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1、非謂語動詞的運用與比較非謂語動詞的運用與比較不定式不定式動名詞動名詞分詞分詞非謂語動詞非謂語動詞一、一、 非謂語動詞的句法功能非謂語動詞的句法功能在句中成分在句中成分主主賓賓表表賓補賓補定定狀狀不定式不定式分詞分詞動名詞動名詞XXXX二二. 句法功能的區(qū)別：句法功能的區(qū)別：1 主語主語動名詞動名詞不定式不定式In many countries, shaking ones head means “no” and nodding means “yes”.To write a science fiction is his wish.Its dangerous to play/playing with
2、 fire.It is no good _(argue) with him about that.arguing 在含有在含有no, -less，常用動名詞短語作主語。，常用動名詞短語作主語。eg.It is no use doing.; It is useless doingIt is no good doing; It is no help doing2. 表語表語不定式不定式動名詞動名詞分詞分詞The story is moving.A way of saying “I am hungry” is patting the stomach before a meal.My task thi
3、s class is to teach you how to grasp the grammar.3. 賓語賓語動名詞動名詞不定式不定式根據(jù)習慣搭配和語義區(qū)分根據(jù)習慣搭配和語義區(qū)分 (詳析精練詳析精練 P. 91)習慣接動名詞作賓語的有：習慣接動名詞作賓語的有：mind, finish, enjoy,avoid, risk, consider, practise, suggest, advise, miss, appreciate, imagine, put off, keep (on),give up, insist on, be used to, look forward to, stic
4、k to, devote ones life to, be busy, be worth, cant help, excuse, escape, admit(承認承認)，delay, risk, object to（反對）（反對）, pay attention to, etc.習慣于后接動詞不定式而不接動名詞作賓語的習慣于后接動詞不定式而不接動名詞作賓語的動詞有：動詞有：want, wish, hope, expect, promise,pretend, decide, manage, refuse, learn, agree,plan, offer, long, demand, help,
5、manage,prepare, learn, determine, intend, etc. 動名詞與不定式的不同含義：動名詞與不定式的不同含義： be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、膽怯去做某事不敢、害怕、膽怯去做某事 be afraid of doing 擔心、恐怕出現(xiàn)擔心、恐怕出現(xiàn) We are never afraid to lay down our lives for the right cause. 為了正義的事業(yè)我們絕不怕犧牲自己的生命。為了正義的事業(yè)我們絕不怕犧牲自己的生命。 She was afraid of waking her husband up. 2) for
6、get to do sth.忘記去做某事（未做）忘記去做某事（未做）forget doing sth.忘記做過了某事（已做）忘記做過了某事（已做） The light in the office is off. It was she who turned it off, but she herself forgot _( turn ) it off. The light in the office is still on. She forgot _(turn )it off.3)remember to do sth.記著去做某事（未做）記著去做某事（未做）remember doing sth.
7、記著做了某事（已做）記著做了某事（已做）Do you remember _(meet) me at a partylast year?You must remember _( leave) tomorrow.4) stop to do sth. stop doing sth.5) regret to do sth. 遺憾地說遺憾地說/告訴告訴= be sorry to say / to tell regret doing sth. 后悔做了后悔做了I regret _ ( tell) that you didnt pass the exam again.I regret _( tell ) h
8、er the bad news.6)try to do sth. try doing sth. We tried _ ( persuade) him to go with us, but he wouldnt listen . Lets try _( do ) the work in some other way.7) mean to do sth. mean doing sth. If it means _( delay ) more than a week, Ill not wait.I mean _( go ), and nothing can stop me.8) go on to d
9、o sth.go on doing sth.9）cant help doing sth. 情不自禁，不禁情不自禁，不禁 cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫忙做不能幫忙做10). permit / allow / advise + doing sth. + sb. to do sth. 11). start / begin / continue / like / love / hate + to do sth. + doing sth.但有些動名詞在句中是主動形式，卻有被動含義但有些動名詞在句中是主動形式，卻有被動含義The house requires / needs / w
10、ants repairing.The book is worth reading. 4. 定語定語動名詞動名詞分詞分詞不定式不定式Do you know the man talking with a black there?The carrying pole reminds me of our bitter days in the past.There will be many people to help you. =who is talking The pole for carrying thingsThe labto be built next yearbeing built nowbu
11、ilt last yearCf. is our splendid.3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞falling leavesfallen leavesexiting newsexited students-ing 令人令人; -ed 表示所修飾詞本身的特征表示所修飾詞本身的特征a disappointing voice; a disappointed voice注注:1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，表示動作正在進現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，表示動作正在進行或與謂語動詞的表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。行或與謂語動詞的表示的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。如兩個動作有先有后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞如兩個動作有先有后，一般不能用現(xiàn)
12、在分詞作定語，而要用定語從句。作定語，而要用定語從句。The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.Yesterday, mother told me an event which happened five years ago?2). 不定式作定語不定式作定語 He thought out a plan _ (punish) Tom. He is always the last _ (come) to office Please give me a knife _ (cut) with. 作定語的不定式如是不及物動詞
13、，不定式后面須有相應的作定語的不定式如是不及物動詞，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。介詞。5.賓語補足語賓語補足語不定式不定式分詞分詞使役動詞使役動詞：make, have, let, etc.感覺動詞感覺動詞： hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, find, feel, etc.Its cold out side, we had the fire burning all night.Mum had him wash the plates.I saw him go upstairs.I saw him going upstai
14、rs（已經(jīng)上去了，全過程已經(jīng)上去了，全過程）（此刻的行為此刻的行為） 注：不能用不定式作賓補的動詞：注：不能用不定式作賓補的動詞：hope, suggest, agree, insist, plan, suppose, demand, think, announce, make 后不能用后不能用doing作賓補作賓補 She is often listened _( sing) the song.6. 狀語狀語不定式不定式分詞分詞1.Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave to keep watch.2. Two years late
15、r, her father disappeared , never to return.3. Im very glad to have this stamp again.4. It is too dark for us to see anything in the room.5. He is old enough to look after himself.目的目的結果結果原因原因程度程度程度程度不定式主要作目的，結果和程度狀語不定式主要作目的，結果和程度狀語1). Once fleeing Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Bel
16、gium2). Being a shy man, Einstein didnt attend the great celebration.3). The trainer appeared, followed by six little dog.4). Given more time, I can do it better.時間時間原因原因方式，伴隨方式，伴隨條件條件分詞在句中主要作時間，原因，方式或伴隨，分詞在句中主要作時間，原因，方式或伴隨，條件，讓步，結果狀語。條件，讓步，結果狀語。分詞和不定式作結果狀語分詞和不定式作結果狀語Tonys father died, leaving him a
17、 lot of money.He went home, only to find his money stolen.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語He lay on the ground, looking at the sky.Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.The game _ (interest) the boys. The boys are _ the game.The game is _. I wonder why footb
18、all _ boys. A. has interestedB. is interested inC. interesting D. interested_ (excite) at the news, the boys rushed to watch the game._ (Fill) with joy, I started off. interestsinterested ininterestingAExcitedFilled Can you do the following? generally speaking, judging from, talking of, supposing, c
19、onsidering, compared with 注注1：分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須與句子的主語分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須與句子的主語一致，構成主動或被動的關系。一致，構成主動或被動的關系。 注注2： 表示時間關系的分詞短語有時可由連接詞表示時間關系的分詞短語有時可由連接詞while或或when引導。引導。 注注3：有時，：有時，”with + 名詞（或代詞賓格）名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 分詞分詞”的結構表示伴隨狀況。的結構表示伴隨狀況。 注注4: 當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，分當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，分詞須有自己的主語，構成獨立主格結構。詞須有自己的主語，構成獨立主格結構。
20、While watching TV, he heard someone shouting shout for help.With the work done, he went home.Weather permitting, well go outing tomorrow.Moved by his words, he decided to study harder.三、三、 非謂語動詞的各種形式：（以動詞非謂語動詞的各種形式：（以動詞do為例）為例）主動主動被動被動一般一般完成完成進行進行一般一般完成完成不定式不定式分詞分詞to doto be doneto have doneto have
21、been doneto be doingdoingbeing donehaving donehaving been done1.不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)：不定式的時態(tài)與語態(tài)：1）一般式：）一般式：不定式表示的動作常與謂語的動作同時（或幾乎同時）不定式表示的動作常與謂語的動作同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或在它之后發(fā)生。發(fā)生，或在它之后發(fā)生。 I saw him go out.I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 2）進行式：）進行式：不定式表示的動作正在進行。不定式表示的動作正在進行。 Im very glad to be working wi
22、th you. 3）完成式：）完成式：不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前 Im sorry to have kept you waiting.The article is said to have been read by many people. 2.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1）動名詞的時態(tài)：）動名詞的時態(tài)：一般式和完成式一般式和完成式如如doing的動作沒明確表示出時間是與謂語同時發(fā)生或在謂語之的動作沒明確表示出時間是與謂語同時發(fā)生或在謂語之前發(fā)生，用一般式。前發(fā)生，用一般式。We are interested in _ (play) chess.如如
23、doing的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，通常用完成的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，通常用完成式。式。 Im sorry for not _ (keep) my promise. 但在某些詞后，常用一般式，盡管其動作是在謂語所表示的動作但在某些詞后，常用一般式，盡管其動作是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。之前發(fā)生。 On hearing the bad news, she cried. Ill never forget seeing that film for the first time. 2）動名詞的語態(tài)）動名詞的語態(tài) doing being done having done ha
24、ving been done He was afraid of _ (leave) at home. The house showed no sign of _ (damage). Xu Benyu insisted on being sent to the mountain area to serve the children there.3 現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài)：分詞的動作如發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后分詞的動作如發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后,doing用一用一般式，如發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，用完成式般式，如發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，用完成式having done。 Having enjoyed
25、the rides at the Headland, visitors can take a shuttle to the Lowland.But theme parks also try to make sure that visitors leave knowing more about their theme. 如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前可以在不定式前加一個由加一個由for/of 引起的短語。引起的短語。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for
26、us to help you.1). 不定式的復合結構不定式的復合結構: for/of sb. to do sth.Its wrong of/ for him to speak bad behind others.4 非謂語動詞的復合結構非謂語動詞的復合結構在一些表示對某人的在一些表示對某人的“稱贊稱贊 ”、“責備責備”等意義的形容詞后，等意義的形容詞后，如如kind, good , nice, unwise , clever, silly , wrong , foolish , stupid , careless , rude , impolite等詞，等詞，其后用其后用“of + sb.+
27、 to do sth. ”結構。結構。Its unwise of them to take such an action. (=Theyre unwise to take such an action .)2). 動名詞的復合結構：動名詞的復合結構： 名詞所有格名詞所有格(Marys)/形容性物主代詞（形容性物主代詞（my）+動名動名 邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時，須用名詞所有格或形邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語時，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓容詞性物主代詞；作賓語時，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。格。 Toms (His) coming is wha
28、t we have expected. She didnt mind Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming here. 不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如 ：but, except等后才行，此時不定式可帶等后才行，此時不定式可帶to 或不帶或不帶to. He seldom comes except _( look) at my pictures. We have no choice but _( wait) outside. They could do nothing but _(ask) for help. 不定式的主動式表示被動的幾種情況：不定式的主動式表示被動的幾種情況：1). I have a lot of things _( do) today.2).The shoes are too large for me_( wear).3).This question is difficult _( answer).
重慶市北大附中重慶實驗學校高三英語《語法 非謂語動詞的比較和運用》課件
