2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 2 Working the land（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

Unit 2Working the land【短文語法填空】Most people agree that the best way 1. (improve) your skills in any endeavor is to practice and practice and then practice some more.This applies 2. (equal) to playing sports or being a good musician, painter or doctor.Of course, natural talent also plays a part in high 3. (achieve), but learning the correct techniques and then practicing them will improve anyones performance.The same principle 4. (apply) to petent readers.There are certain 5. (technique) you can learn and then 6. is up to you to practice.The texts you choose to practice with should not be too difficult or you will soon get frustrated and bored.One way to test 7. a text is at the right level or not is to read the first page.If the percentage of new words is 8. (high) than 3%, you will not be able to read the text easily and so will probably not enjoy it.Reading will also be enjoyable if the subject interests you or you believe it is useful.For example, suppose in biology you were studying how plants reproduce, then you could find an English text about this 9. the Internet.That way you would be practicing reading in English as well as 10. (study) biology.【解題導(dǎo)語】文章向我們介紹了英語閱讀練習(xí)的相關(guān)技巧，強(qiáng)調(diào)練習(xí)在任何領(lǐng)域都起著重要作用。1to improve解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為在任何嘗試中，提升你技能最好的方式是練習(xí)、練習(xí)、再練習(xí)。the best way to do sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“做某事的最佳方式”，動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語。2equally解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為：這一點(diǎn)同樣適用于體育運(yùn)動或成為一名好的音樂家、畫家或醫(yī)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，apply to為動詞短語，應(yīng)用副詞修飾。故填equally。3achievement(s)解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：當(dāng)然，天賦對于取得高成就起著重要作用設(shè)空前為介詞in，故填achieve的名詞形式achievement(s)，作賓語。4applies解析：考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：同樣的原則適用于有能力的讀者。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，The same principle為主語，且此處闡述的是客觀事實(shí)，故謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填applies。5techniques解析：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：有些特定的技巧供你學(xué)習(xí)，然后練習(xí)取決于你自己。technique在此意為“技巧”，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)There are可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填techniques。6it解析：考查代詞。句意見上一題解析。It is up to sb.to do sth.為固定句型，it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式。故填it。7whether解析：考查賓語從句。句意：檢測一篇文章是否難度適中的一種方式是讀第一頁。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，test為動詞，后接賓語從句，結(jié)合句意和空后的or not可知，此處填whether。8higher解析：考查形容詞的比較級。句意：如果生詞率高于3%，你將很難讀懂文章，因此可能也不會喜歡這篇文章。根據(jù)空后的than可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級。故填higher。9on解析：考查介詞。句意：你可以在網(wǎng)上找到有關(guān)這一主題的英文文章。on the Internet為固定搭配，意為“在網(wǎng)上”。10studying解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：你可以用那種方式練習(xí)用英語閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)生物。由as well as可知，practicing和設(shè)空處并列，故填studying。一高考單詞識記思考運(yùn)用1核心詞匯struggle vi.&n.斗爭；拼搏expand vt.&vi.使變大；伸展export vt.&vi.輸出；出口rid vt.擺脫；除去reduce vt.減少；減縮focus n焦點(diǎn)；中心點(diǎn) vt.集中；聚焦ment n評論；議論 vi.&vt.表達(dá)意見；作出評論equip vt.&vi.配備；裝備 equipment n設(shè)備confuse vt.使迷惑；使為難 confused adj.迷惑的 confusing adj.令人困惑的regret vt.遺憾；惋惜 n遺憾；懊悔 regretful adj.后悔的；遺憾的2?？荚~匯therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而decade n. 十年；十年期output n. 產(chǎn)量；輸出skim vt. 瀏覽；略讀underline vt. 畫底線標(biāo)出；強(qiáng)調(diào)battle n. 戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；斗爭；較量vt.&vi. 搏斗；奮斗hunger n. 饑餓；欲望vt.&vi. (使)饑餓hungry adj. 饑餓的disturbing adj. 引起煩惱的；令人不安的；disturb vt. 打擾circulate vt.&vi.循環(huán)；流傳circulation n. 循環(huán)；流傳 discovery n發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺discover vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)occupation n. 工作；職業(yè)；占領(lǐng)occupy vt. 占據(jù)；占領(lǐng)chemical adj. 化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué)的n. 化學(xué)藥品；chemistry n. 化學(xué)；chemist n. 化學(xué)家用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity (product)(2017全國卷)2What does the underlined (underline) word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？(2017全國卷)3If someone knocks and its not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed，youre not to be disturbed (disturb)(2017全國卷)4These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced (reduce) plant diversity in the park.(2017全國卷)5Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.(2017全國卷)6To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger (hungry) for new experiences.(2016北京卷)7George Vaillant is the psychologist(心理學(xué)家) who made the discovery (discover)(2016天津卷)8Most of us are more focused (focus) on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016全國卷)9Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the harmful effects of chemicals (chemistry) on humans.(2016全國卷)10Taking melatonin (褪黑激素) drugs has been suggested to those who are_struggling (struggle) to fall asleep at night.(2016四川卷)“因此”家族therefore adv.因此；所以；因而so conj.因此，所以thus adv.因此，于是consequently adv.所以，因此as a result 結(jié)果，因此后綴-tion構(gòu)成的抽象名詞addition 增加，增加物application 請求，應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用appreciation 欣賞，鑒賞celebration 慶祝，典禮bination 結(jié)合concentration 集中，專心conduction 傳導(dǎo)congratulation 祝賀consideration 考慮，思考construction 建造，建筑動詞“擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)大”薈萃extend 延伸；擴(kuò)大enlarge 擴(kuò)大；放大spread 擴(kuò)展；蔓延；傳播expand 擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)張；膨脹broaden 使變寬，擴(kuò)展widen 加寬，使張開，使擴(kuò)大后綴-dom 構(gòu)成的名詞一覽freedom 自由wisdom 智慧kingdom 王國filmdom 電影界，電影業(yè)【完形填空】Falling off a boxcar and landing on my head，I lost my sight when I was four years old.Now I am thirtytwo.I can _1_ remember the brightness of sunshine.It would be wonderful to see again，_2_ a tragedy can do strange things to people.It _3_ to me that I might not have e to love life as I do now if I hadnt been blind.My parents and my teacher saw something _4_ me，and they made me want to _5_ against blindness.The hardest _6_ I had to learn was to believe in myself.If I hadnt been able to do that，I would have _7_ down for the rest of my life.When I say _8_ in myself I am not talking about _9_ the kind of selfconfidence that _10_ me down an unfamiliar staircase(樓梯)alone.But I mean something bigger than that：the assurance that I am a real positive person _11_ imperfections.It took me years to obtain this _12_.It had to start with the _13_.Once a man gave me an indoor _14_.“I cant use this，”I said.“Take it with you，” he _15_ me，“and roll it around.”The _16_ stuck in my head.“Roll it around！” By rolling the ball I could hear where it went.This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought _17_. At the School for the Blind I _18_ a new kind of baseball called the “ground ball”All my life I have set a series of goals and then tried to reach them，one at a time.I had to learn my _19_.I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made _20_.1A.randomly BabruptlyCroughly Dpletely2A.so BbutCthus Dand3A.occurred BreferredCbrought Dturned4A.of BforCto Din5A.get BfightCfind Ddrop6A.method BexperienceClesson Dmanner7A.broken BputCsettled Dlay8A.courage BambitionCbelief Dpower9A.firmly BsimplyCfairly Dslightly10A.stops BhelpsCfinds Dgives11A.despite BbesidesCwithout Dunlike12A.description BexistenceCaccusation Drecognition13A.intelligence BincidentCtrouble Ddetermination14A.chair BbaseballCgame Ddesign15A.urged BblamedCgreeted Dteased16A.goals BwordsCimages Dideas17A.valuable BreasonableCimpossible Dunbearable18A.discovered BequippedCformed Dinvented19A.limitations BadvantagesCpuzzles Dpersonalities20A.sense BprogressCmistakes Ddecisions【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了“我”在四歲的時(shí)候失去了視力，但通過一件小事，“我”學(xué)會了自信，并逐漸取得進(jìn)步的過程?！竞诵脑~匯】tragedy悲劇imperfection缺點(diǎn)on the average一般來說roughly粗略地1C考查副詞。“我”四歲時(shí)失去視力，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)三十二歲了。由此可推知，此處表示“我”粗略地記得，故選C。roughly“粗略地，大致上”。2B考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B。3A考查動詞?！拔摇毕氲饺绻拔摇睕]有失明“我”可能不會像現(xiàn)在這樣熱愛生活。It occurs to sb.that.為固定句型，意為“某人想到”。4D考查介詞?！拔摇备改敢约袄蠋熆吹搅恕拔摇眱?nèi)在的一些東西，他們讓“我”想要與失明作斗爭。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)選D。5B考查動詞。參見上題解析。fight against.“與作斗爭”。6C考查名詞?！拔摇睂W(xué)到的最困難的一課(lesson)就是要相信“我”自己。7A考查動詞。如果“我”做不到那樣的話，“我”可能已經(jīng)精神崩潰了。break down“(在健康或精神等方面)垮掉”。8C考查名詞。根據(jù)上文中的“to believe in myself”可知，此處應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)與上文相照應(yīng)。9B考查副詞?！拔摇闭f的信心并不僅僅(simply)指幫助(helps)“我”走下陌生樓梯的自信。10B考查動詞。參見上題解析。11A考查介詞。盡管“我”是一個(gè)不完美的人，但是“我”是一個(gè)積極的人。despite“盡管”，符合語境。12D考查名詞?！拔摇被撕芏嗄瓴耪J(rèn)識到這一點(diǎn)。A項(xiàng)意為“描述”；B項(xiàng)意為“存在”；C項(xiàng)意為“控告”；D項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)識”。13B考查名詞。這從一件小事開始。A項(xiàng)意為“智慧”；B項(xiàng)意為“小事”；C項(xiàng)意為“麻煩”；D項(xiàng)意為“決心”。14B考查名詞。根據(jù)下文中的“a new kind of baseball”可知，此處指棒球。15A考查動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指他一直在敦促“我”。urge“強(qiáng)烈要求，敦促”。16B考查名詞。他所說的話(words)印在“我”的腦海中，故選B。17C考查形容詞。這給了“我”一個(gè)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)”我”認(rèn)為不可能(impossible)的目標(biāo)的想法。A項(xiàng)意為“有價(jià)值的”；B項(xiàng)意為“合情理的”；C項(xiàng)意為“不可能的”；D項(xiàng)意為“無法容忍的”。18D考查動詞。在盲人學(xué)?！拔摇卑l(fā)明(invented)了一種新的被稱之為“地滾球”的棒球。A項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B項(xiàng)意為“配備”；C項(xiàng)意為“形成”；D項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)明”。19A考查名詞?！拔摇辈坏貌涣私庾约旱牟蛔阒?。limitation“(某人或某物的) 局限性，不足之處”。20B考查名詞?！拔摇庇袝r(shí)會失敗，但一般說來“我”取得了進(jìn)步。make progress“取得進(jìn)展”。二重點(diǎn)短語識記思考運(yùn)用1動詞介詞/副詞search for 尋找；搜尋turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于build up 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)rid. of 使擺脫或除去2其他形式would rather 寧愿；寧可thanks to 幸虧；由于，因?yàn)閎e satisfied with 對感到滿意with the hope of 懷有的希望keep.free from/of 使免受(影響、傷害等)；使不含(有害物質(zhì))用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1They tried again and again until all of us were_satisfied.(2017北京卷)2Studying babiesplay may lead_to a better understanding of science.(2016浙江卷)3Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic that a person would_rather keep secret.(2016浙江卷)4Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks_to the fortable climate for business creation.(2016江蘇卷)5After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear.(2015浙江卷)“動詞up”短語小結(jié)e up 上來，長出，出現(xiàn)keep up 保持hurry up 趕快stay up 挺住，熬夜make up 構(gòu)成，組成，編造，彌補(bǔ)speed up 加快速度“動詞to”短語薈萃lead to 導(dǎo)致，通向attend to 處理，專心于，照料add to 增添agree to 同意e to 蘇醒refer to 談到，涉及，參閱三佳句選粹在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫1.If so, what did you do to grow these plants?如果是這樣的話，你怎樣來種植這些植物？if so 意為“如果是這樣的話”，是if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的省略形式。這個(gè)周日你有空嗎？如果有，我們?nèi)ヒ盃I吧。Will you be free this Sunday? If_so，lets go camping. 2.In 1973，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.1973年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先驅(qū)。the first/last/best.n.to do sth.“第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)/最好的一個(gè)做某事的人/物”。她總是第一個(gè)到辦公室最后一個(gè)離開，我猜這就是她那么快得到晉升的原因。She is always the first person to_go_to_the_office_and_the_last_to_leave，which I guess is why she is promoted so quickly.3.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲 20%的產(chǎn)量?！癿ake itadj.動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。他的夢想是奧運(yùn)會將使得各個(gè)國家和人民和平共處。His dream was that the Olympic Games would make_it_possible_for_countries_and_people_to_live peacefully side by side.4.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的愛好上。would rather do sth.“寧愿做”?，F(xiàn)在越來越多的人寧愿不住在大城市里。Nowadays more and more people would_rather_not_live_in_big_cities.【七選五】Are you having trouble concentrating when youre reading a book or listening to a lecture？This list of activities might help to improve your study habits.Make a list.We often have trouble paying attention to one thing because our brain wants to think about something else. 1 You dont worry about whatever else you should be doing.Sleep more.Studies show that people who sleep fewer than eight hours a night for a period of time have slower response systems and more difficulty recalling information. 2 Eat healthier foods.Many people enjoy foods high in fats and sugars. 3 They might give you a temporary burst of energy.However，that energy is soon followed by a crash.Reduce screen time.This may be the most unpopular suggestion among young people.Screen time time spent looking at cell phones，televisions，puter screens，has a clear effect on the attention span. 4 5 Concentration improves for students who participate in team sports.It could be that being active is helpful in this way.Participating in a sport trains your brain to concentrate on specific tasks，and shut out other thoughts.ABe active.BPractice more.CThese foods can provide enough energy for focusing.DBut these foods cant be helpful enough when it es to focusing.EThat is bad news for teens who stay up studying the night before a test.FResearchers advise parents to limit it when their children need to be focused.GBy writing down all the things you need to do，youll gain a sense of control.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了幾種提高注意力的方法。1G根據(jù)本段的主題句“列清單”以及空后的“You dont worry about whatever else you should be doing.”可知，選G項(xiàng)。2E根據(jù)本段的主題句“Sleep more.”和空前一句的內(nèi)容可知，選E項(xiàng)。3D下文的“that energy is soon followed by a crash”與D項(xiàng)中的“cant be helpful enough”相對應(yīng)，故答案為D。4F本段的主題句“Reduce screen time.”與選項(xiàng)F中的“l(fā)imit it”對應(yīng)，故答案為F。5A空處為本段的主題句，由下文的“It could be that being active is helpful in this way.”可知，答案為A。