高考數(shù)學(xué) 17-18版 第4章 第18課 課時(shí)分層訓(xùn)練18
課時(shí)分層訓(xùn)練(十八)A組基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)(建議用時(shí):30分鐘)一、填空題1當(dāng)函數(shù)yx·2x取極小值時(shí),x等于_令y2xx·2xln 20,x.經(jīng)驗(yàn)證,為函數(shù)yx·2x的極小值點(diǎn)2函數(shù)yln xx在x(0,e上的最大值為_(kāi)1函數(shù)yln xx的定義域?yàn)?0,)又y1,令y0得x1,當(dāng)x(0,1)時(shí),y0,函數(shù)單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)x(1,e時(shí),y0,函數(shù)單調(diào)遞減當(dāng)x1時(shí),函數(shù)取得最大值1.3已知函數(shù)f(x)x3ax2(a6)x1有極大值和極小值,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是_(,3)(6,)f(x)3x22ax(a6),由已知可得f(x)0有兩個(gè)不相等的實(shí)根,4a24×3(a6)0,即a23a180,a6或a3.4設(shè)函數(shù)f(x)ax2bxc(a,b,cR),若x1為函數(shù)f(x)ex的一個(gè)極值點(diǎn),則下列圖象不可能為yf(x)圖象的是_(填序號(hào)) 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào):62172101】 圖183因?yàn)閒(x)exf(x)exf(x)(ex)f(x)f(x)ex,且x1為函數(shù)f(x)ex的一個(gè)極值點(diǎn),所以f(1)f(1)0.選項(xiàng)中,f(1)0,f(1)0,不滿足f(1)f(1)0.5函數(shù)f(x)x3x23x4在0,2上的最小值是_f(x)x22x3,令f(x)0得x1(x3舍去),又f(0)4,f(1),f(2),故f(x)在0,2上的最小值是f(1).6設(shè)aR,若函數(shù)yexax有大于零的極值點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是_(,1)yexax,yexa.函數(shù)yexax有大于零的極值點(diǎn),則方程yexa0有大于零的解,x0時(shí),ex1,aex1.7已知函數(shù)f(x)x3ax2bxa2在x1處有極值10,則f(2)_. 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào):62172102】18函數(shù)f(x)x3ax2bxa2在x1處有極值10,且f(x)3x22axb,f(1)10,且f(1)0,即解得或而當(dāng)時(shí),函數(shù)在x1處無(wú)極值,故舍去f(x)x34x211x16.f(2)18.8函數(shù)f(x)x33axb(a>0)的極大值為6,極小值為2,則f(x)的單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間是_(1,1)f(x)3x23a,由f(x)0得x±.由f(x)>0得x>或x<;由f(x)<0得<x<.x是極大值點(diǎn),x為極小值點(diǎn)即解得a1,b4,f(x)3x23.由f(x)<0得3x23<0,即1<x<1.f(x)的遞減區(qū)間為(1,1)9(2017·南京模擬)若函數(shù)f(x)x3x2在區(qū)間(a,a5)上存在最小值,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是_3,0)f(x)x22xx(2x),由f(x)>0得x<2或x>0,由f(x)<0得0<x<2.要使f(x)在(a,a5)上存在最小值,則即解得3a<0.10(2017·南通模擬)函數(shù)f(x)x33x1,若對(duì)于區(qū)間3,2上的任意x1,x2,都有|f(x1)f(x2)|t,則實(shí)數(shù)t的最小值是_. 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào):62172103】20因?yàn)閒(x)3x233(x1)(x1),令f(x)0,得x±1,所以1,1為函數(shù)的極值點(diǎn)又f(3)19,f(1)1,f(1)3,f(2)1,所以在區(qū)間3,2上,f(x)max1,f(x)min19.又由題設(shè)知在區(qū)間3,2上f(x)maxf(x)mint,從而t20,所以t的最小值是20.二、解答題11已知函數(shù)f(x)ax3bxc在點(diǎn)x2處取得極值c16.(1)求a,b的值;(2)若f(x)有極大值28,求f(x)在3,3上的最小值解(1)因?yàn)閒(x)ax3bxc,故f(x)3ax2b.由于f(x)在點(diǎn)x2處取得極值c16,故有即化簡(jiǎn)得解得(2)由(1)知f(x)x312xc,f(x)3x2123(x2)(x2),令f(x)0,得x12,x22.當(dāng)x(,2)時(shí),f(x)0,故f(x)在(,2)上為增函數(shù);當(dāng)x(2,2)時(shí),f(x)0,故f(x)在(2,2)上為減函數(shù);當(dāng)x(2,)時(shí),f(x)0,故f(x)在(2,)上為增函數(shù)由此可知f(x)在x2處取得極大值,f(2)16c,f(x)在x2處取得極小值f(2)c16.由題設(shè)條件知16c28,解得c12.此時(shí)f(3)9c21,f(3)9c3,f(2)16c4,因此f(x)在3,3上的最小值為f(2)4.12已知函數(shù)f(x)ln xax(aR)(1)求函數(shù)f(x)的單調(diào)區(qū)間;(2)當(dāng)a>0時(shí),求函數(shù)f(x)在1,2上的最小值. 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào):62172104】解(1)f(x)a(x>0)當(dāng)a0時(shí),f(x)a>0,即函數(shù)f(x)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為(0,)當(dāng)a>0時(shí),令f(x)a0,可得x,當(dāng)0<x<時(shí),f(x)>0;當(dāng)x>時(shí),f(x)<0,故函數(shù)f(x)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為,單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為.綜上可知,當(dāng)a0時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為(0,);當(dāng)a>0時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為,單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為.(2)當(dāng)1,即a1時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)在區(qū)間1,2上是減函數(shù),所以f(x)的最小值是f(2)ln 22a.當(dāng)2,即0<a時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)在區(qū)間1,2上是增函數(shù),所以f(x)的最小值是f(1)a.當(dāng)1<<2,即<a<1時(shí),函數(shù)f(x)在上是增函數(shù),在上是減函數(shù)又f(2)f(1)ln 2a,所以當(dāng)<a<ln 2時(shí),最小值是f(1)a;當(dāng)ln 2a<1時(shí),最小值為f(2)ln 22a.B組能力提升(建議用時(shí):15分鐘)1若函數(shù)f(x)x3ax2bx(a,bR)的圖象與x軸相切于一點(diǎn)A(m,0)(m0),且f(x)的極大值為,則m的值為_(kāi)由題意可得f(m)m3am2bm0,m0,則m2amb0,且f(m)3m22amb0,由解得f(x)(3xm)(xm),m>0時(shí),令f(x)>0,解得x>m或x<,令f(x)<0,解得<x<m,f(x)在遞增,在遞減,在(m,)遞增,f(x)極大值f,解得m,m<0時(shí),令f(x)>0得x<m或x>,令f(x)<0得>x>m,f(x)在(,m)遞增,在遞減,f(x)極大值f(m),而f(m)0,不成立綜上,m.2設(shè)函數(shù)f(x)則f(x)的最大值為_(kāi)2當(dāng)x0時(shí),f(x)2x0;當(dāng)x0時(shí),f(x)3x233(x1)(x1),當(dāng)x1時(shí),f(x)0,f(x)是增函數(shù),當(dāng)1x0時(shí),f(x)0,f(x)是減函數(shù),f(x)f(1)2,f(x)的最大值為2.3設(shè)函數(shù)f(x)(x1)exkx2,當(dāng)k時(shí),求函數(shù)f(x)在0,k上的最大值M.解因?yàn)閒(x)(x1)exkx2,所以f(x)xex2kxx(ex2k),令f(x)0,解得x10,x2ln 2k,因?yàn)閗,所以2k(1,2,所以0ln 2kln 2.設(shè)g(k)kln 2k,k,g(k)10,所以g(k)在上是減函數(shù),所以g(k)g(1)1ln 20,即0ln 2kk.所以f(x),f(x)隨x的變化情況如下表:x(0,ln 2k)ln 2k(ln 2k,k)f(x)0f(x)極小值所以函數(shù)f(x)在0,k上的最大值為f(0)或f(k)f(0)1,f(k)(k1)ekk3,f(k)f(0)(k1)ekk31(k1)ek(k31)(k1)ek(k1)(k2k1)(k1)ek(k2k1)因?yàn)閗,所以k10.令h(k)ek(k2k1),則h(k)ek(2k1)對(duì)任意的k,yek的圖象恒在y2k1的圖象的下方,所以ek(2k1)0,即h(k)0,所以函數(shù)h(k)在上為減函數(shù),故h(1)h(k)he0,所以f(k)f(0)0,即f(k)f(0)所以函數(shù)f(x)在0,k上的最大值Mf(k)(k1)ekk3.4設(shè)a0,函數(shù)f(x)x2(a1)xa(1ln x)(1)求曲線yf(x)在(2,f(2)處與直線yx1垂直的切線方程;(2)求函數(shù)f(x)的極值解(1)由已知,得x0,f(x)x(a1),yf(x)在(2,f(2)處切線的斜率為1,所以f(2)1,即2(a1)1,所以a0,此時(shí)f(2)220,故所求的切線方程為yx2.(2)f(x)x(a1).a當(dāng)0a1時(shí),若x(0,a),f(x)0,函數(shù)f(x)單調(diào)遞增;若x(a,1),f(x)0,函數(shù)f(x)單調(diào)遞減;若x(1,),f(x)0,函數(shù)f(x)單調(diào)遞增此時(shí)xa是f(x)的極大值點(diǎn),x1是f(x)的極小值點(diǎn),函數(shù)f(x)的極大值是f(a)a2aln a,極小值是f(1).b當(dāng)a1時(shí),f(x)0,所以函數(shù)f(x)在定義域(0,)內(nèi)單調(diào)遞增,此時(shí)f(x)沒(méi)有極值點(diǎn),故無(wú)極值c當(dāng)a1時(shí),若x(0,1),f(x)0,函數(shù)f(x)單調(diào)遞增;若x(1,a),f(x)0,函數(shù)f(x)單調(diào)遞減;若x(a,),f(x)0,函數(shù)f(x)單調(diào)遞增此時(shí)x1是f(x)的極大值點(diǎn),xa是f(x)的極小值點(diǎn) ,函數(shù)f(x)的極大值是f(1),極小值是f(a)a2aln a.綜上,當(dāng)0a1時(shí),f(x)的極大值是a2aln a,極小值是;當(dāng)a1時(shí),f(x)沒(méi)有極值;當(dāng)a1時(shí),f(x)的極大值是,極小值是a2aln a.