2018-2019學(xué)年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 5 First aid講義 新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 5 First aid 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯(英譯漢) [第一屏聽寫] 1．bleed vi.& vt.　　　　 流血 2．a(chǎn)nkle n. 踝(關(guān)節(jié)) 3．choke vi.& vt. (使)噎住；(使)窒息 4．cupboard n. 櫥柜；衣柜 5．ray n. 光線；射線 6．liquid n. 液體　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第二屏聽寫] 7．radiation n．　　　　　　 輻射；射線 8．pan n. 平底鍋；盤子 9．stove n. 爐子；火爐 10．tissue n. (生物)組織；薄的織物；手巾紙 11．swollen adj. 腫脹的 12．scissors n．(pl.) 剪刀　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第三屏聽寫] 13．basin n．　　　　　　 盆；盆地 14．bandage n. 繃帶 15．kettle n. (水)壺；罐 16．wrist n. 手腕 17．sleeve n. 袖子 18．blouse n. 女襯衫 19．throat n. 咽喉；喉嚨　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第四屏聽寫] Ⅱ.高頻詞匯(漢譯英) 1．a(chǎn)id n．& vt.　　　　　　 幫助；援助；資助 2．temporary adj. 暫時(shí)的；臨時(shí)的 3．injury n. 損傷；傷害 4．skin n. 皮；皮膚 5．organ n. 器官 6．barrier n. 屏障；障礙(物)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第五屏聽寫] 7．poison n．　　　　　　　 毒藥；毒害 vt. 毒害；使中毒 8．plex adj. 復(fù)雜的 9．variety n. 變化；多樣(化)；多變(性) 10．mild adj. 輕微的；溫和的；溫柔的 11．mildly adv. 輕微地；溫和地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第六屏聽寫] 12．unbearable adj.　　 難以忍受的；不能容忍的 13．squeeze vt.& vi. 榨；擠；壓榨 14．vital adj. 至關(guān)重要的；生死攸關(guān)的 15．symptom n. 癥狀；征兆 16．pour vt.& vi. 倒；灌；注；涌 17．damp adj. 潮濕的 18．tight adj. 牢的；緊的；緊密的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第七屏聽寫] 19．tightly adv.　　　　 緊地；牢牢地 20．firm adj. (動作)穩(wěn)定有力的；堅(jiān)定的 21．firmly adv. 堅(jiān)固地；穩(wěn)定地 22．ceremony n. 典禮；儀式；禮節(jié) 23．bravery n. 勇敢；勇氣 24．treat vt.& vi. 治療；對待；款待 n. 款待；招待　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第八屏聽寫] 25．a(chǎn)pply vt.　　 　　　 涂；敷；搽；應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用 vi. 申請；請求；使用；有效 26．pressure n. 壓力；擠壓；壓迫(感) 27．a(chǎn)mbulance n. 救護(hù)車 28．swell vi.& vt. (使)膨脹；隆起 29．first_aid (對傷患者的)急救 30．fall_ill 生病　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 [第九屏聽寫] 31．electric_shock　　　　 觸電；電休克 32．squeeze_out 榨出；擠出 33．over_and_over_again 反復(fù)；多次 34．in_place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫贿m當(dāng) 35．a(chǎn)_number_of 若干；許多 36．put_ones_hands_on 找到 37．make_a_difference 區(qū)別對待；有影響；起(重要)作用　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 二、刷清單—— (一)核心單詞 閱讀單詞 1.bleed vi.& vt.(bled, bled) 　　　　　流血 2．a(chǎn)nkle n. 踝(關(guān)節(jié)) 3．choke vi.& vt. (使)噎?。?使)窒息 4．cupboard n. 櫥柜；衣柜 5．ray n. 光線；射線 6．liquid n. 液體 7.radiation n．　　　輻射；射線 8．pan n. 平底鍋；盤子 9．stove n. 爐子；火爐 10．tissue n．(生物)組織；薄的織物；手巾紙 11．swollen adj. 腫脹的 12．scissors n．(pl.) 剪刀 13.basin n．　　　盆；盆地 14．bandage n. 繃帶 15．kettle n. (水)壺；罐 16．wrist n. 手腕 17．sleeve n. 袖子 18．blouse n. 女襯衫 19．throat n. 咽喉；喉嚨 表達(dá)單詞 1.aid n．&vt.　　　　幫助；援助；資助 2．temporary adj. 暫時(shí)的；臨時(shí)的 3．barrier n. 屏障；障礙(物) 4．unbearable adj. 難以忍受的；不能容忍的 5．squeeze vt.&vi. 榨；擠；壓榨 6．vital adj. 至關(guān)重要的；生死攸關(guān)的 7．symptom n. 癥狀；征兆 8．pour vt.&vi. 倒；灌；注；涌 9．a(chǎn)pply vt. 涂；敷；搽；應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用 vi. 申請；請求；使用；有效 10．pressure n. 壓力；擠壓；壓迫(感) 11．plex adj. 復(fù)雜的 12．ceremony n. 典禮；儀式；禮節(jié) 13．damp adj. 潮濕的 14．skin n. 皮；皮膚 [語境活用] 1．As everybody knows, cancer doesnt show any symptoms (癥狀) in its early stages. 2．Cut the lemon in half and squeeze (榨；擠) the juice out into the bowl. 3．The skin, whose functions are very plex, is our bodys largest organ which acts as a barrier (屏障) against disease and the suns harmful rays. 4．One of the station staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid (援助)． 5．The nurse applied pressure (壓力) to his arm to stop the bleeding. 6．We find such rudeness quite unbearable (難以忍受的)． 7．It was vital (至關(guān)重要的) to show that he was not afraid. 8．He applied (申請) to be sent to the northwest of China. 拓 展 單 詞 1.tight adj.牢的；緊的；緊密的→tightly adv.緊地；牢牢地 2．firm adj.(動作)穩(wěn)定有力的；堅(jiān)定的→firmly adv.堅(jiān)固地；穩(wěn)定地 3．bravery n．勇敢；勇氣→brave adj.勇敢的；有勇氣的→bravely adv.勇敢地 4．treat vt.&vi.治療；對待；款待n.款待；招待→treatment n．治療；療法；對待；待遇 5．variety n．變化；多樣(化)；多變(性)→various adj.各種各樣的→vary v．改變；使多樣化 6．mild adj.輕微的；溫和的；溫柔的→mildly adv.輕微地；溫和地 7．injury n．損傷；傷害→injure vt.損傷；傷害；使受傷→injured adj.受傷的；有傷的 8．poison n．毒藥；毒害vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的 9．swell vi.&vt.(使)膨脹；隆起→swollen adj.腫脹的 [語境活用] 1．He said mildly (mild) to me that he didnt mean to upset me. 2．The burning plastic gave off poisonous (poison) gas, which is harmful to our health. 3．I firmly (firm) believe that the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job. 4．The people in the flooded area fought bravely against the natural disaster. Their bravery deserved to be praised.(brave) 5．We like to live a life full of variety and mens tastes are various.(vary) 6．People had to treat themselves in their own way before they received the treatment sent by the government.(treat) 7．Tom got badly injured in the car accident. The injury to his leg was really serious.(injury) 8．His face was swollen (swell) with toothache so I advised him to see a dentist before it got worse. (二)常用短語 寫準(zhǔn)記牢 語境活用(選用左欄短語填空) 1.first_aid　　　　　　(對傷患者的)急救 2．fall_ill 生病 3．make_a_difference 區(qū)別對待；有影響；起(重要)作用 4．squeeze_out 榨出；擠出 5．over_and_over_again 反復(fù)；多次 6．in_place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫贿m當(dāng) 7．prevent_...from_... 阻止…… 8．put_ones_hands_on 找到 9．take_off 起飛；流行；脫下；(事業(yè))騰飛 10．a(chǎn)ct_as 擔(dān)任；充當(dāng) 11．electric_shock 觸電；電休克 1.Arriving in London, she suddenly fell_ill because she couldnt bear the changeable weather. 2．The professor always urges us that everything should be put in_place before we leave the lab. 3．Im sure that our hard work can make_a_difference and everything will be OK. 4．Ive told you over_and_over_again not to do that but you wont listen. 5．My writing career took_off when I discovered my own style. 6．Hannah was busy with work then but she still tried her best to squeeze_out some time from her tight schedule to visit her mother. (三)經(jīng)典句式 原句背誦 句式解構(gòu) 佳句仿寫 1.... it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. ……正是皮膚讓你感到冷熱和疼痛，皮膚還使你有觸覺。 where在句中引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示“……的地方”，相當(dāng)于the place where，在表語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。 他想去巴黎，但我更喜歡去倫敦，那就是我們的分歧所在。 He wants to go to Paris, but I want to go to London; thats_where_we_differ. 2.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把衣服脫掉，如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀。 if necessary“如果有必要的話”為省略句，補(bǔ)全后為：if it is necessary。 如果有必要的話，我將親自去那兒一趟。 If_necessary,_Ill go there myself. 3.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí)，突然他聽到了尖叫聲。 be doing ...when ...“正在做……這時(shí)突然……”。 我們正在討論問題，這時(shí)停電了。 We were_discussing_the_problem_when there was a power cut. 4.There is no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life. 毫無疑問，是約翰敏捷的思維和在學(xué)校學(xué)到的急救技能，挽救了斯萊德女士的生命。 There is no doubt that ...“毫無疑問……”，其中的that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 毫無疑問，那里的孩子極需要關(guān)愛和幫助。 There_is_no_doubt_that children there are badly in need of care and help. (四)初中考點(diǎn)再回顧 高頻考查類——記熟 文化差異類——辨清 易忘易錯(cuò)類——勤覽 1.thin adj.　　　　　　薄的 2．twice_a_week 每周兩次 3．work_on 從事 4．the marks of ... ……的印痕 5．the standards of ... ……的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 6．walk into 撞到 1.drive sb. mad/crazy使某人發(fā)狂/發(fā)瘋 2．get mad 大動肝火 3．be thirsty for 渴望；渴求 4．have a point 有道理 5．in line with 和……成一排 6．keep ones cool 沉住氣 1.specially adv.專門的；特別的 2．especially adv. 尤其；特別 3．fridge n. 冰箱 4．sound like 聽起來像…… 5．look like 看起來像…… 6．boarding school 寄宿學(xué)校 一、過重點(diǎn)單詞—— 1．a(chǎn)id n．& vt.幫助；援助；資助 [教材原句]　First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救就是在找到醫(yī)生之前對突然生病或受傷的人給予臨時(shí)性的幫助。 (1)do/offer/give/perform/carry out first aid to sb. 　　　　　　　　　　 對某人進(jìn)行急救 with the aid of sb.＝with sb.s aid 在某人的幫助下 in aid of 為了援助；支持 go/e to ones aid 去/來援助某人 apply for aid 申請支援 (2)aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在某方面幫助某人 aid sb. with sth. 以某事/物幫助某人 aid sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①I aid the poor girl in continuing her study. ②They were accused of aiding him to_escape (escape)． ③He aids the poor with money. 單句改錯(cuò) ④With aid of opening the door, they fixed a handle in it.With→In ⑤I couldnt speak any French, but a nice man came my aid and told me where to go.came后加to 補(bǔ)全句子 ⑥With_the_aid_of_our_English_teacher,_we have made great progress this term. 在我們英語老師的幫助下，這學(xué)期我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮倪M(jìn)步。 2．vital adj.至關(guān)重要的；生死攸關(guān)的 [教材原句]　If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. 如果是二度或者三度燒傷，至關(guān)重要的是把傷者立刻送去看醫(yī)生或送往醫(yī)院。 be vital for/to sth.　　　　　　　　 對……極為重要 It is vital that ...(should) do sth. ……是十分重要的 It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①Enough sleep is vital for/to the students wellbeing and health. ②As far as Im concerned, it is vital to_keep (keep) accurate records. 單句寫作 ③如果我們要想在生活中發(fā)揮作用，重要的一點(diǎn)就是我們應(yīng)該從小事開始。(2014湖北高考短文寫作) If we are to make a difference in life, its vital that we (should)_begin_with_small_things. 3．treat vt.& vi.治療；對待；款待n.款待；招待 [教材原句]　John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slades hands. 約翰用這些東西處理斯萊德女士手上最嚴(yán)重的傷口。 (1)treat sb. as ...　　　　　　 把某人當(dāng)……看待 treat sth. seriously 認(rèn)真對待某事/物 treat sb./oneself to 用……款待某人/自己 (2)Its my treat. 我請客。 [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①M(fèi)en and women must be_treated (treat) equally in education and employment. ②Drink driving should be treated as a crime regardless of whether the driver causes a crash. 單句改錯(cuò) ③Ill treat you for lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.for→to ④Treat the earth serious, for it is not given to you by your parents but lent to you by your children.serious→seriously 4．a(chǎn)pply vt.涂；敷；搽；應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用；腳踩 vi.申請；請求；使用；有效 [教材原句]　He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. 他按住傷口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救護(hù)車的到來。 [練牢基點(diǎn)]　寫出下列句中apply的含義 ①You may apply in person or by letter; either will be OK.申請 ②At last he applied a little wax polish (蠟油) on the leg.涂；敷 ③The dog lying on the road, he applied his brake quickly.腳踩 ④The new discovery may be applied in medicine.應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用 [系統(tǒng)考點(diǎn)] (1)apply ... to ...　　　　　 把……運(yùn)用到……中； 把……涂到……上 apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于 apply to ... 適應(yīng)/適用…… apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申請…… (2)applicant n. 申請人 application n. 申請；申請書；適用 [練通重點(diǎn)] 單句語法填空 ⑤If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. ⑥Over the years, he has applied himself to improving (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers. 單句寫作 ⑦我寫信是想申請學(xué)生志愿者這個(gè)職位。(2015陜西高考書面表達(dá)) Im writing to_apply_for_the_position as a student volunteer. Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice. 2．If you try and lift that heavy suitcase, you will do yourself an injury. 3．As everyone can see, education is vital to/for the countrys future. 4．We are treating Mom to dinner for her birthday. 5．With the aid of a pass the traveler can find the land. Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換/一句多譯 1．If you apply yourself to the job in hand, youll soon finish it. →Applying_yourself_to_the_job_in_hand,_youll_soon_finish_it.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語) 2．有各種各樣的方法來處理這些問題。 ①There are various ways of dealing with such matters. ②There are a_variety_of ways of dealing with such matters. ③There are varieties_of ways of dealing with such matters. 3．我的教授幫助我繼續(xù)做研究。 ①M(fèi)y professor aided me to_continue my research. ②My professor aided me in continuing my research. 二、過短語、句式—— 1．in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫贿m當(dāng) [教材原句]　Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用膠布把繃帶固定。 (1)out of place　　　　 不在適當(dāng)位置；不合適 in place of 代替；取代 in the first place 首先；第一 (2)take place 發(fā)生 take ones place 就座；代替 take the place of 代替；取代 [多角練透] 用in place/out of place填空 ①Youd better put things back in_place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things. ②Some of these books are out_of_place,_making the whole room messy. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ③We want another girl in place of her. →We want another girl to take_the_place_of her. 單句寫作 ④首先，我把散落在屋子里的所有書、報(bào)紙和其他東西收拾起來，并把它們放在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?2013陜西高考書面表達(dá)) Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put_them_in_place. 2．make a difference區(qū)別對待；有影響；起(重要)作用 [教材原句]　It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 這說明了急救知識的確能發(fā)揮重要的作用。 (1)make a difference to　 對……有作用/有影響 make some/no/little difference (to ...) (對……)有些/沒作用或影響 (2)tell the difference (between ... and ...) 辨別/區(qū)分(……與……) [多角練透] 單句語法填空 ①His words make no difference to him, for he is quite stubborn. ②Does it make any/a difference whether she will e to our party? ③The twins are so alike; its difficult to tell the difference between them. 單句寫作 ④我不僅不會到處丟垃圾吐痰，而且無論何時(shí)都會幫忙清理路邊的垃圾。我希望我的行為能起到作用。(2013安徽高考書面表達(dá)) Not only will I keep from littering or spitting anywhere, but I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my_behavior_will_make_a_difference. 3．be doing ...when ... John was_studying in his room when he heard screaming. 約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí)，突然他聽到了尖叫聲。 be doing ...when ...“正在做……這時(shí)突然……”，when 為并列連詞，表示“這時(shí)；突然”，相當(dāng)于and then/and at that time。 ①Last Monday, I was_walking (walk) in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. 上周一，我正在街上散步，這時(shí)突然看到一位老人從自行車上摔了下來。 be about to do ...when ... 正要做……這時(shí)突然…… be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……這時(shí)突然…… had just done ...when ... 剛做完……這時(shí)突然…… ②I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.(2014福建高考書面表達(dá)) →I was_on_the_point_of_giving_up_when my best friend encouraged me to go on. 我正要放棄這時(shí)我最好的朋友鼓勵(lì)我繼續(xù)下去。 ③I had_just_finished my exam paper when the bell rang. 我剛做完試卷，下課鈴就響了。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．In the first place, I think it very important to make more friends abroad. 2．Some students often pour out their trouble to our teachers. 3．As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. 4．We have a lot in mon; that is where we can cooperate. 5．They had_covered (cover) three miles when they realized they had left their IDs at home. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Dont take anything away. Mother likes everything to be in the place.去掉the 2．A few kind words at the right time make difference.difference前加a 3．She was thinking about the problem then Tom patted her.then→when 4．He read every book he could put his hand on.hand→hands 5．It was in 1993 when I graduated from the university.when→that 6．She had good knowledge of English when she was in the university.had后加a Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示詞和相關(guān)要求補(bǔ)全句子 1．(2014陜西高考滿分作文)眾所周知，我們學(xué)校在英語教學(xué)方面非常獨(dú)特。(as引導(dǎo)的定語從句) As_is_known_to_all,_our school is unique in English teaching and studying for all the students. 2．反復(fù)練習(xí)它直到你記住。(over and over again) Practice_it_over_and_over_again until you remember it. 3．只有我們知道過低碳生活在日常生活中做什么，我們才能有所不同。(make a difference) Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a lowcarbon life can_we_make_a_difference. 4．如果我們能做到如上所述，毫無疑問，我們就能精通英語。(there is no doubt that) If we can do as mentioned above, there_is_no_doubt_that_we_can_master_English. 5．(2014湖北高考短文寫作)我去書店的路上，在一個(gè)十字路口等綠燈，這時(shí)一個(gè)大約十歲的女孩被一輛駛過的車撞倒了。 (be doing ... when ...) I was on my way to the bookstore and was_waiting_for_the_green_light_at_a_crossing_when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car. 三、過語法、寫作—— (一)單元小語法——省略 Ⅰ.用省略形式補(bǔ)全句子 1—You should have given me a ring before you left. —I_meant_to (我打算給你打電話), but I was in a hurry that time. 2．—Dont forget to e to my birthday party tomorrow. —I_wont (我不會忘的)． 3．—You seem to have lost your way. Need_help (需要幫助嗎)? —Im looking for the nearest post office. 4．The flowers his friend gave him will die unless_watered_every_day (除非每天澆水)． 5．—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class? —Id_like_to (我愿意去), but I promised Nancy to go out with her. 6．Present at their wedding were about 300 guests, many_more_than_expected (比預(yù)想的要多許多)． 7．It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. If_so (如果這樣的話), wed better take it to the garage immediately. 8．—I listen to English every day over the radio. —Sounds_interesting (聽起來很有趣)． Ⅱ.將下列句子改寫成省略句 1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful. →The_burn_she_got_from_the_iron_was_red_and_very_painful. 2．Just take a short break if you are tired. →Just_take_a_short_break_if_tired. 3．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students havent done a first aid course. →Only_some_of_the_students_have_done_a_first_aid_course_but_most_havent. 4．Who do you suggest should be sent to work there? →Who_do_you_suggest_be_sent_to_work_there? 5．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. →She_stood_at_the_gate_as_if_waiting_for_someone. (二)課堂微寫作練縮寫——讓語言更凝練 [題目要求] 在日常生活中懂得一些基本的急救知識是非常重要的，這或許會挽救一個(gè)人的生命。請把下面作文縮寫成100詞左右的文章，闡述急救的重要性。注意保留加黑部分。 It is important to know how to give first aid, particularly in lifethreatening situations.Examples of these are choking, excessive (過多) bleeding, drowning, poisoning and the stopping of ones breath or heartbeat. First aid is what a person can do to a wounded or sick person, or on any immediate situation that involves lifethreatening matters, before the doctor arrives. The aims of first aid are：to keep the person alive.This counts for lifethreatening and immediate situations; to stabilize the condition of the person, and lastly, to relieve any pain, disfort and most importantly, anxiety.Ideally, a first aider is someone who has attended classes on emergency care and has undergone first aid training.But not all of us have the opportunity to receive such training because of our individual work and activities. Almost all of us will have to administer emergency assistance at some point.And if so, we would have to use a first aid kit (急救箱). This is why it is always advised that every home should have a first aid supply, because an emergency knocks on the most unexpected time. [答案示例] It is important to know how to give first aid, which is what a person can do to a wounded or sick person, or on any immediate situation before the doctor arrives. The aims of first aid are: to keep the person alive; to stabilize the condition of the person, and to relieve any pain, disfort and most importantly, anxiety.Almost all of us will have to administer emergency assistance at some point. This is why it is always advised that every home should have a first aid supply, because an emergency knocks on the most unexpected time. Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Most buildings are built to stand up straight, but these look as if they might fall over! The church tower of Suurhusen Built in 1450, the 27metrehigh church tower lies in Suurhusen, Germany. It was built in wet land on foundations of oak tree trunks (樹干). When the land was drained (排水) later, the wood broke down, causing one side of the tower to be a little lower than the other. In 1975, the tower became a real hazard and people were not allowed to enter until the foundations were made strong again. The lean (傾斜) of the tower is now about five degrees. The Leaning Tower of Pisa The work of building the tower began in 1173, and was finally pleted in 1372. In fact, it began to lean after just a couple of floors were built. And this condition continued in the centuries after its pletion. The tower was finally closed to the public in 1990 after people failed to stabilize (使穩(wěn)固) its foundations. In 2001, it was reopened after engineers removed soil from underneath its raised side. Now it leans just an angle of 3.97 degrees. Capital Gate of Abu Dhabi pleted in 2011, the Capital Gate tower in Abu Dhabi was designed to lean eighteen degrees. The building stands next to the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre and contains, among other things, a fine hotel with wonderful views of the harbour. Also known as the leaning tower of Abu Dhabi, the tower is one of the tallest buildings in the city. Big Ben of London The building leans 0.26 degrees to the northwest. This was mainly caused by the engineering projects (項(xiàng)目) that have been carried out in the ground below it since the late 1800s. The tower, which has been continuously open since it was pleted in 1858, has nowhere near the lean of the Tower of Pisa and is still pletely safe to enter. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四座聞名世界的斜塔。 1．The underlined word “hazard” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”． A．danger　　　　　　　　 B．church C．castle D．treasure 解析：選A　詞義猜測題。由該詞后的“people were not allowed to enter until the foundations were made strong again”可知，塔由于傾斜變得危險(xiǎn)了，所以不允許人們進(jìn)去了，故選A項(xiàng)。 2．What can we learn about the Leaning Tower of Pisa? A．It didnt lean until