貴州省貴陽市花溪二中八年級英語下冊《Unit 1 Lesson 2》動詞不定式課件 人教新目標版

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1、1 結構結構 : to do (否定否定) not to do 二二. 時態(tài)與語態(tài)時態(tài)與語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式進行式進行式完成式完成式完成進行式完成進行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-不同結構的不定式在句子中的意思有差不同結構的不定式在句子中的意思有差別：別：(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended t

2、o have known it before.( (一般式表示與謂語的動作同時一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/ /幾乎幾乎/ /發(fā)生在發(fā)生在它之后它之后.).)( (在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時, ,不定式的動作也正在進行不定式的動作也正在進行) )( (完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. ( (完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前, ,不定式的不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)) )1. 作主語作主

3、語2. 作賓語作賓語3. 作賓語補足語作賓語補足語4. 作定語作定語5. 作狀語作狀語6. 作表語作表語7. 作獨立成分作獨立成分8. 與疑問詞等連用與疑問詞等連用三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn .(1). 主語主語不定式作主語時不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后往往放在謂語之后,用用it作形式主語作形式主語.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2). 表語表語He refused to go home.The work

4、ers wanted to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 賓語賓語think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.

5、(4). 賓補賓補五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽 listen to hear一感覺一感覺: feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等注意：省略掉注意：省略掉to 的單詞的單詞I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后后時時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種的各種形式形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶那

6、么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則相反則帶帶to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3). What do you like to do besides sleep.(4). What do you like to watch besides to listen.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry

7、about.(5). 定定語語(如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞則不定式中要有介詞.)不定式作定語時，應放在不定式作定語時，應放在被修飾詞的后面被修飾詞的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定語之后。且放在其他后置定語之后。1. 不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種三種關系：關系：(1)動賓關系動賓關系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 (2)主謂關系主謂關系 He is always the first to come.他總是第一個來。他總是第一個來。 (3)同位關系同

8、位關系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我們都有上大學的機會。我們都有上大學的機會。2. 不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點工具等，即使是及物動詞，不定作的地點工具等，即使是及物動詞，不定式后面仍須有式后面仍須有相應的介詞相應的介詞。 3. 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介詞習慣上要省去介詞習慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他沒錢沒地方住。他沒錢沒地方住。請給我一支寫字的筆請

9、給我一支寫字的筆.Please give me a pen to write with.4. something, anything, nothing, everything等復合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。等復合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。 I have nothing to say about this thing.注意比較：注意比較：1. Do you have anything to send?你有什么東西要你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式寄嗎？（不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是的動作執(zhí)行者是you）2. Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（

10、我或別人）寄的東西嗎？你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式（不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或或someone else）I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 狀語狀語in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to,(7).獨立結構獨立結構to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truthTo tell the truth, I dont agree with y

11、ou.關于小品詞關于小品詞to (1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要下文要 省略該動詞省略該動詞. eg: Would you like to go with me ? Yes, Id like to go.(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 結構結構, be 不可省不可省. eg: Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, Id like to be.不定式與疑問詞不定式與疑問詞who,which, when, how, what who,which, when, how, what 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語

12、、等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語等。賓語等。He didnt know what to say. .他不知道說什么。他不知道說什么。( (賓語賓語) ) How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解決這個問題很重要。如何解決這個問題很重要。( (主語主語) ) My question is when to start. .我的問題是什么時我的問題是什么時候開始。候開始。( (表語表語) )注意：注意：在與在與whywhy連用時，只用于連用時，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not開頭的簡開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊

13、跟的動詞不定式不帶短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶toto。 Why not have a rest?1. had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2. Why (not) do sth.?3. prefer to do/prefer doing4. prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B5. prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B6. would rather (not) do sth.7. would rather do A than (do) B1.

14、My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D.

15、 being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it

16、 offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the schoo

17、l? -It is a very good _.A.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.A.to finish B. finishing C. being fi

18、nished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for

19、 food.A.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of

20、 new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but

21、it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as i

22、t happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle

23、 in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A.

24、to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the

25、afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make1 Do you know when _ (go) to the farm.2 Please remember _ (lock)the door when you leave the room.3 Please dont forget _

26、(ask) Mr Johnson to come tomorrow party.4 Its good _ (help)others when they are in trouble.5 I want _ (start) work at once.6 The man downstairs told the man upstairs not _ (drop)his shoes onto the floor at midnight any more. to goto lockto askto helpto startto drop1 You must be hungry. Ill get somet

27、hing _ (eat)2 Uncle Wang told them how _(make) a plane with wood and metal.3 The question is how _(get) to the top of the mountain quickly.4 She didnt know what _ (say) at the meeting the day before yesterday.5 ”Stop _ (talk), please. The film has begun.”6 Can you tell me when you can finish _ (read

28、) these books.7 I dont know whether she enjoys _ (wear) sun glasses.8 No _ (smoke),please!to eatto maketo getto saytalkingreadingwearingsmoking1 Did you hear her _(sing) in the next room last light.2 Keep _ (try). You are sure to get a good result.3 A fridge is useful for _ (keep) vegetables and foo

29、d cool.4 He left angrily without _ (say) a word5 He doesnt like _(dance) at all.singingtryingkeepingsayingdancing1. started doing/ to do2. promised to do3. advise you to do4. began doing/to do5. avoid doing 6. forget to call7. felt like doing8. let them do I forgot to ask you to go to the bank. It i

30、s very important to turn off the electricity before you check the machine. I know how to make a mouse out of my handkerchief. Luckily, we dont have much more work to do. She was very pleased to have the opportunity to travel while she was young. She has been very successful in her work, and now her greatest wish is to get married and have a child.