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1、 動(dòng)詞及其短語(yǔ)的靈活運(yùn)用是英語(yǔ)的特色之一，也是學(xué)生學(xué)動(dòng)詞及其短語(yǔ)的靈活運(yùn)用是英語(yǔ)的特色之一，也是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)，因此每年均為測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)。在歷年高考試題中動(dòng)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)，因此每年均為測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)。在歷年高考試題中動(dòng)詞所占的比例最大，設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或短詞所占的比例最大，設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)測(cè)試考生在具體語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)意義的理解和運(yùn)用。其語(yǔ)來(lái)測(cè)試考生在具體語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)意義的理解和運(yùn)用。其考點(diǎn)主要涉及以下幾個(gè)方面：考點(diǎn)主要涉及以下幾個(gè)方面： 1. 考查動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析。包括常見動(dòng)詞用法辨析，近義詞考查動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析。包括常見動(dòng)詞用法辨析，近義詞辨析，詞形相近詞辨
2、析等。辨析，詞形相近詞辨析等。 2. 考查動(dòng)詞的搭配形式。如：動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配，動(dòng)詞與考查動(dòng)詞的搭配形式。如：動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配，動(dòng)詞與介詞、副詞的搭配等。介詞、副詞的搭配等。 專題導(dǎo)讀專題導(dǎo)讀 3. 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。主要包括同根介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。主要包括同根介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析、的辨析、 不同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析以及不同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析以及“動(dòng)詞副詞介動(dòng)詞副詞介詞詞”短語(yǔ)的辨析。在動(dòng)詞詞組的測(cè)試中，絕大多數(shù)為基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)的辨析。在動(dòng)詞詞組的測(cè)試中，絕大多數(shù)為基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查，出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞有：考查，出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞有：get, turn, make,
3、put, go, give, break, cut, come, look, keep, bring, show, pick, hold, fall, carry, pull, catch, call, take等。等。 4. 考查系動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，后面常接形容詞、名詞、考查系動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，后面常接形容詞、名詞、分詞和不定式等，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這類動(dòng)詞有：分詞和不定式等，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這類動(dòng)詞有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell,
4、grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。等。 高考除了要重視動(dòng)詞的基本考點(diǎn)外，還要重視以下幾個(gè)方高考除了要重視動(dòng)詞的基本考點(diǎn)外，還要重視以下幾個(gè)方面的難點(diǎn)：面的難點(diǎn)： 1. 易混的基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)詞及其詞組。易混的基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)詞及其詞組。 2. 與漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣有出入的動(dòng)詞用法。與漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣有出入的動(dòng)詞用法。 3. 部分基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)詞及其詞組的較高級(jí)用法。部分基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)詞及其詞組的較高級(jí)用法。 動(dòng)詞分類與形式 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況，即主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況，即主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)； 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，具有是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，具有時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)語(yǔ)
5、氣氣和和人稱人稱、數(shù)數(shù)的變化。的變化。 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：及物動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：及物動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Verbs動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞Verbs動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞1. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(notional verb)：能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞. 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞vt.：本身意思不完整，：本身意思不完整， 需要接賓語(yǔ)才能使其意需要接賓語(yǔ)才能使其意 思完整思完整. 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞vi.：自身意思完整，無(wú)需接賓語(yǔ)：自身意思完整，無(wú)需接賓語(yǔ) 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 We study English. 太陽(yáng)從東方升起。太陽(yáng)從東方升起。 The sun rises
6、 in the east.2. 連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞(linking verb)：連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明：連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明 主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)特征或身份等。主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)特征或身份等。3. 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞(auxiliary verb)：一般無(wú)實(shí)際意義，只是幫：一般無(wú)實(shí)際意義，只是幫助構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等，或構(gòu)成疑助構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等，或構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)或否定式，如問(wèn)或否定式，如be, have, do, shall, willbe doing / be done / be to dohave donedo構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)、否定式構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)、否定式; 用于倒裝、加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣及代替用于倒裝、加強(qiáng)
7、語(yǔ)氣及代替前動(dòng)詞前動(dòng)詞shall用語(yǔ)第一人稱用語(yǔ)第一人稱 / will用于各種人稱用于各種人稱4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verb)：有一定意義，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)：有一定意義，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，和不帶的變化，和不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞不定式(ought)一起構(gòu)成一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)。Link verbs 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞（1）表示特征或狀態(tài)）表示特征或狀態(tài)*be, seem, appear,*look, sound, feel, taste, smell（2）表示保持某種狀態(tài)）表示保持某種狀態(tài)*continue, keep, remain, sta
8、nd, prove, stay, turn outThe meeting turned out to be successful.The shop stays open till nine oclock.（3）表示狀態(tài)變化）表示狀態(tài)變化*become, get, grow, turn, fall, come, go, run Wrong never comes right. The river runs dry.*make (有條件成為有條件成為)變成變成類系動(dòng)詞及搭配類系動(dòng)詞及搭配1. 形容詞作表語(yǔ)。形容詞作表語(yǔ)。1) go + adj. 表示令人不快的事情表示令人不快的事情 come +
9、adj. 則表示好的事情則表示好的事情In hot weather, meat goes bad.Things will come right in the end. He went mad / crazy.2) run + short, out, dry, low, deep (主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng)，能消耗掉的東西主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng)，能消耗掉的東西) Their money was running short. Still waters run deep. Dont let the children run wild. 不要讓孩子們毫無(wú)約束不要讓孩子們毫無(wú)約束(變野了變野了)。3) grow + 靜態(tài)
10、形容詞靜態(tài)形容詞 側(cè)重于側(cè)重于“逐漸變成逐漸變成”。 The girl grew thinner and thinner. Soon the sky grew light. 4) turn + 表示顏色表示顏色/天氣的形容詞天氣的形容詞 側(cè)重變得與以前完全不側(cè)重變得與以前完全不 The man turned blue with fear. 因害怕，這個(gè)人變得憂郁起來(lái)。因害怕，這個(gè)人變得憂郁起來(lái)。 The weather suddenly turned much colder. 5) fall + asleep, silent, ill 不能接形容詞比較級(jí)。不能接形容詞比較級(jí)。 She fell
11、 ill from cold. (誤誤)She fell worse . (正正)She got worse. 6) get + adj . 口語(yǔ)，用得廣泛，較多地與形容詞比較級(jí)連口語(yǔ)，用得廣泛，較多地與形容詞比較級(jí)連用用 become 較正式較正式 He became (got) angry. His coat has become (got) badly torn. The days are getting longer and longer. 注意：注意：become 一般不用于一般不用于將來(lái)成為將來(lái)成為的意思。的意思。 (誤誤)I hope you will become well.
12、(正正)I hope you will get well. 2. become, turn, get, go, fall能用名詞作表語(yǔ)能用名詞作表語(yǔ) His dream has become (got) a reality.He has turned scientist.He has gone socialist.He fell (a) victim to cancer. (他患了癌癥。他患了癌癥。)注意：注意：go , turn 后面的名詞通常不帶冠詞。后面的名詞通常不帶冠詞。3. come , grow , get + to do 表示變化過(guò)程表示變化過(guò)程, Ive really come
13、 to love this place. 表示表示最終變得最終變得Marys growing to be more and more like her mother. 表表示示漸漸變得漸漸變得Youll soon get to like it. 表示表示由不由不變得變得 注意：不能用于帶有一段時(shí)間的完成時(shí)態(tài)注意：不能用于帶有一段時(shí)間的完成時(shí)態(tài)(誤誤)They have got to know each other for years. (正正)They have known each other for years. 4.接介詞短語(yǔ)，固定搭配接介詞短語(yǔ)，固定搭配They went (grow)
14、 out of fashion. (它們變得不時(shí)髦了。它們變得不時(shí)髦了。)They ran out of money. The problem will come under discussion. They fell behind the others. What has become of the girl? Its getting near tea-time. Modal verbs情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could be able tomay/might must must not；have to needshould/ought to dare shall will/wouldcan
15、, could I can speak English. Could you tell me the way? -Could I use your pen? - Yes, you can. It cant be Mary who did it. Can it be Mary who did it?may, might May I use your bike? Tom might have some fever. She may come and see you tonight, but she isnt sure.must, must not We must serve the people
16、heart and soul. You must be tired after the long walk. She must have been there before.have to The paper has to be typed before it is handed in. Its nine oclock. We have to be in a hurry.need, neednt You neednt do it again. Need I say it once again? -Need I come again? -Yes, you must. / No, you need
17、nt. / No, you dont have to. should As a teacher, you should be strict with your students. Such a thing shouldnt be allowed to happen again. Its requested that you should be present at the meeting.ought to You ought to listen to your parents. They ought to be there in time.dare, dared I dare not go t
18、here alone. How dare you say Im unfair? Not one of them dared do such thing.shall You shall have the book as soon as I get it. Dont worry. You shall get the answer this afternoon. Shall I open the door? Where shall he wait for you?will I will tell you about it. Will you go there with me? Wont you ta
19、ke off your coat? Man will die out of air.would We promised we would do everything for you. Would you have some tea? She would go to bed at 10 in the evening.表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去情況的猜測(cè)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去情況的猜測(cè)must, can, could, may, might均可表示推測(cè)，且均可表示推測(cè)，且語(yǔ)氣逐次減弱。語(yǔ)氣逐次減弱。 must用于有把握的肯定推測(cè)用于有把握的肯定推測(cè) can一般用于疑問(wèn)句或有把握的否定推測(cè)一般用于疑問(wèn)句或有把握的否
20、定推測(cè) may, might用于沒有把握的肯定或否定推測(cè)用于沒有把握的肯定或否定推測(cè) 對(duì)對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)情況進(jìn)行猜測(cè)：情況進(jìn)行猜測(cè)：do 對(duì)此刻對(duì)此刻正在發(fā)生正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行猜測(cè)：的事情進(jìn)行猜測(cè)：be doing 對(duì)對(duì)過(guò)去過(guò)去情況進(jìn)行猜測(cè)：情況進(jìn)行猜測(cè)：+have done表示輕微的責(zé)備或后悔表示輕微的責(zé)備或后悔ought to / should have done本應(yīng)做卻沒有做本應(yīng)做卻沒有做oughtnt to / shouldnt have done本不該做但卻做了本不該做但卻做了neednt have done本不必做卻做了本不必做卻做了could / might have done本能做而沒有做本能做而沒有做
高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題 動(dòng)詞課件 新人教版
