2019高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 600分策略 專題4 語法填空和短文改錯 第1講 語法必備 重點2 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、比較等級和名詞的數(shù)素能強化.doc

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詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、比較等級和名詞的數(shù) 第一組 Ⅰ. 語法填空 (2018江西贛中南五校高三第一次聯(lián)合考試) The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments. The WHO wants them to work together __1. to develop__ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. These bacteria __2. are__ (be) able to resist __3. powerful__ (power) antibiotic(抗生素) drugs. The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name “superbug”. The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human __4. health__ (healthy). It said they have __5. the__ ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material __6. that/which__ helps other bacteria bee resistant to drug treatment. Marie－Paule Kieny is the Assistant Director－General at the WHO. She said，“Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out __7. of__ treatment options. ” She urged governments to give drug panies reasons to develop new treatments. “If we leave it to market forces alone，the new antibiotics we most __8. urgently__ (urgent)need are not going to be developed in time，” she said. Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __9. required__ (require) by doctors. When this happens，infections that __10. were treated__ (treat) at one time easily bee resistant. 文章大意：本文主要講述了世界衛(wèi)生組織呼吁開發(fā)新的藥物，以應(yīng)對超級病菌對人類健康的威脅。 ?　解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處是不定式作目的狀語，故填to develop。 ?　解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。此處表示客觀的陳述，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；結(jié)合空前的“These bacteria”可知，應(yīng)填are。 ?　解析：考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語修飾名詞短語，故填形容詞powerful。 ?　解析：考查名詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動詞－ing形式作賓語。human health意為”人類健康”，作介詞to的賓語。 ?　解析：考查冠詞。ability被不定式短浯“to easily turn treatable infections into killers”所修飾，表示特指，故用定冠詞the修飾。 ?　解析：考查定語從句。that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞genetic material。 ?　解析：考查介詞。固定搭配run out of意為“用完”，故填介詞of。 ?　解析：考查副詞。副詞修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或句子。故此處應(yīng)用副詞urgently修飾動詞need。 ?　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，require和amount之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。 　解析：考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語“at one time”可知，treat所表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，且動詞treat和infections是被動關(guān)系，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 Ⅱ. 短文改錯 (2018河南省豫北名校高三上學(xué)期質(zhì)量評估) After the supermarket cashier added to my groceries，it was $12 over what I had on me. I am about to remove items embarrassed from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note. “Please don’t put yourself out，” I told him. “Let me tell you story，” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of flower. I went this morning，and she got very much angry with me for spend my money on more flowers. She demanded that I did something else with that money. But，here，please accept this. It’s your mother’s flowers. ” 答案： After the supermarket cashier added my groceries, it was $12 over what I had on me. I about to remove items from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note. “Please don’t put yourself out，” I told him. “Let me tell you story，” he said. “My mother is in the hospital with cancer. I visit her every day and bring her a bunch of . I went this morning, and she got very much angry with me for my money on more flowers. She demanded that I something else with that money. ， here, please accept this. It’s mother’s flowers. ” ?　解析：to改為up。超市收銀員累加(add up)“我”購買的食品雜貨后，其總價錢比“我”所帶的錢還要多12美元。add to表示“添加”，add up“把……加起來”，故此處應(yīng)把to改為up。 ?　解析：am改為was。此處是在描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時。 ?　解析：embarrassed改為embarrassedly。此處用副詞embarrassedly“尷尬地”來修飾動詞remove。 ?　解析：story前加a。 story為可數(shù)名詞，且此處表示泛指，story的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故需加冠詞a。 ?　解析：flower改為flowers。根據(jù)flower是可數(shù)名詞可知，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。a bunch of flowers“一束花”。 ?　解析：刪除angry前的much。此處修飾形容詞angry，應(yīng)用very，much多余。 ?　解析：spend改為spending。介詞后應(yīng)使用動名詞作賓語。 ?　解析：did改為do。demand“要求”后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句中的謂語動詞使用“should＋do”的形式，其中should可以省略。故把did改為do。 ?　解析：But改為So。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示結(jié)果，故把But改為So。 　解析：your改為my。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指“我媽媽的花”，故把your改為my。 第二組 Ⅰ. 語法填空 (2017年11月浙江高考) Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life，it’s __1. an__ ongoing process，and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement， __2. which__ means yon’ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few __3. months__ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough __4. for__ the rest of your life，and that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily，and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary. One of the __5. effective__ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to __6. really__ (real) read at least one good book a week，preferably a classic. This isn’t as hard as it __7. sounds__ (sound)，and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while __8. reading__ (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and __9. their__ (they) use unconsciously，meaning that you will tend to use the words __10. learned/learnt__ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically. 文章大意：本文主要講述了積累詞匯的一些方法。 ?　解析：考查冠詞。此處表示積累詞匯是一個持續(xù)的過程，又因為單詞ongoing的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞an。 ?　解析：考查非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是非限制性定語從句，先行詞為空前的整句話，且空處在從句中作主語，故填which。 ?　解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的a few及month為可數(shù)名詞可知，此處表示“幾個月的鍛煉”，故用month的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ?　解析：考查介詞。青少年時代幾個月的鍛煉對你的余生來說是不夠的。故此處應(yīng)用介詞for，表示“對……來說”。 ?　解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)空后的ways可知，此處需要用形容詞，意為”有效的方法之一”，故填effective。 ?　解析：考查副詞。你在一周內(nèi)至少需要真正地讀一本好書，最好是一部名著。此處應(yīng)用副詞really修飾動詞read。 ?　解析：考查主謂一致。這并不像聽起來那樣難。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句中第二個as引導(dǎo)從句，從句中it是主語，且根據(jù)上文的isn’t和全文時態(tài)可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填sounds。 ?　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，動詞read的邏輯主語是you，與其構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞reading。 ?　解析：考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后的use是名詞，故需要用形容詞性物主代詞修飾，故填their。 　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，learn與the words之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。 Ⅱ. 短文改錯 (2018福州四校高三聯(lián)考) When I was young，I lived in the countryside. At that time，the trees there were very green，that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it gets dark，the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran along the village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky，the village was lighting. When I looked up，I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful. 答案： When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it dark, the air was cooler than in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends ran along the village happily. As the moon rose in the sky, the village was . When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few . They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside so wonderful. ?　解析：that改為which。考查定語從句。此處為非限制性定語從句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，應(yīng)用which指代前面的主句。 ?　解析：刪除so后的much?？疾楣潭ńY(jié)構(gòu)。此處表示那里的水是如此清澈以至于“我”甚至可以看到魚在游泳。so. . . that. . . 表示“如此……以至于……”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。 ?　解析：gets改為got?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。本文講述過去的事情，故用一般過去時。 ?　解析：it改為that?？疾榇~。當天變黑的時候，空氣比白天的涼些。that表示“同名異物”，而it表示“同名同物”，故此處應(yīng)用that。 ?　解析：out后加of?？疾楣潭ù钆?。walk out of. . . “從……走出去”為固定搭配。 ?　解析：but改為and?？疾檫B詞?！拔摇毕矚g和“我”的朋友們玩游戲，并沿著村莊快樂地跑。根據(jù)語境可知上下文之間形成并列關(guān)系，故用and。 ?　解析：highly改為high。考查副詞。high表示“高”時，形容詞和副詞同形，而highly表示“高度地，高水平地”。 ?　解析：lighting改為lighted/lit/light?？疾閯釉~語態(tài)/形容詞。此處可表示村莊被照亮了，故用light的過去分詞lighted/lit；light除了作名詞“光線”外，也可作形容詞，意為“明亮的”，故也可用light，在此作表語。 ?　解析：star改為stars。考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。a few后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 　解析：were改為was。考查主謂一致。在這個村莊的生活是很精彩的。主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，故將were改為was。