2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪核心考點(diǎn)探究與練習(xí) 教材復(fù)習(xí)篇 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3　Inventors and inventions 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 I want to do something special for my 15yearold son, who has always been a perfect boy.He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy __1__ (he) a new racingbicycle instead of asking for money from me.Then he spent hours and hours on it.I loved my son so much __2__ I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves.When my son rode the racingbicycle with him, he looked very cool.He dreamed __3__ taking part in a race and winning. On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found __4__ beautiful guitar on the table, beside which was a card, __5__ (say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob.I remembered once I __6__ (joke) to my family that I wanted to learn the guitar to make my life wonderful.I __7__ (forget) it, but my son remembered.He took it __8__ (serious), and bought me one as a birthday gift.When I wondered __9__ my son could buy this expensive gift, soon I realized that my son had sold his racingbicycle __10__ (get) me the guitar. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。兒子在暑期辛苦掙錢，買了他喜愛(ài)的賽車；在“我”生日時(shí)，他送給了“我”一把漂亮的吉他。后來(lái)“我”才知道，他用賣掉了心愛(ài)的賽車的錢給“我”買了這把吉他。 1．himself　根據(jù)本句的主語(yǔ)“He”可知，此處應(yīng)用he的反身代詞，指他整個(gè)夏天都在努力工作，以賺取足夠的錢給自己買一輛賽車。故填himself。 2．that　句意：我是如此愛(ài)我的兒子，以至于我給他買了一副太陽(yáng)鏡和一副手套。so ...that ...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“如此……以至于”。故填that。 3．of　句意：他夢(mèng)想?yún)⒓颖荣惒⑶耀@勝。dream of doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“夢(mèng)想做某事”。 4．a(chǎn)　根據(jù)空格后的“guitar”可知，“我”在桌子上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一把漂亮的吉他；此處泛指“一把吉他”。故填a。 5．saying　此處指在吉他旁邊有一張卡片，上面寫(xiě)著“祝漂亮的媽媽生日快樂(lè)”；card和say之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填saying。 6．joked　根據(jù)該句中的“remembered”可知，該句陳述的是過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填joked。 7．had forgotten　根據(jù)該句中的“but my son remembered”可知，“我”的兒子記得這件事情；這件事情應(yīng)是在“我”兒子想起之前“我”已經(jīng)忘記了，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填had forgotten。 8．seriously　根據(jù)空格前的動(dòng)詞“took”可知，空格處修飾該動(dòng)詞，故用副詞seriously，此外take sth.seriously為固定搭配。 9．how　空格處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，指當(dāng)“我”想知道兒子是怎樣買到這把昂貴的吉他的時(shí)候。故用how引導(dǎo)該賓語(yǔ)從句。 10．to get　兒子賣掉了他的賽車，給“我”買了這把吉他?？崭裉幾髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填to get。 distinguish vi.& vt.顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別 (1)distinguish between...and...區(qū)分/辨別……和…… distinguish...from...使……有別于……，使……具有區(qū)別于……的特征 distinguish oneself(as...)(作為……)表現(xiàn)突出 (2)distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的 be distinguished for...因……而出名 (3)distinguishable adj.易分辨的，能區(qū)分的 ①(教材原句)Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. 這回我有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)表現(xiàn)一下自己，我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西，既可以把蛇抓到而又不會(huì)傷害到它們。 ②It is hard to distinguish him from his twin brother. 很難辨認(rèn)出他和他的孿生兄弟。 ③As far as I know，she has already distinguished (distinguish) herself as an athlete. 據(jù)我所知，作為運(yùn)動(dòng)員她已享有盛名。 bear vt.忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)；生育 (1)bear to do/doing sth.忍受做某事 bear sb.to do sth.容忍某人做某事 (2)can’t bear/stand/tolerate sb/sb’s doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事 (3)bear a heavy burden 肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān) bear responsibility/the blame 承擔(dān)責(zé)任/受責(zé)備 bear/keep...in mind 記住 ①(教材原句)I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue. 我忍受不了架子上烤香腸的味道。 ②(2016浙江卷)However，a plan can_bear (bear) no fruit without being actually carried out. 然而，一項(xiàng)不實(shí)施的計(jì)劃是沒(méi)有結(jié)果的。 (1)bear作為動(dòng)詞，作“生產(chǎn)，生育”講時(shí)，有兩種過(guò)去分詞形式：borne指“生育，生產(chǎn)”，而born指“出生”。如后跟by sb.時(shí)，仍用borne這個(gè)形式。 (2)bear作“忍受”講時(shí)，后可跟v.－ing或不定式作賓語(yǔ)，且多與can，could連用。 ③She couldn’t bear his visiting (visit) her together with a big white bear.Worse still，the bear bore (bear) a baby bear before long. 她不能忍受他和一頭大白熊一起來(lái)拜訪她。更糟糕的是，那頭熊不久生下了一頭小熊。 associate vt.聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系n.同伴；伙伴 (1) (2) ①(教材原句)Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone，he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life. 雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起，但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。 ②(2016上海卷)This saying is_associated (associate) with the German－born architect Mies van der Rohe. 這個(gè)諺語(yǔ)與出生于德國(guó)的建筑師Mies van der Rohe 有關(guān)系。 ③The first step to making friends is_associating (associate) with other people. 交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人聯(lián)系。 【七選五】 ing facetoface with your inadequacies can be painful，to say the least.It challenges the way that you believe people see you and even makes you question yourself.__1__.But handling negative feedback properly will not only make you look wellbehaved，but it could eventually help you grow as a person.Heres how to do it. Be objective about criticism(批評(píng)) Before you jump to conclusions and begin to challenge the other persons opinion，take a step back and look at it allsidedly.__2__，dont immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you，but rather，take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate.__3__. Be open to the idea of change __4__.And it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance(認(rèn)知失調(diào))” that can prevent us from changing even when thats what we need most.“People have a view of themselves or the world that they only seek to confirm，not adjust or change，” Dr.Benn，a psychologist explains.“They may ignore criticism because they wish to avoid having to change，or because it makes them feel bad，or because they feel it is not helpful.” Ask questions If youre open to using the criticism as a springboard to improvement, you will likely need more information.The initial moment you hear the criticism may not be the best time to ask for more details.Your emotions will be riding high，and you may not be particularly willing to accept extra information.__5__.“Engage with the person who criticized you，asking what you can do differently or how you can do better，” says Dr.Benn.Even if you dont agree with their advice，thank them and promise to consider it. A．When you cant hear clearly B．Most of us are pretty stubborn C．Next time you get a bad review D．But its best to avoid getting into an argument E．Your immediate reaction may be to defend yourself F．Give yourself a chance to really take in the information and evaluate it G．However，when you feel ready，it could be worth revisiting the subject with the person who criticized you 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章從三個(gè)方面告訴我們，當(dāng)面對(duì)質(zhì)疑或者批評(píng)的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該怎么做。 難句分析：Even if you dont agree with their advice, thank them and promise to consider it.(最后一段最后一句) 譯文：即使你不同意他們的建議，但仍然要感謝他們并且承諾會(huì)考慮他們的建議。 詞匯積累：inadequacy n．不足　springboard n．基礎(chǔ)，出發(fā)點(diǎn)　to say the least退一步說(shuō)，至少可以這么說(shuō) 1．E　It challenges the way that you believe people see you and even makes you question yourself.(第一段第二句) 譯文：這質(zhì)疑了你認(rèn)為別人看待你的方式，甚至?xí)屇汩_(kāi)始懷疑自己。 解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句及語(yǔ)境可知，當(dāng)別人質(zhì)疑你的時(shí)候，你的第一反應(yīng)肯定是要保護(hù)自己(defend yourself)。故選E。 2．C　根據(jù)“Be objective about criticism(批評(píng))”及空格后的“dont immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you, but rather...”可知，下次當(dāng)你收到不好的評(píng)論時(shí)，不要立即讓你的情感占了上風(fēng)。故選C。 3．F　根據(jù)上文可知，你要花時(shí)間去仔細(xì)想想這些批評(píng)是否都是正確的。F項(xiàng)“給你自己一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去真正接收并評(píng)估這些信息”承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。 4．B　And it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance(認(rèn)知失調(diào))” that can prevent us from changing even when thats what we need most.(第三段第二句) 譯文：這可能是由于一個(gè)叫做認(rèn)知失調(diào)的觀念阻止我們?nèi)ジ淖兩踔潦钱?dāng)我們最需要改變事情的時(shí)候。 解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，B項(xiàng)“我們中的大多數(shù)人都相當(dāng)固執(zhí)”能夠引起下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 5．G　上文提到當(dāng)你最初聽(tīng)到批評(píng)的聲音，你的情緒會(huì)很激動(dòng)，不太愿意接受更多的批評(píng)；下文提到你要盡力去理解批評(píng)你的人，問(wèn)對(duì)方你還能做什么或怎么能做得更好。由此可知，此處應(yīng)用一個(gè)表轉(zhuǎn)折的句子承上啟下。故選G。 call up 給……打電話；使……回憶起 (1)call for 需要；要求；呼吁；(去)接(某人) call on 要求；請(qǐng)求；拜訪某人 call at (火車等)?？?；拜訪某地 call off 取消 call out 大聲說(shuō)；召喚某人 call in 請(qǐng)來(lái)，召來(lái)；收回 call back 召回 (2)與打電話相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)： 打電話：give sb.a ring/call；call up 回電話：ring back 掛斷電話：ring off；hang up 別掛斷電話：hang/hold on ①(教材原句)When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時(shí)候，她感到很心煩。 ②The Ministry of Education calls on students to_exercise (exercise)for an hour every day. 教育部呼吁學(xué)生每天鍛煉一個(gè)小時(shí)。 ③The picture called up memories of her childhood. 這張照片喚起了她童年的記憶。 set about(doing sth.)開(kāi)始，著手(干某事) set out (to do)出發(fā)；企圖；打算(做) set down 讓……下車；記下，寫(xiě)下 set off 使爆炸；引起；使(某人)開(kāi)始(做某事) set up 樹(shù)立(榜樣)；設(shè)立；創(chuàng)立；造成；產(chǎn)生 set sth.aside 將……放在一起；撥出(錢、時(shí)間)；不理會(huì) set off for＝set out for＝leave for 出發(fā)(到某地去) ①(教材原句)I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. 我著手研究蛇的習(xí)性，以便能找到捕蛇的最簡(jiǎn)易的方法。 ②The driver set her down at the station. 司機(jī)在車站停下車讓她下去。 set out表示“開(kāi)始做某事”，后多跟動(dòng)詞不定式；set about表示“開(kāi)始(著手)做某事”，多跟doing結(jié)構(gòu)；set off表示“啟程，開(kāi)始”，多指踏上征程，常和on，for等搭配。 ③The young workers set about their work with great enthusiasm. 這些年輕的工人們以極大的熱情投入到他們的工作中。 ④I wanted to set off early in order to avoid the traffic. 我想早點(diǎn)出發(fā)以避開(kāi)交通擁堵。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father! 【答案】 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be, he never fails to show care and consideration.Once I broke a window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened.I could only tell him truth.Instead of ，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health he also teaches me to be a good citizen.How I am to have such a good father! 第一處：刪除however?？疾檫B詞。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表語(yǔ)放句首時(shí)，從句倒裝，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，however多余。 第二處：her改為his?？疾榇~。與上文人稱代詞he保持一致可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞his。 第三處：neighbor改為neighbors。考查名詞所有格形式。此處用名詞所有格形式作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞window。 第四處：has改為had?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。與asked呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。 第五處：a改為the?？疾楣谠~。tell the truth為固定詞組搭配，符合語(yǔ)境，故用定冠詞the。 第六處：scold改為scolding?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞scolding作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。 第七處：our前加to?？疾榻樵~。apologize to sb.意為“向某人道歉”，為固定詞組搭配，故用介詞to。 第八處：and改為but?？疾檫B詞。not only...but also...意為“不但……而且……”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故用連詞but。 第九處：what改為how?？疾橐蓡?wèn)詞。與teaches呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示方式，故用how。 第十處：luckily改為lucky?？疾樾稳菰~。與I am呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞lucky作表語(yǔ)。 Follow_it_up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟隨它，在它的周圍探索，不知不覺(jué)中，你將有值得考慮的某些東西占用你的大腦。 本句句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：祈使句＋and＋陳述句。 (1)祈使句＋and＋陳述句＝If...，＋主句 ①Work harder and you will succeed in your studies. ＝ If you work harder，you’ll succeed in your studies. ＝ Working (work) harder，you will succeed in your studies. 如果你更加努力學(xué)習(xí)，在學(xué)習(xí)上你就會(huì)成功。 (2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陳述句＝If...not...，＋主句 ②Study hard，or/otherwise you’ll fail in your exams. ＝If you don’t_study (not study) hard，you’ll fail in your exams. ＝Y(jié)ou will fail in your exams unless you study hard. 認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會(huì)考試不及格。 (3)名詞詞組＋and＋陳述句 ③It is really very dangerous.One more (many) step，and the baby will fall into the well. 真危險(xiǎn)。再多邁一步，這個(gè)小孩兒就掉進(jìn)井里了。 ④If you make one more effort，you will succeed. and you’ll succeed. 如果你再努力些，你就會(huì)成功。 【閱讀理解】 Professional courses, such as Masters in International Business or MIB, have been taken by many students in the last two decades. They are choosing new-age non-conventional courses that guarantee a better future. MIB is a specialized course that teaches the international business. There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course. The course content and teaching methods of MIB are quite different from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration. It has been designed with the sole objective of developing professionals with an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the international trade. The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course. The massive increase in the international business and foreign trade gives excellent job prospects(前景) to the new generation. Acquiring a degree of MIB offers outstanding growth of job opportunities. Those who want to pursue in the field of marketing also have a good future after pleting the degree from a reputed MIB college. Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job profile of International Marketing Manage, and people with MIB degrees are preferred. The profile needs an in-depth understanding of the overseas markets, because it is the strategic post from the perspective of pany’s international business growth. Since business finance and economics are covered at length in the curriculum of MIB, students have great job offers in the field of finance as well. Typically, organizations offer the profile of international finance controllers to those who plete MIB with the specialization of finance. The specialization covers aspects of international taxes, accounts, budgeting and so on. People in this field are well-paid, and growth prospects are unlimited. After pleting degree course from a reputed MIB college, there is a good scope in the banking and finance sector as well. International banks appoint people who have an excellent grasp over the international banking policies, currency exchange, and international policies. Thus, MIB is the golden key to success with brilliant job opportunities in national and multinational sectors. 1.The second paragraph is mainly developed by _______. A. analyzing causes B. listing figures C. making parisons D. proving definition 2.More and more people intend to acquire a degree of MIB because _______. A. it is a pulsory course in the colleges B. it offers them conventional economic knowledge C. it offers them opportunities to do small businesses D. it helps them get good jobs in some organizations 3.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. The international finance controller is a high-quality job. B. People get higher salary in business field than in finance field. C. MIB holders are more promising in all careers than others. D. International banks only accept employees from MIB colleges. 4.What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article? A. To make an advertisement for the MIB course. B. To analyze the disadvantages of the MIB course. C. To explain why the MIB course is getting popular. D. To predict the development trend of the MIB course. 【文章大意】本文屬于說(shuō)明文，現(xiàn)在MIB課程越來(lái)越受歡迎，文章中對(duì)其受歡迎的具體的原因進(jìn)行了分析。 1.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句The course content and teaching methods of MIB are quite different from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration.和最后一句The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course.可知本段中主要通過(guò)對(duì)比MIB和MBA課程之間的區(qū)別來(lái)組織 全文的。故C項(xiàng)正確。 2.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第四句Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job profile of International Marketing Manage, and people with MIB degrees are preferred.可 知很多大型國(guó)際組織更喜歡聘用有MIB學(xué)位人才。這才是越來(lái)越多的人學(xué)習(xí)MIB課程的主要原因。故 D正確。 4.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知現(xiàn)在MIB課程越來(lái)越受歡迎。本段最后一句There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course.提出了這一課程受歡迎有很多原因，文章接下來(lái)三段就對(duì)具 體的原因進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。故C項(xiàng)正確。