on a true story. (2010年陜西卷) A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 4. The traffic rule saysyoung children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in achild safety seat. (2010年浙江卷) A. being weighed B. to weighC. weighed D. weighing 5. Mrs. Whi
5、te showed her students some old maps _ from the library. (2010年全國卷I) A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 考點(diǎn)三 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語 能作狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞有to do、doing、havingdone、done、having been done等。To do、doing和having done與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而done、having been done與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。To do位于句首時(shí)常作目的狀語，位于句尾時(shí)常用作目的、
6、結(jié)果、原因狀語等，而only to do常表示與預(yù)料中的情況不一致或相反的結(jié)果；doing放在句首時(shí)常作時(shí)間、條件、原因狀語等，位于句尾時(shí)常用作伴隨、方式狀語，也可作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果；當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作時(shí)間發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作時(shí)間之前時(shí)要用having done；done構(gòu)成的短語作狀語放在句首時(shí)常表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等，位于句子末尾時(shí)表示對前面的情況進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明；而having been done則表示非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。 【真題再現(xiàn)】 6. With Fathers Day around the corner, I h
7、avetaken some money out of the bank _ presentsfor my dad. (2010年全國I卷) A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 7. _ the city centre, we saw a stone statueof about 10 metres in height. (2010年上海卷) A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 8. _ from the top of the tower, the s
8、outh footof the mountain is a sea of trees. (2010年陜西卷) A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see 考點(diǎn)四 連詞+ 分詞( 短語) 作狀語 現(xiàn)在/過去分詞(短語)經(jīng)?？梢杂迷谝恍┻B詞(if、when、while、whenever、since、before、after、once、until、no matter how、however等)之后作狀語，相當(dāng)于狀語從句的省略，此時(shí)主、從句的主語相同。 【真題再現(xiàn)】 9. The experiment shows that proper amounts of
9、exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health.(2010年浙江卷) A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 考點(diǎn)五 非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語 不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞均可用作表語。過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語則表示主語所具有的特征。動(dòng)名詞作表語表示主語的具體內(nèi)容時(shí)，主語和表語可以互換。 【真題再現(xiàn)】 10. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained_ abroad due t
10、o the volcanic ash cloud. (2010年福建卷) A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck 考點(diǎn)六 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動(dòng)詞 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞或代詞加上分詞短語構(gòu)成，在句中作狀語，用于修飾整個(gè)句子。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的非謂語動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。需特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能用并列連詞和從句引導(dǎo)詞連接，二者常用逗號隔開。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語從句，但不能轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞短語作狀語，因?yàn)樗鼉?nèi)部動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致?！皐ith +名詞+非謂語動(dòng)詞”也屬于獨(dú)立主
11、格結(jié)構(gòu)，在做這類題目時(shí)一定要小心判斷，不能粗心大意。 【真題再現(xiàn)】 11. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. (2010年山東卷) A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 2. _from o
12、ther continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated 1. The repairs cost a lot, but its money well_. A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending
13、 2. The prize of the game show is30000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid 3. When _help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “Its kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 二、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式二、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式 三、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞完成式的用法 1. Th
14、e storm left, _a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused 2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken 四、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作伴隨狀語 1. “You ca
15、nt catch me!” Janet shouted, _away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 2. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted 3. Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _fun. A. had B. have C.
16、to have D. having 五、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作目的狀語 1. “Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, _it completed in time, well work two more hours a day.” A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get 2. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found o
17、ut 3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have D. have 六、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用作結(jié)果狀語 He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個(gè)過路人。 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _a record US $
18、 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 他回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子在等他。 He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同
19、，它獨(dú)立存）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。THE TEST FINISHED, WE BEGAN OUR HOLIDAY. = WHEN THE TEST WAS FINISHED, WE BEGAN OUR HOLIDAY. 4） 當(dāng)表示人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí)，及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分當(dāng)表示人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí)，及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，不及物動(dòng)詞用過去分詞詞，不及物動(dòng)
20、詞用過去分詞二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成: 1名詞（或代詞） + 現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 注意：現(xiàn)在分詞注意：現(xiàn)在分詞being或或having been在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略。在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略。
21、The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略，在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略， 一是在一是在“There being + 名詞名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，結(jié)構(gòu)中， 二是在邏輯主語是代詞的情況下。二是在邏輯主語是代詞的情況下。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 2名詞（或代詞） + 不定式（短語） 不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作。 He suggest
22、ed going for a picnic,Mary to provide the food. Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 3名詞（或代詞） + 過去分詞 過去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作。 The girls lay on her back,her hands crossed under her head. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions grea
23、tly improved. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 4名詞（或代詞） + 形容詞（短語） 形容詞（短語）在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中說明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài) The floor wet,we had to stay outside for a while. He turned to me, his eyes sleepy. 5名詞（或代詞） + 副詞 副詞在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中也多是說明名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。 The meeting over,we all went home. Schoo
24、l over, we all went home. 6名詞（或代詞） + 介詞短語 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. He left the office, tears in eyes. 注意：在“邏輯主語+介詞短語”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)里，當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何修飾成分。但with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制。例如：The teacher came in, with a book in his hand. 三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的作用：三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的作用： 多用作狀語多用作狀語 1.表示時(shí)間 His homework done
25、（=After his homework was done）， Mary decided to go shopping. 2.表示原因 There being no buses（=Because there were no buses），we had to walk home. 3.表示條件 Weather permitting（=If weather permits），well go to play basketball. 4.表示方式或伴隨 He sat at the table, head down. 動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生， 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞
26、-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束， 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式往往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。形式往往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 The manager looks worried，many things to be settled. The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. The man lay there, his hands trembling. 四、四、With( without) 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成以及句法功能的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成以及句法功能 （一）、with / without +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況: 1. with+名
27、詞名詞/代詞代詞+形容詞形容詞 He doesnt like to sleep with the windows open. = He doesnt like to sleep when the windows are open. 注意：在在“with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+形容詞形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可用已形容詞化的構(gòu)中，也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或形式或-ed形式。形式。 With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy. With his father well-known, the boy didn
28、t want to study. 2. with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+副詞副詞 The boy was walking, with his father ahead. = The boy was walking and his father was ahead. 3. with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+介詞短語介詞短語 He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. = He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. 4. with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+動(dòng)詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞過去分詞 Wit
29、h his homework done, Peter went out to play. = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. 5. with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. = The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was. Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. = When no one w
30、as noticing, he slipped through the window. 6. with+名詞名詞/代詞代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do. = The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do. （二）、With (without) 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能：的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能：定語和狀語定語和狀語 1. There is a magazine with a modern girl on its cover
31、. (定語定語) 2. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. (伴隨狀語伴隨狀語) 3 The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. =The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.（原因狀語）（原因狀語） 4With the signal given, the trai
32、n started. = After the signal was given, the train started.（時(shí)間狀語）練習(xí)題練習(xí)題 1. Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another chance. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 2. An expert _ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem. A. will come B, coming C. to come D. h
33、aving come 3. The meeting _ over, he went to pick up his son directly A. to be B. is C. was D. being 4. - They sat still in the room, _. - Why did they do like that? A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawn C. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn 5. The sun _ , they conti
34、nued their way.A. has risen B. having risen C. has raised D. having raised 6. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 7. Here are two volumes, the third one
35、 _ next month. A. comes out B. came out C. coming out D. to come out 8. With his son_ , the old man felt unhappy. A. to disappoint B. to be disappointing C. disappointing D. being disappointed 9- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost brea
36、k down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 10 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ , he gladly accepted it . A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 11. -_ , I had to ask for two days leave. A. Mother being ill B. Mother ill C. As mother was ill
37、 D. A, B and C 12. With so many books -_ , I couldnt go to surf the Internet. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. read 13. The thief stood before the policeman _ admitting what he had done . A. with his dropping head B. dropping his head C. raising his head D. with his head down 14. Winter _ , it
38、 is time to buy warm clothes . A .has come on B. is coming on C. coming on D. comes on 15. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. close, tremble B. closed, trembling C. closing, trembling D. closed, trembled 16. With nothing _ to burn, the fire became
39、 weak and finally died out . A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to leave 17. It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished . A. for B. with C. of D. from18. I couldnt do my homework with that noise _ on. A. to go B. went C. going D. goes 19. _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. A. Because of B. With C. As for D. Besides 20. Tom came home, _ .A. a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed him D. a dog was followed him
重慶市北大附中重慶實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校高三英語《語法 非謂語動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格》課件
